SOAL TOEFL DAN PEMBAHASANNYA Contoh Soal Conditional Sentence dan Pembahasannya

1. Conditional Sentence 1. If the students _____ late to submit the scholarship application to the board,
Conditional sentence atau if clause → suatu kalimat majemuk (complete sentence) they will not be listed as candidates.
yang menyatakan suatu akibat yang diharapkan dari suatu kondisi. A. be
B. are
Kalimat conditional ada tiga,yaitu : C. were
Tipe I : Subject 1 + modal + V1 + complement + if + Subject 2 + Verb1 + D. have
complement
o I will go if he gives me the money. Jawaban : B
o He can pass the exam if he studies hard. Keyword :will not be listed
Tipe I disebut future conditional sentence. Pembahasan : Kalimat ini merupakan kalimat conditional atau pengandaian tipe 1
karena ada kata if dan will + V1. Jadi jawaban yang tepat adalah are karena tense-
Tipe II : Subject 1 + past modal + V1 + complement + if + Subject 2 + Verb2 + nya present.
complement
o I would go if he gave me the money. 2. If your brother ______ here, he ______ us with this works.
I don’t go because he doesn’t give me the money. A. is - would help
Tipe II disebut present conditional sentence. B. was - will help
C. were - will help
Tipe III : Subject 1 + past modal + have + V3 + complement + if + Subject 2 + had + D. were - would help
Verb3 + complement
o I would have gone if he had given me the money. Jawaban : D
I didn’t go because he didn’t give me the money. Keyword :If
Tipe III disebut past conditional sentence. Pembahasan : Pasangan yang tepat untuk melengkapi kalimat tersebut adalah
pilihan D karena sesuai dengan pola pengandaian tipe 2.
Keterangan :
 Pada future conditional sentence, main clause-nya → will, can, must, may, to be 3. Aldo : Did you attend the meeting last Monday?
going to, have to, expect to ditambah kata kerja bentuk pertama (verb 1); kata Fery : I would if I had been invited.
kerja conditional clause-nya dalam bentuk present tense. The underlined utterance means ______.
 Pada present conditional sentence, main clasue-nya → would, could, might, was A. Fery didn’t attend the meeting
going to, expected to ditambah kata kerja bentuk pertama (verb 1); kata kerja B. Fery plans to attend the meeting
pada conditional clause-nya dalam bentuk past present tense. C. Fery knew about the meeting and he attended the meeting
D. Fery was not invited to the meeting but he came

Jawaban : A
Keyword :I would if I had been invited
Pembahasan : Kalimat pada jawaban berarti “Saya mungkin akan datang jika
diundang.” Jadi Fery tidak datang pada pertemuan itu (Fery didn’t attend the
meeting). 7. If Rani were not busy at the moment, she would go out with me, said Maria.
From Maria’s utterance we know that Rani ______ with her.
4. You _____ the job if you were not late to the interview. A. goes
A. would get B. went
B. would be gotten C. didn’t go
C. would have gotten D. doesn’t go
D. would have been gotten
Jawaban : D
Jawaban : A Keyword :would go
Keyword :were not late Pembahasan : Pernyataan tipe 2 jika dijadikan kenyataan berubah menjadi kalimat
Pembahasan : Kalimat ini adalah kalimat pengandaian tipe 2. Polanya adalah If S + dengan menggunakan bentuk present tense, dan jika kalimatnya positif berubah
V2, S + would + V1. menjadi negatif dan sebaliknya.

5. We would get the tickets, ______ 8. ______ her shyness, she would have become a great teacher.
A. Weren’t there so much rush at the cinema A. She had overcome
B. Because there were so much rush at the cinema B. If had she overcome
C. There were not so much rush at the cinema C. If she overcame
D. Although there were so much rush at the cinema D. If she would overcome

Jawaban : D Jawaban : B
Keyword :would get Keyword :would have become
Pembahasan : Kalimat ini adalah kalimat pengandaian tipe 2. Polanya adalah If S + Pembahasan : Kalimat ini adalah pengandaian tipe 3. Polanya adalah If S + had + V3,
V2, S + would + V1. S + would + have + V3.

6. Fortunately you assisted to push the car. If you hadn’t helped him, he ______ 9. If we don’t hurry, the meeting ______ by the time we get there.
with you. A. would have started
A. will get angry B. will have started
B. would have gotten angry C. will be started
C. should angry D. will start
D. would get angry
Jawaban : D
Jawaban : B Keyword :don’t hurry
Keyword :hadn’t helped Pembahasan : Kalimat ini adalah pengandaian tipe 1. Polanya adalah If + S + V1, S +
Pembahasan : Kalimat ini adalah kalimat pengandaian tipe 3. Polanya adalah If S + will + V1.
had + V3, S + would + have + V3.
10. If I had a lot of time, I would study German. Catatan :
From this sentence we know that _____. Jika kata kerja dalam bentuk present ini digabungkan dengan subjek orang ketiga
A. I have a lot of time, so I study German tunggal → ditambah akhiran -s. Ada beberapa aturan dalam mencantumkan akhiran
B. I studied German because I had a lot of time -s ini, yaitu :
C. I want to study German because I have a lot of time 1. Untuk kata kerja pada umumnya, ditambahkan -s. Contoh :
D. I would like to study German, but I don’t have much time o Play >> plays
o Eat >> eats
Jawaban : D o Run >> runs
Keyword :If I had a lot of time, I would study German 2. Untuk kata kerja yang berakhiran -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -z, dan -o, tambahkan -es.
Pembahasan : Kalimat ini adalah kalimat pengandaian tipe 2, yang subjeknya tidak Contoh :
mempunyai kemungkinan untuk mencapai tujuan pengandaiannya. Jadi kita dapat o Catch >> catches
menyimpulkan bahwa I would like to study German, but I don’t have much time. o Miss >> misses
o Fix >> fixes
o Go >> goes
3. Untuk kata kerja yang berakhiran konsonan +y, -y diganti dengan -ies. Contoh :
o Fly >> flies
2. Tense o Cry >> cries
o Hurry >> hurries
Simple Present Tense
Beberapa adverb of time yang sering digunakan → every day, every week, today,
Pola kalimat : Subject + Infinitive (Verb1) + Object tonight, this week, dan lain-lain.
Untuk menyatakan : Selain itu adverb of frequency atau kata keterangan yang menerangkan “seberapa
1. Kebiasaan sehari-hari : sering”, → often, always, generally, usually, seldom, sometimes, dan lain-lain.
o I have breakfast at 7.00.
o I get up early in the morning.
2. Pekerjaan yang sering dilakukan :
o I always visit my grandmother. Present Continuous Tense
o He often comes late. Pola kalimat : Subject + Be (is/am/are) + [Verb1 + ing] + Object
3. Kebenaran umum : o John is reading a book.
o The earth goes round the sun. o I am watching a movie now.
o The river Amazon flows into the Pasific Ocean. o They are playing football.
4. Suatu pernyataan pada saat sekarang : Untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sedang berlangsung pada saat sekarang.
o I love him. Keterangan waktu yang dipakai → now, at present, at this moment, dan lain-lain.
o He likes coffee. Salah satu ciri bentuk continuous adalah penggunaan akhiran -ing pada kata
o John is a clever boy. kerjanya. Ada aturan dalam penggunaan -ing ini, yaitu :
1. Untuk kata kerja pada umumnya, cukup tambahkan -ing. Contoh :
o Watch >> watching
 o Fly >> flying o Jerry has never eaten strawberries before.
o Eat >> eating o We have just finished watching the game.
o Go >> going
2. Untuk kata kerja yang berakhiran -e, maka -e harus dihilangkan sebelum -ing. Untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang telah selesai dilakukan dan hasil pekerjaan
Contoh : itu dapat dilihat pada saat sekarang.
o Love >> loving Juga digunakan ketika kita membicarakan sesuatu kejadian yang dimulai dikerjakan
o Save >> saving pada masa lampau dan hingga sekarang masih berlangsung.
o Argue >> arguing Kata keterangan yang sering digunakan → for, since, today, recently, lately, already,
o Rise >> rising just now, yet, so far, dan lain-lain
3. Untu kata kerja yang berakhiran -ee, -e tidak perlu dihilangkan. Cukup
ditambahkan -ing. Contoh :
o Agree >> agreeing Present Perfect Continuous Tense
o See >> seeing
4. Untuk kata kerja yang berakhiran dengan satu huruf vocal dan satu huruf Pola kalimat : Subject + Have/has + Been + [Verb1 + ing] + Object
konsonan, maka konsonannya didobel sebelum ditambahkan -ing. Contoh : o I have been working on the paper for three hours.
o Sit >> sitting o Sam has been waiting for you since this morning.
o Run >> running o We have been living in this town since 1997.
o Kidnap >> kidnapping Untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang dikerjakan di waktu lampau dan sampai
o Get >> getting sekarang masih berlangsung.
Beberapa kata kerja yang tidak dipakai dalam bentuk present continuous : Kata keterangan yang sering digunakan adalah : since, for.
1. Verbs of sense atau kata kerja yang berkaitan dengan indra. Contohnya see,
hear, smell, notice, recognize.
2. Verbs of emotion atau kata kerja yang berkaitan dengan emosi. Contohnya Simple Past Tense
desire, refuse, forgive, wish, care, hate, adore, like, dislike.
3. Verbs of thinking ata kata kerja yang berkaitan dengan pemikiran. Contohnya Pola kalimat : Subject + Verb2 + Object
feel, realize, understand, know, mean, suppose, believe, expect, remember, o They went to the zoo.
recollect, forget, trust, mind. o Jimmy ate all the apples on the bowl.
4. Verbs of possessing ata kata kerja yang berkaitan dengan kepemilikan. o I saw my uncle at the festival.
Contohnya own, owe, belong, posses.
Jika kalimatnya tidak menggunakan kata kerja, maka pola kalimatnya adalah :
5. Kata-kata kerja lainnya, termasuk seem, appear, contain, consist, keep, concern.
Subject + Be (was/were) + Complements
o I was here last night.
o Ken was a football player before the accident.
Present Perfect Tense o They were late this morning.
Pola kalimat : Subject + Have/Has + Verb3 + Object Untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau.
o My father has just gone home.
Kata keterangan waktu → last, ago, yesterday, just now, last year, two days ago,
dan lain-lain. Selain itu pada kalimat simple past tense sering digunakan kata used
to, untuk menyatakan suatu kebiasaan di waktu lampau yang sekarang tidak
dilakukan lagi.
Contoh : When I was young I used to go school on foot.
Past Continuous Tense
Pola kalimat : Subject + Be (was/were) + [Verb1 + ing] + Object
Bentuk kalimat ini digunakan untuk menyatakan :
1. Dua kejadian yang terjadi di waktu lampau. Satu kejadian sedang berlangsung
sewaktu kejadian yang lain terjadi.
Contoh :
I was watching TV when he phoned me.
(Saya sedang menonton TV saat ia menelepon.)
2. Dua kejadian yang terjadi secara bersamaan di waktu lampau.
Contoh :
While my father was reading a newspaper, my mother was cooking in the
kitchen.
(Saat ayahku sedang membaca koran, ibuku sedang memasak di dapur.)
Past Perfect Tense
Pola kalimat : Subject + Had + Verb3 + Object
Bentuk kalimat ini digunakan untuk menyatakan dua kejadian yang terjadi di waktu
lampau, dimana satu kejadian sudah selesai dikerjakan sewaktu kejadian yang lain
terjadi.
o She had just come after he got there.
(Dia [perempuan] baru saja tiba setelah si laki-laki datang ke sana.)
o I had finished my work when the letter came.
(Aku telah menyelesaikan tugasku saat suratnya datang.)
Kata keterangan yang biasa dipakai → before, after, as soon as, just, already.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Pola kalimat : Subject + Had + Been + [Verb1 + ing] + Object
Untuk menyatakan berapa lama suatu kejadian berlangsung sebelum kejadian
lainnya terjadi.
o They had been playing foot ball for two hours when there was a terrible storm.
o I had been living in Bandung for three years when the war broke out.
Bandingkan :
o How long have you been waiting?
(Berapa lama kamu menunggu?)
o How long had you been waiting when the bus finally came?
(Berapa lama kamu menunggu sampai akhirnya bis datang?)
Simple Future Tense
Pola kalimat : Subject + Shall/Will + Verb1 + Object
Digunakan jika kita membicarakan suatu kejadian yang akan terjadi. Keterangan
waktu → tomorrow, next week, next year, soon, dan lain-lain.
o He will be here tonight.
o We shall (or we will) probably go to Los angeles in June.
Catatan : to be going to = akan
Bandingkan :
o Do you think Tom will get the job?
o We are going to be late.
Kesimpulannya adalah, pemakaian will bisa jadi hanya sekadar perkiraan tetapi to
be going to sudah pasti akan dilaksanakan.
Future Continuous Tense
Pola kalimat : Subject + Shall/Will + Be + [Verb1 + ing] + Object
Untuk menyatakan suatu rencana yang sudah pasti akan dilaksanakan.
Don’t come to my house at 3 o’clock in the afternoon, because I’ll be playing tennis.
(Jangan datang ke rumahku jam 3 sore, karena saya akan sedang bermain tennis.)
 2. ______ discussed before the director proposed it.
A. The economic crisis had been
Future Perfect Tense B. The economic crisis being
Pola kalimat : Subject + Shall/Will + Have + Verb3 + Object C. The economic crisis has already been
Untuk menyatakan suatu rencana yang sudah pasti selesai dikerjakan pada waktu D. The economic crisis is already
tertentu di masa yang akan datang.
X : May I borrow your book tomorrow? Jawaban : A
Y : Sure. I’m sure I will have finished reading it by then Key word : before; proposed
Contoh lainnya : Pembahasan : Kata kerja setelah before merupakan verb bentuk kedua atau past.
o I will have bought a new car, when you come here again next week. Penggunaan before menunjukkan bahwa kata kerja sebelumnya berbentuk past
o By the time I come back from London, I hope Tina will have grown up. perfect (had+verb3).

