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阿尔及利亚油气工业投资环境分析
杜云星1,2 孙滨斌2 何顺利3 胡景宏1 朱 健2
(1 中国地质大学(北京)能源学院 2 中国石化集团国际石油勘探开发有限公司
3 中国石油大学(北京)油气工程海外研究所)
摘 要 阿尔及利亚是非洲产油大国,2011年石油总产量位居非洲第三,素有“北非油库”
之称。该国油气储量丰富,勘探成功率高,油气运输管道完善,是非洲油气投资的热点国家之
一。阿尔及利亚目前政局较为稳定,经济在石油的拉动下发展快速,市场潜力巨大。阿尔及利亚
国家石油公司2012年推出了总投资达800亿美元的《2012-2016年中期发展规划》,给我国石油
石化公司带来了新的合作机遇。然而该国商业环境较差,石油行业政策不稳定,而且贸易壁垒高
企,行政效率低下,加之恐怖活动尚未彻底根除、油气田驻地自然条件恶劣等不利因素,对我在
阿投资项目带来了较大的负面影响。
阿尔及利亚从上世纪90年代中 1. 阿尔及利亚油气工业发展
期的内战和政治动荡中走出来后, 一、阿尔及利亚 简史
国民经济和石油工业取得了较快发 油气工业发展现状 阿尔及利亚油气勘探始于20世
展,特别是近年来油气国际合作的 纪上半叶;20世纪50年代中期,撒
步伐明显加快。针对外国石油公司 阿尔 及 利 亚 是 1 2 个 欧佩 克 哈拉地区多个大型油气田相继被外
进入国内进行石油勘探开采,阿尔 (OPEC)成员国之一,石油与天然 国公司发现、开发;1971年,阿尔
及利亚于2005年和2006年颁布了 气产业是阿尔及利亚国民经济的支 及利亚将75%的石油资源和100%的
《新 石油 法》 和《 新石 油法修 正 柱,多年来其产值一直占阿国GDP的 天然气资源收归国有,取得了完全
案》,对该国油气投资环境带来了 30%,税收占国家财政收入的60%, 控制开发本国油气资源的权力,之
较大的影响和冲击。2012年6月, 出口占国家出口总额的97%以上。 后石油工业得到迅速发展 [1];1986
阿尔及利亚国家石油公司提出了总 2011年阿国油气产量为2.06亿吨油 年后,阿尔及利亚油气工业对外开
投资达800亿美元的《2012-2016 当量,其中包括原油和凝析油6210万 放,先后有50余家国际石油公司来
年中期发展规划》,而且预计2013 吨,天然气1400亿立方米。2011年油 阿参与油气勘探开发 [2];1995年,
年阿尔及利亚可能推出新一轮的油 气销售量为1.48亿吨油当量,其中出 油气工业的重点开始由勘探转向开
气勘探区块招标,这将给我国石油 口销售1.11亿吨油当量,油气出口收 发,石油产量平稳增长;进入21世
公司带来新的合作机遇。 入为715亿美元。 纪后,多个大型油田合作项目投产
30 2
合作发现 独立发现
25
1
20
12 27
个
15
16 7 7
10 1 2 19
7 8
2 6 8 3
1 4 3 2
5 8 8 3 5 7 2 9 9 9
6 3 6 8
3 3 4 3 6 3 1 2 4 4 3 5 5
2 1
0
1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 年
图1 阿尔及利亚国家石油公司1986-2011年的油气发现
资料来源:阿尔及利亚国家石油公司网站
影响施工进度 年,55-80.
我国 在阿 投资 项目 成败 的关键 。
[4] 张瑞锋. 阿尔及利亚扎尔则油田提高采
阿尔及利亚油气田多位于撒哈 阿尔 及利 亚国 家石 油公 司与国 外 收率项目的管理研究[D]. 中国石油大
拉沙 漠腹 地, 降雨 量少 、气候 炎 大型 石油 公司 合作 多年 ,对外 合 学(华东)工程硕士学位论文,2007
热、 沙尘 暴频 繁。 根据 某在阿 油 作经 验丰 富。 在石 油勘 探开发 合 年,26-33.
