Name of the Examination : IV B.

Tech I Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations,

October / November-2017.
Name of the Subject : Energy Audit Conservation and Management
Subject Code : RT41024
Name and Official Address of the Expert : HARI MADHAVA REDDY Y
Assistant Professor, Department of EEE,
Universal College of Engineering & Technology
Dokiparru, Guntur Dist.
Contact Number : 9493854163, 7287070712
Question Paper Set No. : 3

Q. No. Part-A Marks

1. a). Explain the objectives of energy management in an organization. [4]

Ans The fundamental goal of energy management is to produce goods and

provide services with the least cost and least environmental effect. 1M

The main objectives of energy management are Initiating, planning,

controlling, promoting, monitoring and reporting. 3M

Explanation of any two from above

b). List and explain the types of lighting based on lighting installation. [4]

Ans  Direct Lighting 1M

 Semi-direct Lighting 1M
 General Diffuse Lighting 1M
 Semi- Indirect Lighting 1M
 Indirect Lighting

c). Explain the significance and usage of Tong tester. [4]

Ans • Clamp-on ammeter or simply ‘clamp meter’ or Tong tester is 2M

an instrument that is used to measure the current flowing through a
conductor without having to make physical contact with it, or to
disconnect it for insertion through the probe.
• An AC Clamp meter basically consists of a current transformer in its jaws,
1M
bar CT usually. Utilizing the principle of current transformer, the reading
will be displayed.
• Whereas a DC clamp meter is quite different. It uses a Hall Effect sensor
for measuring the current.
1M
 d) The amount of heat required to raise the temperature depends on
what factors in Space heating. [3]

Ans The thermal performance depends on a large number of factors. They can be
summarised as
(i) Design variables (geometrical dimensions of building elements such as 1M
walls, roof and windows, orientation, shading devices, etc.)
(ii) Material properties (density, specific heat, thermal 1M
conductivity, transmissivity, etc.)
(iii) Weather data (solar radiation, ambient temperature, wind speed, humidity,
etc.)
(iv) A building’s usage data (internal gains due to occupants, lighting and 1M
equipment, air exchanges, etc.)

e)
List the applications of Life cycle costing analysis. [3]

(i) It results in earlier actions to generate revenue or to lower costs than 1M

Ans
otherwise might be considered.
(ii) It ensures better decision from a more accurate and realistic
assessment of revenues and costs, at-least within a particular life cycle 1M
stage.
(iii) It promotes long-term rewarding. ½M
(iv) It provides an overall framework for considering total incremental ½M
costs over the life span of the product.

What is the impact of replacement analysis on Energy Economics? [4]

f)

Ans
Replacement analysis is economically evaluating the existing defender 2M
and its challenger.

This impact on period of time that results the minimum equivalent 2M

uniform annual cost (EUAC) of owning and operating an assets.

PART- B
2 a).
What do you mean by Energy Audit and explain its
necessity In present scenario?

Ans
Energy Audit is defined as “the verification, monitoring and analysis of 3M
use of energy including submission of technical report containing
recommendations for improving energy efficiency with cost benefit
analysis and an action plan to reduce energy consumption”.
 Necessity of Energy Audit:

 Lower Energy Bills 5M

 Improved Comfort
 Better Health and Safety
 Environmental Impact

b). Explain the role of energy manager w.r.t. energy conservation

Ans  Set up an Energy Management Plan.

 Establish energy records. 8M
 Identify outside assistance.
 Assess future energy needs.
 Identify financing sources.
 Make energy recommendations.
 Implement recommendations.
 Provide liaison for the energy committee.
 Plan communication strategies.
 Evaluate program effectiveness.

3. a). Explain in detail about Horizontal polar curve and Vertical

polar curve.

Ans Horizontal polar curve: 4M

Vertical Polar Curve 4M

 b). If a lamp is 200 C.P is placed 1 meter below a plane mirror which
reflects 90% of light falling on it, determine illumination at a point
3 meters away from the foot of the lamp which is hung 4 meters
above the ground.

Ans

2M

2M

2M

2M

4. a). List and Explain the different methods for power factor
improvement

Ans The following devices and equipment are used for Power
Factor Improvement.
1. Static Capacitor 3M
2. Synchronous Condenser
3M
3. Phase Advancer 2M
b). Explain the effect of harmonics on power factor as well as on the
system? And give the necessary measures to counter these causes

Ans

2M

2M

1M
 The necessary measures to counter these causes of Harmonics
3M
 IEEE 519-1992 Guidelines
 Passive Harmonic Filters
 Active filters
 Isolation Transformers

What do you mean by Heating of Building and explain its design

5. a). considerations.

Ans
2M

2M

2M

2M

b). Explain with a neat sketch the operation of a Window Air

Conditioner.
Ans Working of Window AC
4M

Room Air Cycle

 Hot Air Cycle
4M
 Setting the Room Temperature with Thermostat
 Setting the Speed of the Air
Air Filter
6. a).

Ans Cost–benefit analysis is often used by organizations to appraise the

desirability of a given policy. It is an analysis of the expected balance of 4M
benefits and costs, including an account of foregone alternatives and
the status quo CBA helps predict whether the benefits of a policy
outweigh its costs, and by how much relative to other alternatives, so
that one can rank alternate policies in terms of the cost–benefit
ratio Generally, accurate cost–benefit analysis identifies choices that
increase welfare from a utilitarian perspective.

Risk and uncertainty

4M

b). importance of sensitivity analysis in capital budgeting

Ans The main purpose of sensitivity analysis is not to quantify or measure
risk but

 To ascertain responsiveness of Net Present Value 2M

2M
 To measure extent of change in variable and underlying
2M
assumptions that would bear CASH FLOWS.
2M
 Decision making
 Risk assessment

Pay back period

7. a).
6M
Ans
 Disadvantages: 2M

This form of payback ignores the time value of money and ignores returns
beyond the predetermined limit.

b). Effects of low power factor:

4M
Ans 1. Lower the pf, higher is the load current required
2. Lower the pf, kVA rating of the equipment has to be more which
means the equipment has to be larger and expensive
3. To transmit or distribute a fixed amount of power at constant voltage,
the conductor will have to carry more current at LPF which means
the conductor size has to be large
4. Large current at LPF, makes I2R losses to increase which results in
poor efficiency
5. The lagging PF reduces the handling capacity of all elements of the
system due to the reactive component of the current
6. Large current at LPF causes greater voltage drops in alternators,
transformers, transmission lines and distributors – poor voltage
regulation

Necessity for power factor correction : 4M

• Reduction in Electricity Bill due to reduced maximum demand

• No low power factor penalty charges
• Improved Voltage Level in System due to elimination of inductive
current
• KW capacities of prime movers, alternators, transformers and
transmission lines is increased
• Reduction in System losses; Efficiency of every plant increases;
Overall cost per unit decreases
• Voltage regulation of transmission lines increases i.e., Voltage drop
in the system improves
• Distribution capacity is augmented
• Premature failure of motors and other inductive equipment can be
prevented