3. She ______ at me when she saw me at the airport.

A. waves
Future Perfect Continuous Tense B. waved
Pola kalimat : Subject + Shall/Will + Be + [Verb1 + ing] + Object C. is waving
Digunakan jika membicarakan berapa lama suatu kejadian berlangsung sampai D. has waved
dengan waktu yang telah ditentukan di waktu yang akan datang. Jawaban : B
o Betty will have been playing tennis for 7 hours by the end of this day. Key word :when she saw me
o The Brows will have been living in this new house for 18 months next Pembahasan : Kata kerja pada anak kalimat merupakan kata kerja bentuk kedua
September. (saw) jadi kata kerja pada induk kalimat juga harus berbentuk lampau. Satu-satunya
pilihan jawaban yang berbentuk lampau adalah waved.
Contoh Soal Tenses dan Pembahasannya
4. Berta : “Can I have your report soon?”
1. Sari ______ to school with her friends at 06.30 a.m. tomorrow. Jono : “Sure, I ______ it before you go to the meeting.
A. walks A. will finished
B. is going to walk B. will have finished
C. will be walking C. am going to finish
D. will have walked D. am finishing

Jawaban : C
Key word : at 06.30 a.m. tomorrow
Pembahasan : Kalimat ini menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang akan dilakukan di
masa datang, karena ada keterangan waktu at 06.30 a.m. tomorrow, maka tense
yang digunakan adalah future continuous (S+will be+V-ing).
Jawaban : B
Key word :before you go
Pembahasan : Kata kerja setelah before merupakan kata kerja bentuk pertama.
Selain itu penggunaan before menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan pada induk kalimat
akan selesai pada waktu yang ditentukan. Karena itu kata kerja pada induk kalimat
berbentuk future perfect.
 berbentuk present perfect (have+verb3).
5. “When do you plan to get married?”
“After ______ school”. 8. I ______ the street when it began to rain.
A. I finish A. am walking down
B. I finished B. have walked down
C. I am finishing C. have been walking down
D. I have been finished D. was walking down

Jawaban : A Jawaban : D
Key word :plan Key word : when it began to rain
Pembahasan : Berdasarkan keyword, kita dapat menyimpulkan bahwa pekerjaan Pembahasan : Penggunaan when pada kalimat menunjukkan sesuatu yang terjadi
tersebut belum dilakukan (baru rencana) sehingga kata kerja (verb) yang digunakan saat suatu kegiatan sedang dilakukan (continuous). Karena kata kerja pada anak
merupakan kata kerja bentuk pertama. kalimat berbentuk lampau (began), maka kata kerja yang dibutuhkan berbentuk
past continuous (was/were+verb-ing).
6. Mother ______ the food by the time the children come home.
A. cooked 9. The team ______ along the river-bank when they, accidentally, found a big cave.
B. will cook A. were walking
C. has cooked B. are walking
D. will have cooked C. will walk
D. walked
Jawaban : D
Key word :by the time Jawaban : A
Pembahasan : Kata keterangan by the time menunjukkan bahwa kalimat ini Key word :when they…found
berbentuk future perfect tense (will+have+verb3). Pembahasan : Penggunaan when pada kalimat menunjukkan sesuatu yang terjadi
saat suatu kegiatan sedang dilakukan (continuous). Karena kata kerja pada anak
7. The children are watching TV now because they ______ their homework. kalimat berbentuk lampau (found), maka kata kerja yang dibutuhkan berbentuk
A. are doing past continuous (was/were+verb-ing).
B. had done
C. have done 10. Dian and Harris hardly ever join our class discussion, ______?
D. were doing A. did they
B. didn’t they
Jawaban : C C. don’t they
Key word : are watching; because D. do they
Pembahasan : Kalimat secara keseluruhan menyimpulkan ada suatu pekerjaan yang
telah selesai dilakukan. Jadi kata kerja yang dibutuhkan berbentuk perfect. Karena Jawaban : D
kata kerja di induk kalimat berbentuk present, maka kata kerja yang dibutuhkan Key word : hardly ever join
Pembahasan : Kata hardly mengandung makna negatif karena berarti “jarang”. o Tina is a friend of mine.
Karena hardly mengandung makna negatif, maka tag-nya harus berbentuk positif. 5. Reflexive/emphatic pronoun
Selain itu tense yang digunakan pada kalimat pernyataan berbentuk present, maka Yaitu myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, dan themselves.
tag-nya pun harus berbentuk present. Reflexive pronoun digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang tanpa
disadari (gerakan refleks).
Contoh :
o When I was cutting bread, I cut myself.
o She looks at herself in the looking glass.
3. Pronoun Emphatic pronoun self form digunakan untuk menegaskan (to emphasize) arti
Pronoun atau kata ganti adalah kata yang menggantikan kata benda atau frasa kata.
benda. Contoh :
o I myself go to the office. (saya sendiri)
Jenis Pronoun o He himself made the boat. (dialah sendiri)
Ada beberapa jenis pronoun, yaitu : o He made the boat itself. (hanya perahu yang dia buat)
1. Personal pronoun sebagai subjek :
Yaitu I, you, he, she, it, we, dan they. Relative Pronoun
Contoh : Position Person Thing
o I go to school early. Subject who that
o She had breakfast an hour ago. Possessive whose of which the
2. Personal pronoun sebagai objek : Object whom/that that/which
Yaitu me, you, him, her, it, us, dan them. Preposition whom [preposition] which [preposition]
Contoh : Contoh :
o Ali visited me. Subject :
o He went to Jakarta with them. 1. The man is my uncle. He is wearing a cap.
3. Possessive adjective The man who is wearing a cap is my uncle.
Yaitu my, your, his, her, its, our, dan their. 2. The woman is my mother. She went to Mecca.
Possessive adjective bisa berfungsi sebagai objek juga sebagai subjek, tetapi The women who went to Mecca is my mother.
tidak berdiri sendiri. Object :
Contoh : 1. The girl is my friend. I saw her last night.
o My mother went to Mecca. (subjek) The girl whom I saw last night is my friend.
o I visited our grandmother. (objek) 2. The boy is naughty. The teacher punished him.
4. Possessive pronoun The boy whom the teacher punished is naughty.
Yaitu mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, dan theirs. Possessive :
Possessive pronoun merupakan kata ganti kepunyaan yang berdiri sendiri (tidak 1. The girl has left the room. I want to talk to her mother.
diikuti kata benda). The girl whose mother I want to talk to has left the room.
Contoh : Preposition :
o This big house is theirs. 1. The man is generous. I borrowed the car from him.
 The man from whom I borrowed the car is generous. Pembahasan : Kata ganti yang tepat untuk the woman (subjek orang) adalah who.

4. A friend of mine ______ father is the manager of a company helped me to get a

Contoh Soal Pronouns dan Pembahasannya job.
A. whose
1. She would like to live in Indonesia, ______ it never snows. B. whom
A. when C. which
B. where D. who
C. that
D. which Jawaban : A
Keyword : A friend of mine; father
Jawaban : B Pembahasan : Kata yang tepat untuk melengkapi kalimat tersebut adalah whose
Keyword : Indonesia yang berarti “yang …nya” (yang ayahnya).
Pembahasan : Karena Indonesia adalah nama tempat, kata untuk menggantikan
tempat adalah where. 5. Eko : “Which is your mother, Lily?”
Lily : “There she is; the one ______ is coming here.”
2. The man is an engineer. His wife had a birthday party yesterday. A. who
The best combination of the two sentences is ______. B. whom
A. The wife who is an engineer had a birthday party yesterday C. which
B. The wife who had a birthday party yesterday is an engineer D. whose
C. The man whose wife had a birthday party yesterday is an engineer
D. The man whose wife is an engineer had a birthday party yesterday Jawaban : A
Keyword : she
Jawaban : C Pembahasan : Kata the one merujuk pada your mother yang berfungsi sebagai
Keyword : His wife subjek dalam kalimat. Kata ganti subjek orang adalah who.
Pembahasan : Kata ganti kepunyaan adalah whose. Jadi pilihan yang tepat adalah
The man whose wife had a birthday party yesterday is an engineer. 6. Mary introduced me to her former lecturer _____ she married after she had
graduated.
3. Tari : Why do you admire Mother Teresa so much? A. of whom
Susi : Don’t you know that she was the woman ______. B. whose
A. that she didn’t recognize me C. of which
B. who dedicated her life to the poor D. whom
C. whom the governor met at the party
D. of which house was very expensive Jawaban : D
Keyword : her former lecturer; she married
Jawaban : B Pembahasan : Kata ganti whom digunakan untuk menggantikan objek orang (her
Keyword : the woman former lecturer).
 A. Which by Pearl Buck
7. Angiosperms inhabit relatively diverse environments and may be found _____ B. Which was written by Pearl Buck
higher plants can survive. C. Was written by Pearl Buck
A. There D. Pearl Buck being the one who wrote it
B. Wherever
C. Somewhere Jawaban : B
D. Then Keyword : The Good Earth
Pembahasan : Karena menerangkan The Good Earth yang merupakan judul
Jawaban : B novel/nama benda, maka relative pronoun yang digunakan adalah which.
Keyword : may be found
Pembahasan : Karena mengacu pada diverse environments yang menunjukkan
tempat, maka pilihan yang tepat adalah wherever.

