HISTORY OF TERRORISM:

Terrorism is not a recent phenomenon. The Zealots employed it against the Roman occupation in Palestine. The
Assassins used it in eleventh and twelfth centuries in Persia and Syria. The Thugs in India used it for many centuries
against innocent travelers to appease the bloodthirsty goddess Kali. Terrorism became an important feature of
European politics during and after the French Revolution as different political groups comprising anarchists,
nationalists and social revolutionaries practiced assassinations, bombings and various forms of violent seizure and
destruction of property.

EFFECTS ON PAKISTAN:

Pakistan has adversely affected by terrorism than any other country of the world.
No country in the world has suffered in wake of terrorism than Pakistan. Although,
Pakistan is a victim of terrorism is being labeled as a state sponsoring terrorism.
The emergence of terrorism in Pakistan was the consequence of its direct
involvement in Afghanistan war. Pakistan has learned the lesson “the hard way”
but it is imperative that we must not forget it. Lot of time and energy of Pakistan is
being consumed to make world understand that Pakistan is not the sponsor of
terrorism but it’s a victim, and while doing so it is being forced to make
compromises on its vital interests. Even the friendly countries like China, Iran,
Indonesia started looking towards Pakistan with suspicion. In a nutshell, terrorism
has formed Pakistan to go on a back foot and became more defensive on this issue.
It has become more important for Pakistan to clean its image tinted with terrorism
and take rightful place amongst the community of nations.

STEPS TAKEN BY PAKISTAN:

 I. Intimation of war on terrorism:
First motive was to clean its image in the eyes of international community.
President Musharraf took various steps to clean it. He visited many countries
of the world, which were never being visited by any leader of Pakistan.
II. U-turn on its foreign policy:
Pakistan had taken drastic u-turn after 9\11. It wanted to show international
community that we are not fundamentalists. Pakistan took u-turn on its
Kashmir and Afghan policy.
III. Ban on Jihadee organizations:
Government of Pakistan banned almost all Jihadee organizations on 12th
January 2002.
IV. Operation Rah-e-Raast (May 2009)
V. Operation Rah-e-Nijat (June 2009)
VI. Government also take step for reforming of Madrassas.
VII. Operation Zarb-e-Azb(June 2014)
VIII. Operation Rad-ul-fasaad(Jan 2017)

WHAT IS TERRORISM?
what exactly is "terrorism"? It is a word with many different definitions—some
legal, some political. It has been used to describe crimes as well as to discredit
political opponents.In its broadest practical sense, terrorism is the use of violence
to further a political or social cause. Individuals and organizations that use violence
to achieve their political goals are called "terrorists".when they aim their attacks at
civilians who are not directly involved in shaping government policy. For example,
a terrorist might set off a bomb in a crowded store, restaurant, or office building,
hoping to persuade the government to outlaw abortion. Or a terrorist might hijack a
plane to force another country to change its foreign policy or set a prisoner free.

WHO IS TERRORIST?
A person who uses unlawful violence and intimidation, especially against civilians,
in the pursuit of political aims.

TERRORIST AND EXTREMIST GROUPS IN

PAKISTAN:
1. Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP)
2. Lashkar-e-Omar (LeO)
3. Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan (SSP)
4. Tehreek-e-Jaferia Pakistan (TJP)
5. Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi(TNSM)
6. Lashkar-eJhangvi (LeJ)
7. Sipah-e-Muhammad Pakistan (SMP)
8. Jamaat-ul-Fuqra
9. Nadeem Commando
10.Popular Front for Armed Resistance
11.Muslim United Army
12. Harkat-ul-Mujahideen Al-alami(HuMA)