Indian Journal of Chemical Technology

Vol. 1, September 1994. pp. 305-307

Short Communication

Cooling of a viscous liquid using a half-coil flow rate of the cooling water and the initial tem-
jacket perature of hot glycerine. The transient tempera-
ture data on the vessel (Th) as well as on the coil
Y Pydisetty & N S Jayakumar side (~) are shown in Fig. 2.
Department of Chemical Engineering, D D Institute of Results and discussion-The temperature vs
Technology, Nadiad 387 001, India time data for fixed time intervals obtained from
Fig. 2 have been used to calculate the corre-
Cooling of a hot viscous glycerine liquid using wa- sponding logarithmic mean temperature differ-
ter as coolant flowing through a half-coil jacket has ence, shown in Table 2. The individual and over-
been studied experimentally in a batch stirred system all heat transfer coefficients have been calculated
to investigate the individual as well as the overall
from heat balances assuming negligible heat losses
time-variant heat transfer coefficients.
from the vessel lid, bottom and side, uniform tem-
In an indirect heat transfer system jackets or coils perature throughout the bath inside the vessel,
are used for heating! cooling or temperature con- steady flow of coolant throughout the experiment
trol of a chemical reaction. Coils are more suit- and constant wall temperature throughout the
able than jackets since coil geometry offers higher wall thickness. Heat balance on bath side gives:
heat transfer rates and ensure close temperature
dJ;,
control. There are some reports on heat transfer - VPh Cph-= hi Ai (~T )In ... (1)
in a limpet coil, also known as half-coil'". An dt
equation has been derived for heat transfer effi-
ciency of a limpet coil comparing it with a jacket- Heat balance on coil side gives:
ed vessel for both unsteady state I and steady qpcCpc(~- ~i)=hoAo(AT)ln ... (2)
state! conditions. The present experiment has hi, obtained from Eq. (1) is corrected for viscos-
been carried out using a half-coil jacket since the ity by wall temperature calculations. The logarith-
data available in such a unit is little.
The experimental set-up and coil geometry
used in the present study are shown in Fig. 1, Table I-Experimental conditions of the present study
while Table 1 shows the experimental conditions. Volume of hot glycerine, V :400 x 10 - 6 m3
The experiments were conducted by varying the Flow rate of cooling water, qx 106 : 1.67-6.00 m3/s
Initial temperature of hot glycerine, Thi : 45-96°C

Thickness of the vessel, Xw : 0.0015 m

Length ofthe limpet coil, L : 1.525 m
AsbHtos lid

Coolant out If coil

Thermocole
Insulation Teflon stirrer
Coolant in laD••• I"'1
Motor control

[-I A
[-2 fl
Speed control [-)
[-8 •
.

d .•10·414mm
Dc Dc-aa-omm
T
P
OI~79-8mm "
L Oi
H~aO-Omm
P"200mm
l7

11
0
,
Coil geometry

Fig. 1- Experimental set-up and coil geometry Fig. 2-Experimental transient temperature data
306 INDIAN J. CHEM. TECHNOL., SEPTEMBER 1994

Table 2-ResuIts on heat transfer film coefficients

E-l q=6.0x 1O-6m3/s; Thi=64.0·C; T.:i=27.0·C; T,.=32.0·C
t. S (~nn' ·C t., ·C h;,W/m2K h", W/m2 K Uoe, W/m2 K
120 47.73 58.9 204.l3 199.30 114.40
240 38.89 53.0 197.97 171.95 \04.02
360 32.29 47.7 169.58 143.36 89.20
480 27.60 45.1 167.89 111.85 76.55
600 23.50 43.0 174.68 87.57 64.34

Table 3-Comparison of experimental and predicted Nusselt number

Expt. No. U"c' W/m2 K De Nllc NlIp E,% % deviation

E-1 89.62 435.00 0.914 0.873 77.40 4.5

E-2 126.55 221.48 1.294 1.223 75.70 5.5
E-3 156.03 125.64 1.582 1.624 74.90 - 2.7
E-4 \05.92 386.65 1.090 0.926 76.50 15.0
E-5 74.33 389.87 0.765 0.922 711.40 - 20.5
E-6 94.68 274.03 0.975 1.099 77.10 - 12.7
E-7 116.18 236.78 1.190 1.183 76.10 0.6

mic mean temperature difference in Eq. (2) IS The corrected inside heat transfer film coefficient,
given by hi is given as