8. _____ hardiness, daylilies can be cultivated particularly easily. 4. Conjunction

A. Their Conjunction atau konjungsi adalah kata penghubung, yaitu kata-kata yang
B. Since their digunakan di dalam kalimat yang berfungsi untuk menghubungkan klausa atau
C. It is their bagian dari kalimat, baik itu berupa argument (pendapat) maupun berupa event
D. Because of their (kejadian). Berikut adalah beberapa contoh konjungsi :
Addition
Jawaban : D o And = dan
Keyword : hardiness o Besides = selain itu
Pembahasan : Karena mengacu pada daylilies yang berbentuk jamak, maka kata o Both…and… = baik… maupun… (untuk kalimat positif)
ganti yang digunakan adalah their. o Nor…neither… = baik… maupun… (untuk kalimat negatif)
o Either…or… = baik… maupun… (untuk kalimat positif dan negatif)
9. The spiral threads of a spider’s web have sticky substance on them _____ insects. o Further = lebih jauh
A. Traps o Furthermore = lebih jauh lagi
B. Trap its o Moreover = terlebih
C. Which traps o Additionally = sebagai tambahan
D. Which it traps Comparison
o As if = seolah-olah
Jawaban : C o While = sementara itu
Keyword : sticky substance o Instead of = daripada
Pembahasan : Kata ganti yang dibutuhkan merujuk pada sticky substance. Karena o Conversely = sebaliknya
rujukannya adalah benda, maka kata yang tepat adalah which. o By contrast = kontrasnya
o In fact = kenyataannya
10. The Good Earth, _____ is a novel set in China. o Indeed = memang
o At least = paling tidak
o On the other hand = sebaliknya Kata-kata konjungsi di atas ada kalanya diikuti oleh klausa, namun dapat juga diikuti
Time oleh frasa.
o After = setelah Contoh :
o Since = sejak  Meskipun
o Before = sebelum o Although
o Once = ketika o Though (diikuti klausa)
o As soon as = sesegera o Even though
o Previously = sebelumnya My brother keeps going to school although It rains heavily.
o Firstly = pertama-tama S P K
o Secondly = kedua o In spite of
o At the same time = pada waktu yang sama o Despite (diikuti frasa)
o Lastly = terakhir Despite the heavy rain, she goes to school on foot.
Cause Frasa
o Because = karena  Karena
o Therefore = oleh karena itu o Because
o Although = meskipun o As
o Even though = meskipun o Since (diikuti klausa)
o But = tetapi o For
o However = bagaimanapun/tetapi He did not attend the meeting because his mother is sick (klausa)
Means S P O
o Thus = jadi o Because of
Condition o Due to (diikuti frasa)
o If = jika o Owing to
o Provided that = asalkan He did not attend the meeting because his sick mother
o As long as = selama Frasa
o Even if = sekalipun  Agar
o Unless = kecuali o In other that → diikuti klausa
Purpose We must study hard in order that we pass the exam
o So that = sehingga S P O
o In order to = agar o In order to → diikuti frasa
o Without = tanpa We must study hard in order to be clever
Consequence Frasa
o Of course = tentu saja
o Still = tetap
o Admittedly = terus terang, tak dapat disangkal Contoh Soal Conjuction dan Pembahasannya
Catatan :
1. Learning to play a musical instrument often motivates a child to be disciplined A. although
and focused, ______ it can impart a feeling of social worth. B. as soon as
A. because C. after
B. and D. because
C. so
D. moreover Jawaban : A
Keyword : continued playing; his mother calling
Jawaban : D Pembahasan : Kalimat tersebut merupakan kalimat pertentangan sehingga yang
Keyword : often motivates tepat adalah although (meskipun).
Pembahasan : Kalimat tersebut menunjukkan penyangatan (moreover = terlebih).
5. The concept of lift in aerodynamics refers to the relationship among the
2. ______ the bad weather, he still chooses to go by air plane. increased speed of air over the top of a wing and the higher pressure of the slower
A. Although air underneath.
B. However
C. Despite Jawaban : B
D. While Keyword : the relationship among; and
Pembahasan : Karena menunjukkan hubungan di antara dua hal, maka kata
Jawaban : C sambung yang tepat adalah between, bukan among.
Keyword : the bad weather
Pembahasan : Kalimat ini menunjukkan sesuatu yang berlawanan, jadi pilihannya 6. The farmers exterminate rodents in their farmland ______ they damage the
adalah despite. crops.

3. The play performed by Theater EMWE was good, _____ it could have been A. if
improved by adding the sound effects. B. though
A. thus C. however
B. and D. as
C. but if
D. or Jawaban : D
Keyword : exterminate rodents; they damage
Jawaban : C Pembahasan : Kalimat di atas berarti “Petani membasmi hewan pengerat di tanah
Keyword : it could have been improved pertanian mereka … binatang itu merusak tanaman.” Jadi kata sambung yang tepat
Pembahasan : Arti kalimat tersebut adalah “Drama yang dimainkan oleh Teater adalah karena (as), karena pilihan jawaban yang lain adalah jika (if), meskipun
EMWE bagus, _____ dapat diperbaiki dengan menambahkan efek suara.” Jadi kata (though), dan akan tetapi (however).
sambung yang tepat adalah but (tetapi).
7. ______ the global economy crisis, many labors lost their job.
4. Yosi continued playing game ______ he heard his mother calling. A. because of
B. because
 C. despite D. farmers had tractors
D. in spite of
Jawaban : D
Jawaban : A Keyword : before
Keyword : the global economy crisis Pembahasan : Klausa kedua berbentuk past tense (used), karena itu klausa pertama
Pembahasan : Dari kalimat tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa klausa kedua juga harus berbentuk past tense yaitu had.
merupakan akibat dari klausa pertama. Jadi kata yang tepat adalah because of.

8. It is generally considered unwise to give a child ______ he or she wants.

A. that
B. whatever that 5. Modal
C. whatever is it Modal adalah kata kerja bantu atau auxiliary verb atau helping verb, yang terdiri
D. whatever dari : shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, must, ought to, need, dare,
dan used to.
Jawaban : D Kata-kata tersebut ditempatkan sebelum kata kerja (verb) atau sesudah subjek.
Keyword : to give a child 1. Modal Shall
Pembahasan : Ini adalah contoh kalimat afektif. Karena itu kata sambung yang tepat Dipakai untuk:
adalah whatever. 1) Menyatakan future dengan subjek I atau we
Contoh: I shall leave for America tomorrow.
9. Since there are many complaints about the new products, the company _____ 2) Janji
the products now. Contoh : You shall have a motorbike.
A. is recalling 3) Ancaman
B. recalls Contoh : You shall be punished if you do that.
C. recalled 2. Modal Should
D. has recalled Dipakai untuk:
1) Bentuk lampau dari shall, jika berada pada anak kalimat
Jawaban : A 2) Mengandung arti “seharusnya” dalam bentuk present
Keyword : now 3) Mengandung arti “sebaiknya” (suggestion)
Pembahasan : Penggunaan kata keterangan now menunjukkan bahwa kalimat ini o I said that I should leave.
berbentuk present continous tense. Karena itu jawaban yang menunjukkan tense o You should obey your parents.
ini adalah is recalling. o If you are tired, you should take a rest.
3. Modal Will
10. Before ______, they used horse-drawn wooden carts. Dipakai untuk :
A. farmers have had tractors 1) Bentuk future
B. tractors owned by farmers Contoh : I will go to Jakarta tomorrow.
C. having tractors farmers 2) Menyatakan janji
Contoh : I will come to your house if it doesn’t rain.
 3) Polite request 2) Probability (kemungkinan)
Contoh : Will you open the window please! Contoh : She might be late (mungkin)
4. Modal Would 9. Modal Must
Dipakai untuk : Mengandung arti :
1) Bentuk past dari will jika berada pada anak kalimat 1) Harus
Contoh : Contoh : You must study hard.
o He says he will come. 2) Pasti
o He said he would come. Contoh : Andi bought a new car, he must be rich.
2) Polite request 10. Modal Need
o Would you open the door, please? Dapat dipakai :
3) Menunjukkan keinginan want jika beriringan dengan like (would like = want) 1) Sebagai kata kerja biasa
o Would you like a cup of tea? = Do you want a cup of tea? Contoh : Do you need a new book?
5. Modal Can 2) Sebagai kata kerja bantu
Mengandung arti : Contoh : Need to go to soon?
1) Ability dalam bentuk present 11. Modal PERFECT (Subject + Modal + Have + Verb 3 + Object etc.)
Contoh : I can speak English. 1) Misal :
2) Permission I could have lifted the box just now.
Contoh : Can I go out? = Saya bisa mengangkat peti itu (tetapi tidak saya lakukan).
6. Modal Could Artinya suatu kemampuan di waktu lampau yang tidak dikerjakan.
Mengandung arti : 2) Misal :
1) Bentuk lampau dari can jika berada pada anak kalimat. He might have gone by train early this morning.
Contoh : I said that I could go with you. = Mungkin dia pergi dengan kereta api tadi pagi.
2) Ability dalam bentuk lampau. Artinya suatu kemungkinan di waktu lampau.
Contoh : When I was young I could play tennis well. 3) Misal :
3) Permission (izin yang lebih halus dari can) It must have rained last night.
Contoh : Could I borrow your pen? = Pasti tadi malam hujan (terbukti dengan jalan yang basah, misalnya).
7. Modal May Suatu kesimpulan atau kepastian di waktu lampau.
Mengandung arti : 4) Misal :
1) Permission (izin) I would have returned your bicycle.
Contoh : May I go home now? (Bolehkah…..) = Saya ingin mengembalikan sepedamu (tetapi tidak bisa).
2) Possibility (kemungkinan) Suatu keinginan yang tidak terpenuhi.
Contoh : He may came late (mungkin) 5) Misal :
8. Modal Might I should have given some money.
Mengandung arti : = Seharusnya saya memberi dia uang (tetapi tidak saya lakukan).
1) Bentuk lampau dari may jika berada pada anak kalimat. Suatu keharusan yang tidak terpenuhi.
Contoh : He said that he might go home (boleh)
Contoh Soal Modal dan Pembahasannya
4. Berta : “Can I have your report soon?”
1. Look at this street, it is very muddy, it ______ have rained heavily last night. Jono : “Sure, I ______ it before you go to the meeting.
A. will A. will finished
B. would B. will have finished
C. could C. am going to finish
D. must D. am finishing