建项目的资料,从2008年开工至 同制 定方 面, 大都 聘请 发达国 家
2010年,影响施工作业的各类天 专门 的咨 询公 司起 草合 同。这 些
气情 况( 根据 阿尔 及利 亚官方 气 收稿日期:2012-09-27
合同 使承 包商 既有 微利 可图, 又
改回日期:2012-11-13
象记 录统 计) 包括 大风 天气( 风 不会 从阿 国获 取太 大的 利润。 对 编 辑:庞孟昌
速≥36千米/小时)645天,沙尘暴 此, 我国 投资 公司 要研 究合同 的
天气243天,以及高温天气(气温 具体 内容 及其 特点 ,充 分把握 合
US pipeline gas and other US LNG sources, and enhance deep processing, low recovery rate of light oil and poor
their voice in energy import; Chinese enterprises should quality; in addition, they are dependent on Russia for some
expand into businesses upstream from LNG, participate in of their oil resources, their operating rate is low, and their
exploration and development, storage and transportation, production and quality can hardly meet domestic demand.
and liquefaction for import of natural gas from the US, Accordingly, Kazakhstan has begun a large-scale retrofit
form integrated regional businesses, and tap into the program at its three major domestic refineries. Upon
values of various links in the industrial chain; in addition, completion of the retrofit at the end of 2015, total processing
Chinese enterprises should acquire or hold shares in some capacity of the three major refineries is expected to amount
companies possessing advanced shale gas development to 19,000,000 tons/year, processing depth to improve to
technology in a well-planned way to accumulate technical 87%~90%, all crude to be domestically produced, and the
experience for the development of shale gas in China. quality of light oil products to reach the Europe IV and V
standards. During the window of opportunity before the
Analysis of investment environment in Algeria's refineries’ retrofit is completed, Chinese enterprises may
hydrocarbon industry supply refined oil to Kazakhstan refined from customers'
By DU Yunxing, School of Energy Resources, China raw materials to realize mutual, win-win benefit, and may
University of Geosciences and Sinopec International actively participate in upgrading the refineries on the basis
Petroleum Exploration & Production Corporation; SUN of technical superiority.
Binbin, Sinopec International Petroleum Exploration &
Production Corporation; HE Shunli, Overseas Oil & Gas Perspectives on China’s shale gas
Research Institute, China University of Petroleum; HU By LI Pilong & ZONG Guohong, Sinochem Corporation
Jinghong, School of Energy Resources, China University of 60
Geosciences; ZHU Jian, Sinopec International Petroleum Key factors in the successful development of shale
Exploration & Production Corporation 47 gas in the US include breakthroughs in horizontal drilling
and staged fracturing technology, complete infrastructure,
Known as “North Africa Oil Depot”, Algeria is a large command of the most advanced geology, and well-
oil-producing country, whose petroleum output ranked developed management and policy support. In developing
the 3rd in Africa in 2011. Thanks to its rich oil and gas shale gas, China faces four major problems: the size and
reserves, high success rate of exploration and complete oil most abundant regions of shale gas resources have yet be
and gas pipeline network, Algeria is one of the hot African identified, evaluation and research methods still aren’
countries for oil and gas investment. In recent years, t specific enough, knowhow in fracturing technology has
Algeria provides a huge potential market as its continuous yet to be acquired, and a business model and management
improvement of political and econom ic situations. methods have yet to be established. China should identify
Sonatrach, the national oil company of Algeria, has made the base shale gas resources along with the geological
its medium-term development planning to invest 80 billion and systemic conditions affecting them, strengthen
U.S. dollar in the hydrocarbon industry, which will bring research, promotion and the application of exploration
opportunities to the Chinese petroleum corporations. & development technology and business models step by
However, Sino-Algerian energy cooperation will also be step, actively conduct pilot projects, and increase policy
faced with many challenges, including the unstable industry guidance and support. The development of shale gas in
policy and the serious trade barrier. In order to provide China is expected to see breakthroughs and progress in the
reference information for the potential investors, the paper next 5 to 10 years.
analyzes the oil & gas investment environment of Algeria
from several aspects, including the social background, the Policy suggestions on the development of shale gas
development status, the legal environment as well as the industry in China
trade barrier. By ZHANG Dingyu, Chongqing Administration of Land,
Resources and Housing 64
Impact of retrofitting Kazakhstan’s refineries
By BI Ming, CNPC International Department 53 Promoting the development of shale gas industry is the
demand of long-term strategic development of China and
Kazakhstan’s refineries suffer problems like old one of the key options to diversify China’s energy supply
equipment, highly inefficient processes, insufficiently and solve the energy shortage. Based on the shale gas