(~T)ln=(1h- 7;,;)-(1h- 7;,)

hi=hj(flh1flhw)o.14 ... (6)
... (3)
The experimental overall heat transfer coefficient
In (1h- 7;,;) based on outside area, Uoe is calculated using the
1h-7;, following equation
The properties p; and Cpc are taken' at the mean 1 1 x, 1
temperature of 4j and maximum 4 for any ex- --=-+---+-- ...(7)
UoeAo hi Ai . KwAw hoAo
periment. The properties Ph and Cph are taken' at
the bath temperature Th at any time, t. In the where A:.
is the logarithmic mean area of the wall.
present study, as a viscous liquid was used inside Table 2 shows the values of hi, ho and U oe- As the
the vessel, the wall temperature was found to be present work involves batch heat transfer study,
different from the bath temperature. Hence, the the time-averaged experimental overall heat trans-
inside heat transfer film coefficient is modified for fer coefficient, [Joe is calculated for each experi-
viscosity correction by multiplying with a factor of ment as follows
(flhl flhw)O.14. The transport property, flhw is taken' M
at the wall temperature, T; which is obtained I ,uoetJ (~t)J
from the heat balance between the wall and hot - J=1
Uoe = ~M""---- ... (8)
liquid, given as
ItJ(~t)J
J-1
... (4)
In all the above calculations an equivalent diame-
For egimation of wall temperature, it is assumed ter for coil side, D eq has been defined using hy-
that Aw equals to Ao. Rearranging the terms in draulic mean radius, rH as follows
Eq. (4) the wall temperature, T; is obtained as

( h;Xw) Th +(~) t,
o; = 4rH = (ll: 2) d ... (9)

x; «o.n Experimental Nusselt number is related to Dean

'" (5)
number as
Nu= 18.2 (Det°.5 ... (10)
 SHORT COMMUNICATION
where Dean number, Deis defined as
De=(De~cV) (%:t 5
... (11)
The power for Dean number in Eq. (10) is ob-
tained from a plot of NUe versus De. Table 3
shows the values of De, [Joe, NUe and Nup which
indicates that the experimental and predicted
Nusselt number are in good agreement with a
standard deviation of 0.104 and a variance of
0.0108. Moreover, the percentage deviation of
each experiment is reported in Table 3. The rela-
tive heat transfer efficiency of half-coil jacket
compared to jacketed vessel, E in the present
study is obtained' using the following equation'
E=!
3
(2+ tanhmLmL) ... (12)
where m2 = [Jol x»;
The values of the efficiency, E (Eq. (12)) are re-
ported in Table 3 with an average efficiency of
77%.
Conclusions-Cooling of a viscous liquid has
been studied experimentally. The viscosity correc-
tion for inside heat transfer film coefficient has
been done using the calculated wall temperature.
The experimental Nusselt number is related to
Dean number as
Nu= 18.2 {De)-O.5
307
Nomenclature
Ai = inside heat transfer area, m2
A'
Ao
Cpc
= cross-sectional area of the limpet, m 2
= heat transfer area on coil side, m?
= specific heat of the coolant, J/kg K
Cph = specific heat of the hot liquid, J/kg K
hi = inside film heat transfer coefficient at any time, t,
W/m2K
hu = outside film heat transfer coefficient at any time, t,
W/m2K
K = thermal conductivity of the coolant, W/m K
K; = thermal conductivity of the glass wall, W/m K
IJ = time corresponding to Jth reading, s
(~/h = time interval between Jth and J- 1 th readings, s
T. = ambient temperature, ·C
Tci = feed temperature of the coolant, ·C
v = average velocity of the coolant (q/A"), m1s
flh = viscosity of the hot liquid at the bath temperature kg/
ms
o; = density of the coolant, kg/rn?
Ph = density of the hot liquid, kg/m"
NUe = experimental Nusselt number ([Joe Dei K)
Nu; = predicted Nusselt number (Eq. (10))
References
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733.
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4 Marzi Maurizio, Ital Chem Process, 17(5) (1989) 43; Chem
Abstr,111 (1989) 156662p.
5 Pavlov K F, Rornankov P G & Noskov A A, Examples and
problems to the course of unit operations of chemical engi-
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