Jawaban : D Jawaban : B
Key word : muddy; last night Key word : before you go
Pembahasan : Pada kalimat terdapat kata muddy (berlumpur) dan frasa rained Pembahasan : Frasa before you go to the office (sebelum kau pergi ke kantor)
heavily last night (hujan deras tadi malam) yang merupakan dugaan penyebab menunjukkan prediksi atas aktivitas yang terjadi di masa yang akan datang. Namun
berlumpurnya jalan itu. Jadi rained heavily last night menjadi kepastian (must). penggunaan before juga menunjukkan suasana future perfect (telah selesai
dilakukan di masa yang akan datang).
2. The child ate up all the meal we had served. He ______ very hungry.
A. will have been 5. Dina : Roni, that is the most popular book nowadays.
B. could have been Roni : Oh yes. It must have been written by a distinguished professor.
C. must have been From the dialogue we know that indeed a distinguished professor ______ that
D. would have been book.
A. wrote
Jawaban : C B. would write
Key word : ate up all; very hungry C. should write
Pembahasan : Pada kalimat dikatakan si anak memakan semua masakan yang D. planned to write
dihidangkan. Karena itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa anak itu pasti (must) sangat
kelaparan. Jawaban : A
Key word : It must have been written
3. Alfred visited some countries in Asia, Europe and America. He bought luxurious Pembahasan : Frasa pada kata kunci menunjukkan bahwa proses penulisan buku ini
things for his wife and children. He ______ a lot of money. telah selesai. Satu-satunya pilihan jawaban yang menunjukkan proses itu telah
A. could have selesai adalah wrote (dalam bentuk lampau).
B. would have
C. ought have 6. Mom and Dad just left for the airport twenty minutes ago, so they _____ there
D. must have had yet.
A. can’t have gotten
Jawaban : D B. shouldn’t have gotten
Key word : bought luxurious things C. had better have gotten
Pembahasan : Frasa bought luxurious things (membeli barang-barang mahal) sudah D. could have gotten
pasti (must) dikaitkan dengan mempunyai banyak uang (a lot of money).
Jawaban : B C. must have
Key word : just; so D. must
Pembahasan : Frasa just left berarti “baru saja pergi”. Kata sambung so
menunjukkan kesimpulan bahwa Ibu dan Ayah pastinya belum akan sampai di Jawaban : A
bandara (shouldn’t have gotten). Key word : assumes; during the past
Pembahasan : Kata assume (menduga) mempunyai nuansa kepastian. Karena
7. Although research scientists had hoped that the new drug interferon _____ to be menyatakan suatu kepastian yang terjadi di waktu lampau maka polanya adalah
a cure for cancer, its applications now appear to be more limited. must have + V3.
A. prove
B. had proven
C. would prove 10. The man standing over there asked me whether he _____ the flowers from my
D. will prove garden.
A. took
Jawaban : C B. might take
Key word : had hoped C. ought to take
Pembahasan : Karena pada anak kalimat terdapat harapan dalam bentuk past D. would take
perfect (had hoped), maka induk kalimatnya pasti berbentuk past future (would
prove). Jawaban : B
Key word : asked me; whether
8. Henry will not able to attend the meeting tonight because _____ Pembahasan : Kalimat tersebut menunjukkan permintaan izin dari laki-laki
A. he must to teach a class tersebut. Karena kalimat ini berbentuk lampau, maka pilihan yang tepat adalah
B. he will be teaching a class might take.
C. of he will teach a class
D. he will have teaching a class

Jawaban : B
Key word : because 6. Passive Voice
Pembahasan : Setelah kata sambung because kita membutuhkan klausa. Dari Passive Voice atau Kalimat pasif adalah kalimat yang objek dari kalimat aktifnya
pilihan jawaban yang ada, (A) tidak tepat karena must tidak diikuti to, (C) diawali menjadi subjek pada kalimat pasif.
dengan of, dan bentuk will have teaching pada (D) tidak tepat. Satu-satunya yang Pola kalimatnya : Subject + to be + past participle
berpola benar adalah he will be teaching a class. 1. Simple Present :
Aktif : He drinks a cup of coffee.
9. The Theory of Continental Drift assumes that there _____ long-term climatic Pasif : A cup of coffee is drunk (by him).
changes in many areas during the past. 2. Simple Past :
A. must have been Aktif : He drank a cup off coffee.
B. must be Pasif : A cup of coffee was drunk (by him).
3. Simple Future :
 Aktif : I will visit my grandmother. 1. ‘’The boys have been told the good news.” It means ______.
Pasif : My grandmother will be visited (by me). A. The good news was told to the boys.
4. Present Continuous : B. Somebody has told the boys the good news.
Aktif : I am writing a letter. C. The good news has been told by the boys.
Pasif : A letter is being written (by me). D. The boys have told the good news.
5. Present Perfect :
Aktif : I have done my homework. Jawaban : B
Pasif : My homework has been done (by me). Keyword : have been told
6. Present Perfect Continuous : Pembahasan : Berdasarkan bentuk polanya, kalimat ini adalah bentuk pasif present
Aktif : I have been studying English. perfect tense. Jadi kalimat aktifnya adalah Somebody has told the boys the good
Pasif : English has been being studied (by me). news.
7. Modals : Subject + modals + be + V3
Aktif : I can finish my work on time. 2. The meeting was supposed to be held yesterday, but it has been ______ to next
Pasif : My work can be finished on time (by me). Thursday.
A. taken off
Contoh kalimat pasif dalam pola negatif : B. worn off
1. He doesn’t clean his rooms. [aktif] C. put off
His rooms are not cleaned (by him). [pasif] D. called off
2. I haven’t done my work. [by him]. [aktif]
My work has not been done by me. [pasif] Jawaban : C
Contoh kalimat pasif dalam pola interogatif : Keyword : supposed to be held yesterday
1. Doesn’t she buy some foods? [aktif] Pembahasan : Kalimat ini bermakna sesuatu yang ditunda. Pilihan jawaban dan
Aren’t some foods bought by her? [pasif] maknanya adalah taken off (diambil), worn off (luntur), put off (ditunda), dan called
2. Did he sell his car? [aktif] off (dibatalkan). Jadi pilihan yang tepat adalah put off.
Was his car sold by him? [pasif]
3. The proposal ______ discussed when I called the office this morning.
Bila kalimat aktif terdiri dari induk kalimat dan anak kalimat, yang dipasifkan bisa A. was being
pada induk kalimatnya, bisa juga pada anak kalimatnya. B. been
Contoh : C. being
1. He says that Andi is a clever student [aktif] D. have been
2. It is said that Andi is a clever student [pasif]
3. Andi is said to be a clever student [pasif] Jawaban : A
Keyword : when I called
Pembahasan : Tense pada anak kalimat berupa past, jadi tense pada induk
Contoh Soal Passive Voice dan Pembahasannya kalimatnya juga harus berupa past yaitu was being.
4. Black, red, and even bright pink diamonds _____ B. Completely was burned
A. Occasionally to find C. It was burned completely
B. Occasionally found D. Completely burned it
C. Have occasionally been found
D. Have occasionally found Jawaban : A
Keyword : the city of Atlanta
Jawaban : C Pembahasan : Karena pada soal sudah ada subjek dan kalimat tersebut bermakna
Keyword : diamonds pasif, maka jawaban yang paling sesuai adalah was completely burned.
Pembahasan : Kalimat ini merupakan kalimat pasif.
8. The Supreme Court does not hear a case unless _____, except those involving
5. Many books _____, but one of the best is “How to Win Friends and Influence foreign ambassadors.
People” by Dale Carniegie. A. A trial
A. Have written about success B. Already tried
B. Written about success C. It already trying
C. Have been written about success D. It has already been tried
D. About successful
Jawaban : D
Jawaban : C Keyword : unless
Keyword : Many books Pembahasan : Kata unless harus diikuti klausa. Selain itu dari pola kalimatnya
Pembahasan : Kalimat ini memerlukan predikat dan bentuknya pasif. diketahui bahwa kalimat ini merupakan kalimat pasif. Karena itu jawaban yang
dibutuhkan adalah it has already been tried.
6. _____ were first viewed through telescope by Galileo.
A. Jupiter has four moons 9. _____ occasions for congratulations.
B. Jupiter’s four moons A. Birthdays that usually considered
C. Jupiter surrounded by four moons B. Usually considering birthdays
D. Surrounded by four moons, Jupiter C. Birthdays are usually considered
D. That considered birthdays usually
Jawaban : B
Keyword : were first viewed Jawaban : C
Pembahasan : Pada kalimat sudah ada kata kerja (verb) jadi kalimat ini hanya Keyword : occasions
membutuhkan subjek. Selain itu kata kerja yang ada (were) adalah kata kerja untuk Pembahasan : Kalimat ini merupakan kalimat pasif yang belum ada subjek dan
subjek jamak. Jadi pilihan yang tepat adalah Jupiter’s four moons. predikatnya. Maka jawaban yang paling sesuai adalah birthdays are usually
considered.
7. In November of 1863, the city of Atlanta _____ during Sherman’s famous “March
to the Sea”.
A. Was completely burned 10. Electron storage rings _____ in investigations of the structure of materials.
A. They are used
 B. That are used o I had forgotten it completely.
C. Used E. Adverb of frequency ditempatkan sebelum kata kerja atau sesudah auxiliary
D. Are used verb.
o I always come late.
Jawaban : D o He always at home on Sunday.
Keyword : rings
Pembahasan : Kalimat ini sudah ada subjek yang berbentuk jamak (electron storage
rings), karena itu yang dibutuhkan adalah predikat untuk subjek jamak (are used). Contoh Soal Word Order dan Pembahasannya

1. The bills are folded in an origami style in a ______.

A. three-dimensionals frame
B. three-dimensional frame
7. Word Order C. three-dimensional-frame
Word order adalah aturan menyusun kata-kata agar menjadi kalimat sempurna. D. three-frames dimensional

