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VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER

NEED
MEASUREMENT OF VOLTAGE FOR METERING, RELAYING AND SYNCHRONIZING.
CLASSIFICATIONS:
INDOOR / OUTDOOR.
OIL FILLED / RESIN CAST.
ELECTROMAGNETIC VT / CAPACITOR VT.

WINDING CONNECTIONS
 STAR
 DELTA

CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES
 INDOOR UPTO 33KV (FOR INDOOR SWITCHGEAR)
 3PHASE VT CAST RESIN TYPE.
 THREE LIMBED - FOR GROUNDED SYSTEM WITH NO DIRECTIONAL RELAYS.
 FIVE LIMBED - FOR RESISTANCE GROUNDED SYSTEM & WHERE DIRECTIONAL
RELAYS ARE USED.
 NORMALLY PROVIDED UPTO 3 CORES, METERING, PROTECTION, ZERO SEQUENCE,
POLARIZING VOLTAGE (THE THIRD CORE IS NOT REQUIRED FOR SOLIDLY GROUNDED
SYSTEM).

OUTDOOR UPTO 33KV


 3 PHASE IN SINLE TANK OIL FILLED.
 OTHERWISE SAME AS INDOOR TYPE.

OUTDOOR 66KV & ABOVE


 1 PHASE OIL FILLED WITH INSULATOR BASE.
 VT LOCATION – LINE SIDE / BUS SIDE
 FOR EHV SYSTEM
 ONE COMMON VT FOR EACH BUS SECTION SHALL BE PROVIDED.
 MANUAL OR AUTOMATIC VT SWITCHING FACILITY SHALL BE PROVIDED WHEN THE
BREAKER IS SWITCHED FROM ONE BUS TO ANOTHER.

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VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER

 BUS VT SHALL BE ELECTROMAGNETIC.

BUS CVT IS NOT RECOMMENDED BECAUSE


 CREATES TRANSIENT OSCILLATIONS ON OUTPUT AND HIGH SPEED RELAYS HAVE TO
BE DELAYED.
 SUBJECT TO FERRO RESONANCE.
 SENSITIVE TO FREQUENCY CHANGE.

LINE CVTS CAN BE USED FOR THE FOLLOWING


 SYCHRONISING.
 LINE VOLTMETER.
 UNDERVOLTAGE RELAY FOR DEAD BUS CHARGING.

WINDING CONNECTIONS
 PRIMARY WINDING SHALL ALWAYS BE STAR CONNECTED AND NEUTRAL EARTHED.
 IN INDOOR SWITCHBOARDS (3.3 TO 33KV) V CONNECTED VT’S ARE ALSO COMMON.
 SECONDARY WINDINGS SHALL BE STAR CONNECTED AND NEUTRAL EARTHED.
 TERTIARY WINDING IS GENERALLY OPEN DELTA TO PROVIDE POLARIZING VOLTAGE.

PROTECTION
 FUSE ON PRIMARY SIDE.
 MCB ON SECONDARY SIDE.
 FOR OUTDOOR SWITCHYARDS ISOLATOR ON PRIMARY SIDE IS PROVIDED IF BUS
DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION IS NOT PROVIDED.
 SPECIFICATION:
 VOLTAGE RATIO (LIKE 220KV / 110V)
√3 √3
 VA BURDEN (50/100/150/200/250/300VA)
 ACCURACY CLASS (0.5 FOR TARIFF METERING, 1 FOR NORMAL METERING AND 3 FOR
PROTECTION CLASS)
 WINDING CONNECTION (SUCH AS STAR / STAR / OPEN DELTA)

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VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER

 OVER VOLTAGE FACTOR.


FOR EFFECTIVELY EARTHED SYSTEM
 CONTINUOUS.
 1.5 FOR 30 SECS.
NON EFFECTIVELY EARTHED SYSTEM.
 CONTINUOUS.
 1.9 FOR 8 HOURS.
 BIL & PF WITHSTAND AS PER IS 3156.
 CREEPAGE DISTANCE FOR INSULATORS AS PER STANDARDS

APPLICATION DESIGN
 VOLTAGE DROP SHOULD BE LIMITED TO
 1% FOR METERING.
 3% FOR PROTECTION.
 SYNCHRONIZING VOLTAGE
 USE PH-N VOLTAGE FOR EFFECTIVELY EARTHED SYSTEM.
 PH – PH FO NON EFFECTIVELY EARTHED SYSTEM.
 IN SYNCHRONIZING CIRCUITS PROVIDE 1:1 AUX. VT’S FOR ISOLATION PURPOSE.
 VTS CONNECTED ON BUS SECTIONS SHALL BE CAPABLE OF TAKING THE LOADS OF
BOTH BUS SECTIONS.
 TYPICAL VA BURDENS FOR CAPACITY CALCULATION:
LINE DISTANCE PROTECTION (NON-SWITCHED TYPE) 50 VA/PH
LINE DISTANCE PROTECTION(SWITCHED TYPE) 40 VA/PH
DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT RELAYS 10 VA/PH
VOLTMETER 5 VA/PH
KW OR KVAR METERS 5 VA/PH
KWh METERS 2-5 VA/PH
PF METERS 5 VA/PH
FREQUENCY METER 5 VA/PH
SYNCHROSCOPE 10 VA/PH
RECORDING VOLTMETER 10 VA/PH
RECORDING FREQUENCY METER 10 VA/PH

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