Concrete Structures

Temesgen Wondimu, PhD

Chapter 2: Strain-compatibility Analysis Of Sections

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 Flexure Theory
Basic assumptions of flexure theory
a. Plane sections before bending remain plain after
bending
b. The strain in the reinforcement is equal to the strain
in the concrete at the same point
c. The stresses in the concrete and reinforcement can
be computed from the strains using stress-strain
curves

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 Flexure Theory

Stress-strain curve for steel

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 Flexure Theory

Stress-strain curve
for concrete
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 Flexure Theory

Steps in M-Ф analysis

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 Flexure Theory

Yield Point

Cracked-elastic range

Cracking Point

Uncracked elastic region

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 Flexure Theory

Effect of
increasing
tension
steel area

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 Flexure Theory

Effect of
increasing d,
b, A’ s , f’c
and f y

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 Flexure Theory
Two requirements are satisfied throughout the flexural
analysis and design of reinforced concrete beams and
columns:
1. Stress and strain compatibility. The stress at any
point in a member must correspond to the strain at that
point. Except for short, deep beams, the distribution of
strains over the depth of the member is assumed to be
linear.
2. Equilibrium. Internal forces must balance the external
load effects

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 Flexure Theory

No axial load

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 Flexure Theory

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 Analysis Based on Strain Compatibility

The analysis procedures discussed above are restricted

to problems involving:
a. Elastic-plastic reinforcement with constant yield
strength
b. Tension reinforcement and compression
reinforcement in two groups of bars that can be
represented by compact layers at the centroids of
the respective groups
c. All concrete of the same strength
d. A rectangular, T, or other easily definable cross-
sectional shape

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 Analysis Based on Strain Compatibility
If any of these restrictions do not apply, a trial and error solution
based on strain compatibility must be used. The following steps may
be followed:
1. Assume a strain distribution defined by a strain 𝜀𝑐𝑢 0.003 in the
extreme compressive fiber and an assumed value of the depth,
c, to the neutral axis
2. Compute the depth of the rectangular stress block, 𝑎 = 𝛽𝑐
3. Compute the strains in each layer of reinforcement from the
assumed strain distribution
4. From the stress-strain curve for the reinforcement and the
strains in step 3, determine the stress in each layer of
reinforcement
5. Compute the force in the compression zone and in each layer of
reinforcement
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 Analysis Based on Strain
Compatibility
6. Compute 𝑃 = 𝐶 − 𝑇. For no axial load, P = 0
7. Sum moments of internal forces

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 Applications
Moment Resistance of Wall Assemblies, Walls with Flanges,
and Walls with Boundary Elements

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 Applications
Biaxially Loaded Colmns/Walls

See Example
4.9 of Park &
Paulay

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 Applications
Analysis of
unsymmetrical
beam/column

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 Example

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Analysis Based on Strain Compatibility

Assignment:
Pb. 1
MacGregor
(1997) Pbs 5-11
& 5-12

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 Pb.2 Same as example but use the
following stress-strain relation for
concrete.

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