Polanya adalah : S + Verb + Object + Adv of Manner + Adv of Place + Adv of Time Jawaban : B
Contoh : Keyword :in a
Our teacher spoke to us very rudely in the class yesterday. Pembahasan : Karena three-dimensional merupakan adjective (kata sifat) yang
S V O Manner Place Time menerangkan noun (frame), maka tidak boleh berbentuk jamak dan tanda hubung
Catatan : hanya digunakan untuk menghubungkan rangkaian adjective.
A. Adverb of time bisa disimpan di awal kalimat, bisa juga disimpan di akhir
kalimat. 2. Those football matches will be ______ on television tonight.
o Yesterday I visited her. A. internationally broadcasting
o I visited her yesterday. B. broadcasted international
B. Adverb of place selalu disimpan di akhir kalimat. C. internationally broadcasted
o I read a book in the library. D. broadcasting international
C. Adverb of manner dalam intransitive verb (kata kerja yang tidak menghendaki
objek). Jawaban : C
o I slept soundly. Keyword :will be
o He studies hard. Pembahasan : Bentuk will be selalu diikuti oleh participle. Kata kerja diterangkan
D. Adverb of manner dalam transitive verb (kata kerja yang menghendaki objek). oleh adverb yang berakhiran –ly. Karena itu jawaban yang tepat adalah
o He speaks English well. internationally broadcasted.
o She sings a song melodiously.
Adverb of manner dengan akhiran -ly yang digunakan dengan transitive verb 3. The Whitney Boomerang is the first ______ which exceeds all crash testing
dapat ditempatkan setelah subjek maupun di akhir. requirements.
o I had completely forgotten it. A. two seater aircraft
 B. two-seater aircraft C. lattest
C. two seaters aircraft D. later
D. two-sealers aircraft
Jawaban : A
Jawaban : B Keyword :woke up
Keyword :the first Pembahasan : Yang dibutuhkan di sini adalah adverb (kata keterangan) untuk
Pembahasan : Kumpulan kata sifat harus disambung dengan tanda hubung (-) dan menerangkan verb (woke up). Sebagian besar adverb menggunakan -ly, tapi ada
tak boleh jamak (diimbuhi –s). kata tertentu yang bentuk adverb-nya sama dengan bentuk adjective-nya, misalnya
hard, fast, dan late. Lately berarti ”sekarang ini” jadi maknanya berbeda dengan
4. There will be ______ in this town next two days. kata late (”terlambat”). Karena itu lately bukan adverb dari late.
A. an essential five days convention
B. an essential-five-day convention 7. Not only _____ a good thing; he did the right thing.
C. an essential-five-days convention A. Did Sam do
D. essential five days convention B. Will Sam do
C. Sam did
Jawaban : B D. Sam do
Keyword :there will be
Pembahasan : Kumpulan kata sifat harus disambung dengan tanda hubung (-) dan Jawaban : C
tak boleh jamak (diimbuhi –s). Keyword :Not only
Pembahasan : Ini merupakan kalimat inversi karena ada kata bermakna negatif di
5. Not only ______ the best student in his school, but he also receives a scholarship. awal kalimat (not only) jadi polanya dibalik (harus ada to be/kata bantu/modals
A. Markus becomes sebelum subjek). Maka jawaban yang benar adalah Sam did karena tense yang
B. did Markus become digunakan dalam kalimat tersebut adalah past tense (perhatikan klausa he did the
C. does Markus become right thing).
D. Markus becoming
8. Thomas Alfa Edison invented _____.
Jawaban : C A. electric lights
Keyword :Not only B. the electric lights
Pembahasan : Ini merupakan kalimat inversi karena ada kata bermakna negatif di C. an electric lights
awal kalimat (not only) jadi polanya dibalik (harus ada to be/kata bantu/modals D. electric light
sebelum subjek). Maka jawaban yang benar adalah does Markus karena tense yang
digunakan dalam kalimat tersebut adalah present tense (perhatikan kata receives). Jawaban : A
Keyword :invented
6. She woke up ______ this morning because of studying hard in the previous night. Pembahasan : Objek yang dibutuhkan dalam kalimat ini tidak spesifik.
A. late
B. lately 9. ______, Airlangga University has a well-respected medical school.
A. As university
 B. As Public university = I am sorry I am not happy now.
C. As the university B. Past Subjunctive
D. As a Public university Sedangkan wish + (that) subject dalam bentuk past perfect digunakan
untuk past subjunctive.
Jawaban : D o I wish (that) I hadn’t spent much money.
Keyword :Airlangga University
Pembahasan : Walaupun subjeknya spesifik, namun yang dibandingkan adalah
Airlangga University sebagai public university. Karena itu article yang digunakan = I was sorry I spent much money.
adalah a. o I wish I had been rich.
= I was sorry I wasn’t rich.
10. There are only 90 questions in this test, _____?
A. did there Contoh-contoh kalimat subjunctive
B. didn’t there 1) He is sitting quietly as if he were exhausted.
C. don’t there 2) If only he had eaten many apples yesterday.
D. aren’t there 3) I would rather you came back now.
4) Suppose I got there early.
Jawaban : D 5) He laughs loudly as though nothing happened.
Keyword :are 6) I wish I could speak English well.
Pembahasan : Kalimat pernyataannya berbentuk positif present tense. Jadi tag-nya
present dan negatif. 2. Soal Preferance (Pilihan)
Sedangkan Preferance adalah ungkapan untuk menyatakan pilihan atau
kesukaan. Biasanya dinyatakan dalam struktur kalimat-kalimat berikut.
o Prefer ……….to………
o Like ……….better than……….
8. Subjunvtive and Preferance o Would rather………than……….
1. Soal Subjunctive o Would prefer………rather than………
Subjunctive digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu keinginan atau keadaan yang
tak terpenuhi atau untuk menyatakan situasi yang bertentangan dengan fakta. Jika pilihannya kata benda :
Ada dua bentuk subjunctive, yaitu present subjunctive dan past subjunctive. o I prefer apples to oranges.
Beberapa kata yang menunjukkan subjunctive → wish, if only, would rather, as o I like apples better than oranges.
if, as though, suppose, atau would rather. o I would rather have apples than oranges.
A. Present Subjunctive o I would prefer tea rather than coffee.
Kata kerja yang digunakan dalam bentuk present subjunctive adalah kata Jika pilihannya kata kerja :
kerja ke-2, sedang to be yang digunakan adalah were untuk semua subjek. o I prefer dancing to singing.
o I wish I knew his address now. o I like dancing better than singing.
= I am sorry I don’t know his address now. o I would rather dance than sing.
o I wish I were happy now.
o I would prefer to dance rather than sing. C. she definitely knew how to solve the problem
D. She should know how to solve the problem

Soal Subjunctive and Preference dan Pembahasannya Jawaban : A

1. I’m planning to go to a party tonight, but it’s raining very hard now. I wish Key word :as if she knew how to solve the problem
______. Pembahasan : Pernyataan as if she knew berarti “seakan-akan ia tahu”. Jadi ini
A. it stops menandakan orang tersebut sebenarnya tidak tahu cara menyelesaikan soal
B. it will stop tersebut.
C. it would stop
D. it has stopped 4. I am sorry I cannot go to the airport to see your mother off. I wish I _____ to
work overtime tonight.
Jawaban : C A. wouldn’t have
Key word :now B. haven’t had
Pembahasan : Karena harapannya diungkapkan untuk keterangan waktu C. don’t have
tonight (nanti malam) maka kalimat ini termasuk present subjunctive. Jadi kata D. won’t have
kerjanya adalah would.
Jawaban : A
2. Rust can deteriorate a steel pipe to such an extent that it will snap easily _____ it Key word :tonight
were a twig. Pembahasan : Pengharapan yang dinyatakan merupakan bentuk present
A. if subjunctive sehingga menggunakan kata kerja would.
B. unless
C. as though 5. Being an outgoing person, Andrew _____ his time with friends on Saturday nights
D. although than stay at home.
A. might be spending
Jawaban : C B. would rather spend
Key word :will snap easily C. could have spent
Pembahasan : Klausa it were a twig menandakan kalimat ini adalah D. ought to have spent
kalimat conditional atau subjunctive karena hanya dalam bentuk-bentuk inilah it
dapat disandingkan dengan were. Dalam kalimat yang dibandingkan adalah steel Jawaban : B
pipe (pipa baja), snap (patah), dan twig (ranting). Jadi pilihan yang tepat untuk Key word :than
perbandingan ini adalah as though (seolah-olah). Pembahasan : Dalam preference kata than berpasangan dengan would rather.

3. She went to the blackboard as if she knew how to solve the problem. The 6. “Why don’t you ask your sister to come along with us to the movie?”
underlined words mean ... “I did, but she _____ stay at home.”
A. She actually can’t solve the problem A. used to
B. She ought to know how to solve the problem B. could
 C. might increase in the rate of unemployment. Today people wish the local government
D. would rather _____ first priority to the solution of this problem.
A. gives
Jawaban : D B. would give
Key word :ask your sister to come along; stay at home C. had given
Pembahasan : Percakapan di atas menunjukkan bahwa si saudara perempuan lebih D. will give
memilih stay at home daripada to come along to the movie. Karena itu untuk
menyatakan pilihan (preference) kata yang tepat adalah would rather. Jawaban : B
Key word : Today
7. “Tita, are you going to see the dentist this afternoon?” Pembahasan : Penggunaan kata today menunjukkan bahwa di sini kita
“I wish I didn’t have to.” membutuhkan present subjunctive. Karena itu kata kerja yang dibutuhkan
We may conclude that _____ to the dentist. adalah kata kerja bentuk kedua yaitu would.
A. she doesn’t have to go
B. she needs to go 10. My sister acted as if she were the actress.
C. she is willing to go This sentence means _________
D. she has gone A. She is an actress
B. She was an actress
Jawaban : B C. She is not an actress
Key word :I wish I didn’t have to D. She was not an actress
Pembahasan : Klausa I wish I didn’t have to bermakna “Kuharap aku tidak harus
pergi”. Kalimat ini berimplikasi bahwa walaupun ia tidak ingin pergi, ia diharuskan Jawaban : C
pergi (she needs to go). Key word :as if she were the actress
Pembahasan : Klausa as if she were the actress bermakna “seakan-akan ia adalah
8. “You didn’t like the horror film you saw yesterday, did you?” aktris”, padahal dalam kenyataannya bukan. Jadi sebenarnya ia bukan seorang
“You’re right. I really wish____” aktris.
A. I did not see it
B. I would not see it
C. I had not seen it
D. I have not seen it
9. Dependent and Independent Clause
Jawaban : C
Key word :you saw yesterday Dependent clause, disebut juga subclause atau anak kalimat, adalah kalimat yang
Pembahasan :Klausa you saw yesterday menunjukkan bahwa di sini kita tidak bisa berdiri sendiri, jadi bergantung kepada induk kalimatnya atau main
membutuhkan past subjunctive. Bentuk subjunctive ini membutuhkan kata kerja clause. Sedangkan independent clause atau induk kalimat adalah kalimat yang dapat
dalam bentuk past perfect yaitu had not seen. berdiri sendiri.

9. The past few years in the last decade the rate of crime has been high due to the Contoh dependent dan independent clause :
a. She said to me that she had ever been to Bali. D. she came late
o She said to me → dependent clause
o That she had ever been to Bali → independent clause Jawaban : B
b. If you invite me, I will come. Keyword :asked; did
o If you invite me → dependent clause Pembahasan : Dalam reported speech, past tense berubah menjadi past perfect
o I will come → independent clause tense. Kata why yang diletakkan di dalam suatu kalimat dengan menggunakan kata
c. It don’t know how to understand English. kerja lampau harus diikuti S + P dengan kata kerja bentuk lampau pula.
o I don’t know → independent clause
o How to understang English → dependent clause 2. Customer : Excuse me. Could you show me where the fitting room is?
d. It was a mystery why he was shot dead. Shop assistant : Sure, it is over there.
o It was a mystery → independent clause. Customer : _____.
o Why he was shot dead → dependent clause A. Does this one suit me
e. The man whom I met last night is my uncle. B. Will you try this one on
o The man is my uncle → independent clause. C. Can I have this one, please
o Whom I met last night → dependent clause. D. Could you tell me how much it costs

Keterangan : Jawaban : D
1. Apabila induk kalimatnya past tense maka anak kalimat (dependent clause-nya) Keyword :customer
boleh present future ataupun past tense. Pembahasan : Karena bentuk pertanyaan sudah diwakili dengan could you tell me
2. Apabila induk kalimatnya past tense maka anak kalimatnya pun harus past maka setelah kata how much harus diikuti kalimat (S + P).
tense. Past tense yang dimaksud adalah simple past, past continuous ataupun
past perfect. 3. Kiranti said to Tono, “Did you finish your homework?”
3. Dependent clause selalu dimulai oleh kata-kata seperti if, that, when, how, Kiranti asked Tono ______.
where, why, which etc., sedangkan independent clause langsung dimulai subjek. A. whether he finished his homework
4. Kalimat yang terdapat pada dependent clause tidak boleh berbentuk kalimat B. whether he has finished his homework
tanya (lihat contoh pada poin c-d). C. if he finished his homework
5. Jika di akhir kalimat dependent dan independent ada tanda tanya, maka yang D. if he had finished his homework
berbentuk kalimat tanya adalah pada independent clause-nya.
Jawaban : D
Keyword : said; did you finish
Soal Dependent and Independent Clause dan Pembahasannya Pembahasan : Karena kalimat langsungnya dalam bentuk past tense (did) dan
merupakan kalimat tanya yang jawabannya yes/no, maka tense-nya berubah
1. The teacher asked: “Why did you come late, Mary?” menjadi past perfect (had + V3) dan menggunakan kata sambung if/whether
The teacher asked why ______. (apakah).
A. she comes late
B. she had come late 4. Mr. Firdaus said to his man, “Who phoned me just now?”
C. had she come late
 The sentence above is the some as ______. B. it is a big spider with hairy legs
A. Mr. Firdaus wants to know who phoned him. C. a big spider which with hairylegs
B. Mr. Firdaus wanted to know who had phoned him. D. which is a big hairy-legged spider
C. Mr. Firdaus wanted to know who phoned him.
D. Mr. Firdaus asked him man who phoned him. Jawaban : D
Keyword :insect; bit
Jawaban : C Pembahasan : Yang dibutuhkan dalam kalimat tersebut adalah appositive (penjelas
Keyword :said; who phoned me subjek). Karena subjeknya adalah the insect, maka penjelas yang tepat adalah which
Pembahasan : Dalam sebuah kalimat pernyataan, kata who diikuti S + P. is a big hairy-legged spider (yaitu laba-laba besar yang kakinya berbulu).

