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6. Anchorage length
The basic anchorage length lb,rqd , is the length of bar required to resist the maximum
force in the reinforcement.
The required anchorage length shall take into consideration the type of steel and bond
properties of the bars.
sd
lb,rqd =
4 f bd
f y
Where, σsd = , (fy = 240MPa for Ф < 10mm, fy = 390MPa for Ф ≥ 10mm
1.15
The table of anchorage length lb,rqd (cm)
Where,
α1 , α2 , α3 , α4, α5 : are coefficient which take amount of, respectively, shape of bar,
concrete cover or spacing between bar, transverse reinforcement not
welded to the main reinforcement, transverse reinforcement welded to
the main reinforcement, and pressure transverse to the reinforcement.
lb,eq = α1 lb,rqd
Where: cd
The nominal cover to reinforcement cnom , is obtained from the minimum cover cmin ,
by adding an allowance for likely deviation during construction Δcdev .
If diameter of bar, Ф ≤ 10
Exposure class
Concrete cover
X0 XC1 XC2/XC3 XC4 XD1/XS1 XD2/XS2 XD3/XS3
cmin,dur (mm) 10 10 20 25 40 40 40
cmin (mm) 10 10 20 25 40 40 40
Cnom (mm) 20 20 30 35 50 50 50
If diameter of bar, Ф ≥ 10mm
This table is based on advice in Schneider book gives for particular exposure
class a summary of the minimum concrete quality and minimum cover to reinforcement
necessary to achieve the design life of 50 years for OPC concrete.
7. Lap length
l0 = α1 α2 α3 α5 α6 lb,rqd ≥ l0,min
The table below show the compression and tension lap lengths l0 (cm) that apply
to good bond condition, grade of rebar 240 MPa and 390MPa and the bar size φ ≤ 32mm.
where the bond condition are poor the values in table should be divided by 0,7 and where
the bar diameter φ ≥ 32mm the values should be divided by [(132 - φ)/100].
Grade diameter Class of concrete
[%] α6
[MPa] [mm] C12/15 C16/20 C20/25 C25/30 C30/37 C35/45 C40/50 C45/55 C50/60 C55/67 C60/75 C70/85
c 1.0 19 16 14 12 10 9 8 8 7 7 7 7
6 t < 33% 1.2 23 19 17 14 13 11 10 9 9 8 8 8
t > 33% 1.4 27 22 19 16 15 13 12 11 10 10 9 9
SD240
c 1.0 25 21 19 15 14 13 11 10 10 9 9 9
8 t < 33% 1.2 30 26 22 19 17 15 13 12 12 11 11 10
t > 33% 1.4 35 30 26 22 19 18 16 14 13 13 13 12
c 1.0 51 43 38 31 28 26 23 21 19 19 18 18
10 t < 33% 1.2 62 52 45 38 34 31 27 25 23 23 22 21
t > 33% 1.4 72 61 53 44 40 36 32 29 27 26 26 25
c 1.0 62 52 45 38 34 31 27 25 23 23 22 21
12 t < 33% 1.2 74 63 54 45 41 37 33 30 28 27 26 25
t > 33% 1.4 86 73 63 53 47 43 38 35 33 32 31 30
c 1.0 72 61 53 44 40 36 32 29 27 26 26 25
14 t < 33% 1.2 86 73 63 53 47 43 38 35 33 32 31 30
t > 33% 1.4 101 85 74 62 55 50 44 41 38 37 36 35
c 1.0 82 70 60 50 45 41 36 33 31 30 29 28
16 t < 33% 1.4 115 97 84 70 63 58 51 47 44 42 41 40
t > 33% 2.0 164 139 121 100 90 82 72 67 62 60 58 57
SD390
c 1.0 103 87 75 63 57 51 45 42 39 38 36 35
20 t < 33% 1.4 144 122 106 88 79 72 63 59 55 53 51 49
t > 33% 2.0 206 174 151 126 113 103 90 84 78 75 73 71
c 1.0 128 109 94 79 71 64 57 52 49 47 46 44
25 t < 33% 1.4 180 152 132 110 99 90 79 73 68 66 64 62
t > 33% 2.0 257 217 188 157 141 128 113 105 97 94 91 88
c 1.0 144 122 106 88 79 72 63 59 55 53 51 49
28 t < 33% 1.4 201 170 148 123 111 101 89 82 76 74 71 69
t > 33% 2.0 288 243 211 176 158 144 127 117 109 106 102 99
c 1.0 164 139 121 100 90 82 72 67 62 60 58 57
32 t < 33% 1.4 230 195 169 141 127 115 101 94 87 84 82 79
t > 33% 2.0 460 390 338 281 253 230 203 188 175 169 163 158
lo = α6 * lbd,qrd
c = compression
t = tension