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18.413 10 6
From Moody chart
Re 5.80 10 and / d
5
0.000133
Friction factor, f
f 0.0145
fL V 2 0.0145 30 8 2
P 1.184 14.61 Pa
d 2 1.128 2
P 14.61
0.487 Pa / m
L 30
Branch B→E
Q AV d 2V
4
4Q 16Q 2 V2 8Q 2
V , V 2
2 4 , 2 4
d 2
d 2 d
P f V2 f 8Q 2 8Q 2
f
L d 2 d d
2 4
2d 5
8 fQ 2 8 1.184 0.0145 1
d 5 5 0.491 m
P / L
2
0.487
2
4Q
V 5.281 m/ s
d 2
18.413 10 6
0.00015
0.000305
d 0.491
f 0.016, d 0.501 m, V 5.073 m / s
18.413 10 6
0.00015
0.000299
d 0.501
f 0.016
d 0.501 m
V 5.073 m/ s
We can calculate the volume floww rate to
.
Check the calculation
Qcal AV d 2V 0.5012 5.073 1.000069 m3 / s
4 4
Acceptable value of Q, d, V
For Main Duct
Qt 8 m 3 / s, V 8m / s, P 0.487 Pa / m
Velocity reduction method
For Main Duct
Qt 8 m 3 / s, V 8m / s, P 0.487 Pa / m
Assume the velocity in each branch with gradually
reduction.
BC: V 7 m/s
BE: V 7 m/s
C D: V 6m/s
C F: V 6m/s
From duct friction chart,
d 1.3
ab
0.625
a b 0.25
Grille outlets
Ceiling diffuser
Slot diffuser
1. The velocity exit, V, of air from the grills is between
2.5 ~ 3.5 m/s.
2. X : is the blow or throw.
3. L : is the characteristic length and is defined is length
between the grill and the nearest wall.
Air Fan
Bernoulli Equation or ( Energy Equation)
P V2
gZ C
2
Assume dZ 0,
V 2
PS PV PT ,
P gZ C
2
PS PV PZ PT
PS1 PV 1 PS 2 PV 2 PT
PS1 PV 1 PS 2 PV 2 PL
where, PL : total pressure drop or hydraulic losses
between 1 and 2.
PS 1 PV 1 FTP PS 2 PV 2 PL
where, FTP is the p ressure rise due to the fan work and is called
the Fan Total Head Pressure.
PS 1 V12 PS 2 V22
W hL
2 2 2
where, hL : rep resents the losses p ressure drop in the duct.
Friction Losses in Duct, Major losses
fL V 2
PF , where, d : hydraulic mean diameter
d 2
P LV2
f
Air Handling d 2
Power W m
V 2
V 2
K e
2 2
P 1 P
L L
Air Handling Friction
m
K V 2
V 2
e
2 Fitting 2 Exit
Reshaping the duct system with air handling unit
50 100 150 50 150 50
1.184
Power 1.184 8
Air Handling
30 0.487 82
1.184 0.3
2 A B
15 0.487 7.77 2
1.184 7
1.184 0.05 2
B C
75 0.487 6.752
1.184 4
1.184 0.05 0.75 0.5 1
2 C D
30 0.487 5.07 2
1.184 1
1.184 (0.75 0.5 1)
2 BE
15 0.487 6.28 2
1.184 3
1.184 (0.75 0.5 1) 2
C F
Power 4607.811 63.644 394.252 48.849 179.511 5294.07 W
Power 5.294 kW