5. No one is admitted the university ______ he or she passes the test. 8. Dono failed his exams. He was very unhappy
A. if If only Dono ______ he would have passed his exams.
B. unless A. studied hard
C. whether B. had studied hard
D. as C. was studying hard
D. has been studying hard
Jawaban : B
Keyword : no one is admitted Jawaban : B
Pembahasan : Kalimat ini bermakna “tidak ada yang diterima di universitas … lulus Keyword :failed; if only
tes.” Maka kata yang tepat untuk mengisi titik-titik ini adalah kecuali (unless). Pembahasan : Dono gagal (failed = V2) ujian karena tidak belajar dengan tekun.
Maka harapan yang benar menggunakan had + V3 (had studied hard).
6. “Do you borrow this book from the library?” asked Deni.
Deni wanted to know whether I _____ that book from the library. 9. His father speaks French but his mother speaks English. This means ______.
A. borrow A. his father and mother speak French and English
B. borrowed B. his father speaks French and his mother speaks English
C. will borrow C. his father speaks French and English
D. have borrowed D. his mother speaks English and French

Jawaban : B Jawaban : B
Keyword :wanted to know whether Keyword :but
Pembahasan : Pernyataan yang paling memiliki makna yang sama dengan soal
Pembahasan : Karena pertanyaan Deni terjadi di waktu lampau maka kata kerja adalah A yaitu “Ayahnya berbicara bahasa Perancis dan ibunya berbicara bahasa
kalimat tak langsungnya juga menggunakan kata kerja lampau. Inggris.”

7. The insect, _____ bit my brother’s arm last night. 10. Mom : Oh dear, didn’t I tell you to tidy this room?
A. A big spider with hairy legs Ani : Mom, I couldn’t do it alone. Fery promised to help me but he went out.
 In the dialogue Ani’s mother wanted to know whether Ani ______ the room. o He phoned and he told me the news.
A. was tidying o I visited her and I gave her some flowers.
B. would tidy o I may call you tomorrow or I may phone later the day.
C. had tidied 2. Elliptic Predicate :
D. will tidy o Since John can’t accompany me, you will accompany me.
o Jack understands the lesson, so surely all should understand the lesson.
Jawaban : C Notes :
Keyword :didn’t I tell you Yang harus diingat, yang mengalami elliptic predicate adalah anak kalimatnya (sub
Pembahasan : Induk kalimatnya menggunakan past tense maka anak kalimatnya clause).
diikuti dengan past perfect tense.

Soal Elliptical Construction dan Pembahasannya

1. Sue : "I didn't enjoy the movie last night"

10. Elliptical Construction Bob : "Neither did I."
Elliptical construction digunakan untuk menggabungkan dua kalimat yang From the dialogue we know that ______
mempunyai kesamaan. A. Both Sue and Bob didn't enjoy the movie last night.
Susunan Elliptical Construction B. Not only Sue but also Bob enjoyed the movie last night.
1. Susunan eliptik dengan too dan so dipakai untuk menghindari pengulangan C. Bob enjoyed the movie last night but Sue didn't.
frasa kata benda (verb phrase) dalam kalimat positif. D. Bob enjoyed the movie last night, and so did Sue.
o Peter likes roses and I like roses. (like roses merupakan pengulangan)
Jadi kaimat ini diganti menjadi : Jawaban : A
o Peter likes roses and so do I. Keyword :Neither did I
o Peter likes roses and I do too. Pembahasan : Baik Bob maupun Sue tidak dapat menikmati film yang mereka
2. Yang harus diingat adalah bahwa kita harus menggunakan helping verb (kata tonton malam itu.
kerja bantu).
3. Untuk kalimat negatif digunakan either dan neither. 2. Jannata : How long can you stay under water?
o I don’t know the answer and he doesn’t know the answer. (pengulangan) Nadia : I can stay there ______ I can hold my breath
o I don’t know the answer and he doesn’t either. A. as
o I don’t know the answer and neither does he. B. for
4. Apabila kedua kalimat yang akan kita gabungkan itu positif dan satu lagi C. since
negatif maka kita gunakan but. D. as long as
o He went to Jakarta but I didn’t.
o He didn’t go to Jakarta but I did.
Jawaban : D
Susunan Elliptical Construction dalam bentuk lainnya Keyword :can stay; can hold
1. Elliptic Subject : Kata yang dicetak miring harus dihilangkan. Pembahasan : Pernyataan tersebut bermakna "Saya bisa bertahan selama (as long
as) saya bisa menahan nafas saya." penyesalan. Pada percakapan jelas Janet hendak menyatakan bahwa ia juga tidak
dapat datang ke pertemuan. Jadi Janet juga tidak akan datang seperti halnya Bob.
3. Alaskan forest _____ five or six miles inland from the Pacific coast. Karena itu dibutuhkan elliptical construction dengan rumus pronoun + kk + not +
A. Penetrate more rarely than either.
B. More rarely than penetrate
C. More penetrate than rarely 6. They can neither give him a part-time job, _______ as a trainee in their company.
D. Rarely penetrate more than A. and also not accept him
B. they cannot accept him
C. nor accept him
Jawaban : A D. but also not accept him
Keyword :Alaskan forest
Pembahasan : Karena pada soal telah ada subjek kalimat, jadi yang dibutuhkan
adalah predikat. Penyusunan predikat yang paling sesuai adalah penetrate more Jawaban : C
rarely than. Keyword :neither
Pembahasan : Pasangan kata untuk neither adalah nor.
4. The luggage is twice the baby's weight. The luggage is ______ the baby.
A. as heavy as 7. The successful athletes got medals and money' means: ‘They got______ medals
B. heavier than but also money.'
C. not so heavy as A. not only
D. lighter than B. as well as
C. of not even
D. instead
Jawaban : B
Keyword :twice the baby's weight
Pembahasan : Berat koper tersebut adalah dua kali berat si bayi. Maka pernyataan Jawaban : A
yang paling tepat adalah pernyataan B yang bermakna "lebih berat". Keyword : but also
Pembahasan : Pasangan untuk but also adalah not only.
5. Bob : I won't come to the meeting tomorrow. What about you?
Janet : Well, I'm afraid ______. 8. I think that my mother will be interested in reading this novel, but_____
A. so will I A. so will my father
B. I will too B. my father won't
C. neither do I C. so does my father
D. I won't either D. my father is not

Jawaban : D Jawaban : B
Keyword : I'm afraid Keyword :will be; but
Pembahasan : Ungkapan I'm afraid umum digunakan untuk menyatakan Pembahasan : Rumus untuk kata hubung but adalah jika sebelum kata but ada
kalimat positif maka sesudah kata but menggunakan kalimat negatif, dan o He flies to Manado once a week.
sebaliknya. o I have been to Bali.
o He has a nice car.
9. His shop was burnt down ... his car that was parked nearby. o You are always complaining in seeking a job.
A. and either did o I fly to Manado once a week.
B. also was 1. Ada beberapa kata benda yang nampaknya tunggal tetapi mempunyai arti
C. but neither was banyak. Yaitu : cattle, public, police, people, poultry
D. and so was o The cattle are grazing in the field.
o The police enforce the law.
2. Beberapa kata benda yang kelihatannya jamak tetapi mengandung arti tunggal.
Jawaban : D Contohnya economics, statistics, billiards, mathematics, measles, mumps,
Keyword :was burnt, was parked shingles.
Pembahasan : Dua kalimat tersebut adalah kalimat positif, maka menggunakan o Mathematics is difficult.
elliptical construction positif juga yaitu so. Sedangkan kata kerja yang digunakan o Measles is a contagious disease.
adalah to be lampau yaitu was. 3. Beberapa kata benda yang kelihatannya jamak tetapi mengandung arti tunggal.
Contohnya jury, committee, team, crowd, class.
10. In evaluating your progress, the teacher will take into account ...., attitude, and o The jury consists of ten persons.
achievements. o The jury are arguing among themselves.
A. how you performed 4. Contoh-contoh kalau subject digabungkan dengan kata either…or, neither…nor,
B. your performance dan both…and.
C. if you performed well o Either you or she was here yesterday (yang dilihat kata setelah or)
D. when you have performed o Neither I nor he likes coffee (yang dilihat setelah kata nor)
o Both of you and your sister work well (subjeknya jamak karena terdiri dari
Jawaban : B you and your sister)
Keyword :attitude; achievements 5. Penggunaan each, either, dan neither.
Pembahasan : Kata and mengelompokkan kata-kata yang sejenis. Kata-kata Jika dalam sebuah kalimat dimulai dengan kata each, either, atau neither, maka
attitude dan achievements merupakan kata benda. Jadi kata pada titik-titik juga sudah pasti kata kerjanya harus berbentuk singular.
harus berupa kata benda. o Neither of the film is interesting.
Venomous snakes with modified teeth. o My school has ten classrooms; each of them is equipped by the overhead
projector.
6. Penggunaan as well as.
Bila dua subjek tunggal dihubungkan dengan kata as well as, maka kata kerja
yang digunakan adalah subjek tunggal.
11. Concord o An apple, as well as an orange, is good for our health.
Concord adalah persatuan antara subjek dengan predikat. o A television, as well as radio, is the source of information.
Contoh-contoh dalam bentuk sederhana :
 Bila kedua subjeknya tidak sama jumlahnya maka yang dilihat (disesuaikan) B. orientation to the relationship of
adalah subjek yang ditulis terdahulu. C. orientation relating to
o The students, as well as the teacher, have worked hard. D. orientation in relation to
o A banana, as well as oranges, is going to be sent to you.
7. Lama waktu, jarak, berat, volume selalu diikuti dengan kata kerja untuk subjek Jawaban : D
tunggal. Keyword :spatial arrangement and…the flow of energy
o Five hours is not long for me to want. Pembahasan : Kalimat ini bermakna “dalam hubungannya dengan”. Jadi yang
o Two hundred km is not far away nowadays. dibutuhkan adalah in relation to.
8. Kata-kata berikut ini selalu diikuti oleh predikat untuk benda jamak: tweezers,
binoculars, glasses, shoes, shorts, pajamas, pliers. Tetapi bisa ditunggalkan 3. The police _____ investigating the crime.
dengan kata a pair of (sepasang). Bandingkan: A. is
o My glasses are on the table. B. are
o A pair of glasses is on the table. C. to be
9. Kata benda yang bentuk tunggal dan jamaknya sama. Misalnya deer, sheep, D. was
salmon, mackerel, aircraft, Vietnamese, Chinese, Japanese.
o I saw many Japanese in the hotel. Jawaban : A
o There are hundreds of deer in the palace garden. Keyword :The police
Pembahasan : Kata kerja berbentuk -ing selalu diawali dengan to be. Karena tidak
terdapat keterangan waktu maka to be yang digunakan adalah to be present (is).
Soal Concord (Agreement) dan Pembahasannya

1. Some of the shops I wanted to see ______ no longer in the city. 4. Nothing went wrong when the director was gone, _____?
A. is A. did it
B. are B. didn’t it
C. have C. was it
D. were D. wasn’t it

Jawaban : B Jawaban : A
Key word :Some of the shops Keyword :Nothing
Pembahasan : No longer merupakan adjective (kata sifat) jadi membutuhkan to be. Pembahasan : Kalimat utamanya berupa kalimat negatif (nothing) dan berbentuk
Karena subjeknya jamak (some of the shops) dan tense-nya present maka to be past, sehingga tag question-nya juga berupa past tense dan positif (did).
yang tepat adalah are.
5. Mars, _____, has two satellites.
2. Feng Shui is a system of laws considered to govern spatial arrangement and A. which the fourth planet from the Sun
______ the flow of energy, and whose favorable or unfavorable effects are taken B. it is the fourth planet from the Sun
into account when sitting and designing buildings. C. the fourth planet from the Sun
A. orientation in its relation of D. is the fourth planet of the Sun
 Jawaban : A
Jawaban : C Keyword :some monkeys
Keyword :Mars; has Pembahasan : Isian pada kalimat membutuhkan appositive yang menerangkan
Pembahasan : Kalimat pada soal membutuhkan appositive atau keterangan frasa some monkeys. Jadi appositive-nya memberikan contoh dari frasa yang
tambahan. Kalimat ini tidak membutuhkan kata kerja karena sudah ada has. diterangkannya.

6. Built at the beginning of the century, the Library of Congress houses one of the 9. True hibernation takes place only among _____ animals.
largest _____ A. whose blood is warm
A. and fine B. blood warm
B. and finest C. warm–blooded
C. or finest D. they have warm blood
D. yat fine
Jawaban : C
Jawaban : B Keyword :animals
Keyword :the largest Pembahasan : Yang dibutuhkan pada kalimat adalah adjective (kata sifat) yang
Pembahasan : Kata sebelum dan se dibutuhkan adalah the finest. menerangkan animals.

7. Oscillatona, one of the few plants that can move about, _____ a wavy, gliding 10. In a hot, sunny climate, man acclimatizes by eating less, drinking more liquids,
motion. wearing lighter clothing, and _____.
A. having A. skin changes that darken
B. has B. his skin may darken
C. being C. experiencing a darkening of the skin
D. with D. darkens his skin

Jawaban : B Jawaban : C
Keyword :Oscillatona Keyword :eating; drinking; wearing
Pembahasan : Subjek utama pada kalimat tersebut adalah Oscillatona yang Pembahasan : Kata and menggabungkan beberapa kata atau frasa yang setara.
merupakan subjek singular (tunggal). Karena itu yang dibutuhkan adalah kata kerja Karena kata-kata sebelumnya adalah eating, drinking, dan wearing, maka kata yang
untuk subjek tunggal yaitu has. dibutuhkan adalah juga yang berakhiran –ing.

8. Some monkeys, _____, use their tails in a way similar to a hand.

A. like the spider monkey
B. spider monkey likes
C. to the spider monkey
D. the monkey likes the spider 12. Causative
Digunakan dalam kalimat yang mengandung pengertian bahwa subjek dalam
kalimat ini tidak melakukan suatu pekerjaan. Pola causative ada yang berbentuk
aktif dan ada yang berbentuk pasif. Kata kerja yang digunakan pada pola ini adalah 1. Susi made Andi ______ his sandals before he went into her house.
have dan get. A. takes off
B. take off
Keterangan : C. took off
Have, has, dan had pada kalimat causative bukan sebagai auxillary verbs tetapi D. taken off
berfungsi sebagai verba yang artinya “menyuruh”. Selain have dan variasi
bentuknya, pada kalimat causative jenis ini juga terkadang menggunakan make atau Jawaban : B
made. Key word :made
Pembahasan : Kalimat ini merupakan kalimat causative made karena subjek (Susi)
Pola I : S + have/has/had + O [Person] + infinitive menyuruh orang lain (Andi) melakukan sesuatu. Jadi polanya adalah have/make +
Causative “have” dalam bentuk aktif : Objek aktif (orang) +V1.
o I have someone clean my room.
o He had someone clean my room.
o She has him repair her car. 2. Ani : What a nice dress! Did you make it yourself?
Ati : Oh, I got it made.
Pola II : S + have/has/had + O [Thing] + V3 The underlined sentence means ______.
Causative “have” dalam bentuk pasif : A. Ati bought the dress
o I have my room cleaned by someone. B. Ati made the dress herself
o He had my room cleaned by someone. C. Ati had to make her dress
o She has him to repair her car. D. Someone made Ati’s dress
Pola III : S + get + O [Person] + to infinitive
Causative “get” dalam bentuk aktif : Jawaban : D
o I get someone to clean my room. Key word :I got it made
o She got him to repair her car. Pembahasan : Kalimat ini termasuk causative made yang bermakna bahwa yang
membuatkan baju Ati adalah orang lain.
Pola IV : S + get + O [Thing] + V3
Causative “get” dalam bentuk pasif : 3. “Mahmud had the oil of his car changed yesterday” means ______.
o I get my room cleaned by someone. A. “He changed the oil of his car”
o She got her car repaired by him. B. “He had to change the oil of his car”
C. “Someone changed the oil of his car”
Kesimpulan : D. “He would have changed the oil of his car”

Pada pembentukannya, kalimat causative dengan have atau get pada bentuk pasif Jawaban : C
polanya sama, tetapi pada bentuk aktif berbeda. Key word :had
Pembahasan : Kalimat causative menyatakan bahwa seseorang menyuruh orang
Soal Causative dan Pembahasannya lain melakukan suatu pekerjaan.
4. Dedi : “Arya, how do you inspect in our new criminals?”
Arya : “I had the special agent _______” 7. The manager was not able to finish this job by himself as he was too busy taking
A. investigate care other work, so he asked me, his assistant, _____ the job.
B. investigated A. Finish
C. to investigate. B. To finish
D. investigates C. Finished
D. Would finish
Jawaban : A
Key word :had the special agent Jawaban : B
Pembahasan : Pola causative have yang menggunakan objek orang adalah S + Key word :asked
have/had + [someone] + infinitive. Pembahasan : Penggunaan ask mirip dengan penggunaan get, jadi polanya pun
sama: S + ask + [someone] + to infinitive.
5. Agung : Send this letter today.
Secretary : Yes, Sir. 8. Arifa had his teacher phoned for he had got stomachache.
From the dialogue we know that Agung will have the letter ______. It means that _____
A. deliver A. Arifa called his teacher by himself
B. delivered B. Arifa calls his own teacher via telephone.
C. to deliver C. Arifa made his teacher call him
D. to be delivering D. Arifa asked someone else to call his teacher

Jawaban : B Jawaban : D
Key word :Agung will have the letter Key word :had his teacher phoned
Pembahasan : Pola causative have yang menggunakan objek benda adalah S + Pembahasan : Kalimat soal bermakna Arifa menyuruh gurunya ditelepon karena ia
have/had + [something] + Verb3. sakit perut.

6. The old man wants to get his son _____ him to another city as he is not strong 9. Because the couple are too busy to prepare their wedding, they _____.
enough to do it by himself. A. Have organized everything for their wedding party
A. Driven B. Want to organize everything by themselves
B. Drive C. Have the wedding organized
C. To drive D. Want to organize their own wedding party
D. To be driven
Jawaban : C
Jawaban : C Key word :too busy to prepare
Key word : wants to get his son Pembahasan : Karena pasangan itu terlalu sibuk untuk mempersiapkan pernikahan,
Pembahasan : Pola causative get yang menggunakan objek orang adalah S + get/got secara logis mereka pasti menyuruh orang lain melakukannya. Pola kalimat
+ [someone] + to infinitive. causative adalah S+have/get + [something] + verb3.
10. The owner of the shop let the beggar _____ in front of their shop.
A. Begged Pembentukan kata sifat (adjective formation)
B. To beg 1. -able, -ible : fashionable, responsible
C. To be begged 2. -al : magical, survival
D. Beg 3. -ant, -ent : significant, different
4. -ful : peaceful, handful
Jawaban : D 5. -ic : poetic, romantic
Key word : let the beggar 6. -ish : childish, girlish
Pembahasan : Kalimat causative yang mengandung kata let mempunyai pola yang 7. -ive : active, constructive
sama dengan causative have dan make. Jadi karena the beggar pada kalimat di atas 8. -less : hopeless, treeless
merupakan objek orang, maka diikuti dengan infinitive yaitu beg. 9. -like : childlike, godlike
10. -ly : weekly, yearly
11. -ous : poisonous, dangerous
12. –y : dusty, bushy

Pembentukan kata kerja (verb formation)

13. Derivates 1. –ate : stimulate, gyrate
Derivates adalah kata yang berasal dari kata lain/kata dasar dengan penambahan 2. -en : darken, widen
imbuhan (affix). 3. -ef, -ify : beautiful, terrify
Pembentukan kata benda (noun formation) 4. -ise, -ize : computerize, dramatize
1. -age : breakage, sabotage 5. en- : endanger, enlarge
2. -an, -ian : librarian, mathematician Pembentukan kata keterangan (adverb formation)
3. -ance, -ence, : assistance, confidence 1. -ly : beautifully, happily
4. -dom : kingdom, freedom 2. -ward : backward, eastward
5. -ery : bakery, fishery 3. -wise : crosswise, clockwise
6. -er : teacher, runner
7. -hood : childhood, brotherhood
8. -ics : economics, athletics
9. -ist : guitarist, dramatist Soal Derivative dan Pembahasannya
10. -ion, tion : information, relation
11. -logy : biology, sociology 1. This flower can be _____ grouped into type depending upon how often they
12. -ment : development, government bloom.
13. -ness : silliness, happiness A. convenient
14. -or : governor, operator B. convenience
15. -ory : laboratory, observatory C. conveniently
16. -ship : friendship, hardship D. conveniences
 Key word : angles of any triangle
Jawaban : C Pembahasan : Karena dalam soal sudah ada predikat dan sudah merupakan fakta
Key word : can be _____ grouped bahwa segitiga mempunyai 3 sisi, jadi jawaban yang tepat adalah the three.
Pembahasan : Kalimat ini memerlukan sebuah adverb karena verb (grouped) hanya
dapat diawali/diikuti dengan adverb. 5. The bodies of living creatures are organized into many different systems, each of
which has _____ function.
2. A list of key beliefs of world class performers is the important material in A. Certainly
coaching mental ______. B. A certain
A. tough C. It is certainly
B. toughful D. To be certain
C. toughment
D. toughness Jawaban : B
Key word : function
Jawaban : D Pembahasan : Karena menerangkan kata benda function, maka kata yang
Key word : in coaching mental digunakan adalah adjective “certain”.
Pembahasan : Karena mental merupakan adjective (kata sifat) maka dibutuhkan
noun yaitu toughness. Fungsi adjective adalah menerangkan noun dan letaknya 6. _____, Carl Sandburg is also well-known for his multi volume biography of
pasti sebelum noun (kata benda). Lincoln.
A. An eminent American poet
3. The little girl is taking care of the puppy with ______. B. He is an eminent American poet
A. patient C. An eminent American poet who is
B. patience D. Despite an eminent American poet
C. patiently
D. patients Jawaban : A
Key word : Carl Sandburg
Jawaban : B Pembahasan : Karena menerangkan Carl Sandburg, maka jawaban yang paling tepat
Key word : with adalah An eminent American poet.
Pembahasan : Pada kalimat ini ada paralelisme penggunaan kata benda.
7. The Hawthorne studies, _____ the monotonous working conditions of factory
4. _____ angles of any triangle always add up to 180 degrees. personnel, were a major contribution to industrial psychology.
A. If three A. In which the investigation of
B. The three B. Were they investigated
C. Three of
D. Three are C. Which were investigation
D. An investigation of
Jawaban : B
Jawaban : C
Key word : studies Pembahasan : Karena menerangkan panjang, maka jawaban yang paling sesuai
Pembahasan : Kalimat yang dibutuhkan berfungsi sebagai appositive yang adalah in length.
menerangkan studies (jamak).

8. Vaporization in connection with general _____ has a marked effect on long-term

climate.
A. Atmospheric conditions that 14. Gerund and To Invinitive
B. Conditions are atmospheric 1. Pola Gerund
C. Are atmospheric conditions Gerund adalah kata kerja ditambah ing yang berfungsi sebagai kata benda atau
D. Atmospheric conditions yang dibendakan. Gerund bisa berfungsi sebagai :
a) Subject
Jawaban : D b) Object
Key word : with general; has c) Predicate Complement
Pembahasan : Karena dalam soal sudah ada predikatnya maka isiannya berupa kata d) Noun Modifier
benda. a. Gerund sebagai subjek
 Smoking is bad for our health.
9. _____ discussion of group personality would be complete without a  Riding a bicycle isn’t easy.
consideration of national character.  Baking cake is difficult.
A. None b. Gerund sebagai objek
B. Not  I like reading.
C. No  She enjoys dancing.
D. Nothing  She has swimming as her hobby.

Jawaban : C Kata-kata yang bisa diikuti dengan gerund adalah :

Key word : without Admit, appreciate, avoid, begin, can’t help, can’t stand, continue, deny, dislike,
Pembahasan : No di sini berfungsi sebagai adjective yang menerangkan discussion. finish, forget, hate, keep, mind, neglect, prefer, regret, remember, start, stop.
Gerund juga bisa digunakan sesudah preposition :
10. The javelin used in competition must be between 260 and 270 centimeters  I am fond of playing the piano.
_____.  They left without having breakfast.
A. In length  She apologized for coming late.
B. It is long c. Gerund sebagai predicate complement
C. Whose length  My hobby is dancing salsa.
D. Lengthily  His favorite sport was riding bicycle.
d. Gerund sebagai noun modifier
Jawaban : A  The waiting room is full of girls.
Key word : 260 and 270 centimeters  The reading books are on the table.
Gerund with its subject  The lesson is easy to understand.
 Tuti’s cooking is delicious. d. Sebagai keterangan dari kerja :
 Her dancing books are on the table.  They ran to help the injured boy.
Gerund with its object  He came to see that he was wrong.
 I enjoy her cooking.  I will agree to marry David.
 You can’t prevent his spending his money. e. Sebagai keterangan dari Wh-word :
 Forgive my ringing you up so early.  I know how to drive a car.
 I don’t know how to thank you.
Ada beberapa kata kerja yang dapat diikuti dengan gerund dan dapat juga diikuti
 Can you tell me which button to press?
dengan to + infinitive tapi artinya berbeda :
 He forgets telling her story.
(Dia [laki-laki] lupa telah bercerita kepadanya [perempuan].)
He forgets to tell her story. Soal Gerund dan To Invinitive dan Pembahasannya
(Dia [laki-laki] lupa bahwa dia harus bercerita kepadanya [perempuan].) 1. Since Marlo is a presenter, he is used to ______ in front of the spectators.
 He stopped working. A. speak
(Dia berehenti bekerja.) B. speaks
He stopped to work. C. speaking
(Dia berhenti untuk bekerja.) D. spoke
 They tried to make a kite.
(Mereka berusaha membuat sebuah layangan.) Jawaban : C
They tried making a kite. Key word : is used to
(Mereka melakukan percobaan membuat layangan.) Pembahasan : Penggunaan be used to + Ving bertujuan menyatakan kebiasaan yang
terus dilakukan sampai sekarang, sedangkan used to + V1 menyatakan kebiasaan
yang dulu dilaksanakan namun sekarang sudah tidak lagi dilaksanakan.

2. Pola To Infinitive 2. The environmental group hopes ______ the forest to its original condition by the
a. Sebagai subject : end of the decade.
 To cook takes a lot of time. A. to restore
 To be a teacher is interesting. B. having restored
 To understand English in not easy. C. to be restored
b. Sebagai keterangan dari suatu kata benda : D. to have been restored
 I have something to do.
 Do you need a man to help you? Jawaban : A
 I have some problems to solve. Key word : hopes
c. Sebagai keterangan dari kata sifat : Pembahasan : Kata kerja hope diikuti oleh to infinitive.
 John is happy to help Mary.
3. ______ a new language can be very interesting.
A. Learn 6. The new employees are furious ______ the news about their delaying salary.
B. Learned A. receiving
C. Learning B. received
D. To learning C. to receive
D. receive
Jawaban : A
Key word : can be very interesting Jawaban : C
Pembahasan : Kalimat ini memburuhkan subjek. Jadi yang dibutuhkan adalah subjek Key word : furious
berbentuk gerund. Pembahasan : Kata furious diikuti oleh to infinitive.

4. At New Year’s Eve ______ continued until early in the morning. 7. While ______ to buy the concert ticket, the man with the beard stole the young
A. to sing and to dance lady’s purse.
B. they sing and dance A. he queuing
C. singing and dancing B. he queues
D. song and dance C. queuing
D. queued
Jawaban : C
Key word : continued Jawaban : C
Pembahasan : Pada kalimat tidak terdapat subjek. Jadi yang dibutuhkan adalah Key word : while
subjek berupa gerund. Pembahasan : While diikuti V-ing karena while termasuk preposisi.

5. After attending the wedding party, Dona continued ______ the meal and having 8. We decided to stay home because Sita wasn’t very keen on ______ out in the
dinner with her family. rain.
A. heating A. go
B. to heat B. goes
C. heat C. went
D. heats D. going

Jawaban : A
Key word : continued; having
Pembahasan : Continue bisa diikuti to + infinitive ataupun V-ing, dan keduanya
mempunyai arti yang sama. Tapi karena dalam kalimat ada kata sambung and maka
kata kerja yang dibutuhkan harus sejajar dengan verb sesudah and. Karena sesudah
and verbanya berbentuk V-ing maka sebelum and juga harus V-ing.
Jawaban : D
Key word : wasn’t very keen on
Pembahasan : On adalah preposisi sehingga harus diikuti V-ing.
9. Response: I used to, but I resigned my membership.
The sentence that could generate the response indicated:
A. Won’t you belong to the English club?
 B. Wouldn’t you have belonged to the English club? (The man who is/was wearing a cap is my father.)
C. Didn’t you use to belong to the English Club?  The boy riding the buffalo is my brother.
D. Wouldn’t you belong to the English club? (The boy who is/was riding the buffalo is my brother.)

Jawaban : C B. Active participle/participles phrases sebagai clause modifier :

Key word : I used to  Being old, he has to wear glasses.
Pembahasan : Klausa I used to bermakna “pernah namun sudah tidak lagi”. Jadi (Because he is old, he has to wear glasses.)
bentuk ini tidak sesuai dengan semua kata tanya bermakna future seperti won’t  Shouting, he kicked the door.
dan wouldn’t pada pilihan jawaban. (While he was shouting, he kicked the door.)

10. Henry Ford revolutionized production management by _____ into small steps Penggunaan active participle
on a moving line. 1. Bila dua pekerjaan dikerjakan oleh subjek yang sama pada waktu yang
A. breaking down auto assembly bersamaan, maka salah satu kalimat tadi dibentuk menjadi active participle.
B. broken down auto assembly  He rode away. He whistled.
C. he broke down auto assembly He rode away whistling.
D. auto assembly breaking down  The children came. They ran to meet us.
The children came running to meet us.
Jawaban : A 2. Bila suatu perbuatan diikuti oleh perbuatan lainnya dan dilakukan oleh subjek
Key word : by yang sama, maka perbuatan yang pertama dinyatakan dengan active participle.
Pembahasan : By adalah preposisi yang harus diikuti gerund.  He opened the drawer and took out a revolver.
Opening the drawer, he took out a revolver.
3. Active participle dapat menggantikan as/for/since/because/ + subject + verb.
 Because he was a student, he was naturally interested in museums.
Being a student, he was naturally interested in museums.
 As he didn’t know the answer, he kept silent.
15. Active Participle Not knowing the answer, he kept silent.
Active participle adalah kata kerja + ing yang dapat digunakan sebagai : 4. Bila dua pekerjaan dikerjakan oleh subjek yang sama dan pekerjaan yang satu
A. Noun modifier sudah selesai dikerjakan lalu diikuti oleh pekerjaan lainnya, maka pekerjaan
B. Clause modifier yang sudah selesai dinyatakan dengan active participle.
A. Noun modifier terdiri dari :
 After I had finished my work, I went out.
1. Active participle sebelum kata benda.
Having finished my work, I went out.
 The dancing girl is my sister.
(The dancing girl is a girl who is/was dancing.)
 The singing bird is a murai.
(The singing bird is a bird which is singing.) Soal Active Participle dan Pembahasannya
2. Active participle sebagai participle phrases.
 The man wearing a cap is my father.
1. I like all abstract paintings ______ by famous painters especially Affandi. 4. Network employees of associated companies are not allowed to participate in TV
A. drawing quiz games.
B. drawn Choose the one word or phrase which would best keep the meaning of the original
C. which are drawing sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word.
D. which draw A. subsidiary
B. connected
Jawaban : B C. social
Key word : by D. member
Pembahasan : Kalimat ini merupakan bentukan dari I like all abstract paintings
which are drawn by famous painters especially Affandi. Which are kemudian Jawaban : B
dihilangkan menjadi drawn saja. Key word : associated; substituted
Pembahasan : Kata associated berarti “berhubungan”. Jadi kata penggantinya
2. His grandfather usually walks around the garden to see the blooming flowers. (substitute) juga harus yang bermakna sama. Pada pilihan jawaban masing-masing
The underlined words mean ______. kata dan maknanya adalah subsidiary (tambahan), connected (berhubungan), social
A. flowers that are going to bloom (social), member (anggota). Kata yang bermakna sama dengan associated adalah
B. flowers that are blooming connected.
C. flowers that will be blooming
D. flowers that have been blooming 5. ______ a sharp axe, he cut down the tree easily.
A. Using
Jawaban : B B. To used
Key word : the blooming flowers C. To using
Pembahasan : The blooming flowers merupakan active participle untuk the flowers D. Have used
that are blooming.
Jawaban : A
3. Mr. Indra demanded thorough research, complete and a well-written ____ Key word : a sharp axe
report. Pembahasan : Kata kerja yang diletakkan di subjek kalimat harus berbentuk V-ing.
A. investigate
B. investigates 6. Do you know the man _____ in the third row from our left?
C. investigation A. is sat
D. investigating B. was sitting

Jawaban : D C. sitting
Key word : report D. sat
Pembahasan : Yang dibutuhkan di sini adalah kata yang menerangkan noun yaitu
report. Maka kita membutuhkan adjective, yaitu investigating. Jawaban : C
Key word : know the man
Pembahasan : Kalimat ini merupakan bentukan dari Do you know the man who is
sitting in the third row from our left. Who is dapat dihilangkan dengan mengganti V established in 1913 (yang dibangun tahun 1913).
+ s/es menjadi V– ing.
10. _____ in 1937, the Golden Gate Bridge spans the channel at the entrance to San
7. _____ taking over the leadership of this project is what made it succeed. Fransisco Bay.
A. Her A. Completes
B. She B. Completed
C. She is C. Completing
D. Her having D. To complete

Jawaban : A Jawaban : B
Key word : taking over; is Key word : the Golden Gate Bridge
Pembahasan : Bentuk gerund pada kalimat harus diawali dengan possessive Pembahasan : Fungsi participle di dalam kalimat ini sebagai modifier (penerang)
pronoun. dan bermakna pasif.

8. Soekarno, _____ one of the strongest Indonesian Presidents, served from 1945 to
1965.
A. was considered
B. considering
C. considered
D. is considered

Jawaban : C
Key word : one of the strongest Indonesian President
Pembahasan : Bentuk aposisi pada kalimat membutuhkan bentuk pasif considered.

9. The Federal Reserve System, _____ under President Wilson, plays a key role in
regulating the U.S. economy.
A. The establishment in 1913
B. Was established in 1913
C. Established in 1913
D. In 1913 they established it

Jawaban : C
Key word : under President Wilson
Pembahasan : Karena menerangkan The Federal Reserve System bermakna pasif
dan berfungsi sebagai appositive maka jawaban yang paling sesuai adalah