D.

Definition of integrated vector management

IVM is defined as a rational decision-making process to optimize the use of
resources for vector control (10). It is based on evidence and integrated
management, promoting the use of a range of interventions – alone or in
combination – selected on the basis of local knowledge about the vectors, diseases
and disease determinants. The IVM approach addresses several diseases
concurrently, because some vectors can transmit several diseases and some
interventions are effective against several vectors. IVM will reduce the pressure
imposed by insecticides to select for insecticide resistance.
The conceptualization of IVM benefited from developments in integrated pest
management in agriculture, in which insecticide application has become the method
of last resort. The action and inaction of other divisions of the health sector and of
other public sectors and communities have important implications for disease
prevalence and vector populations. Hence, IVM encourages effective collaboration
within the health sector and with other public sectors, and the empowerment of
communities.
At national level, implementation of IVM requires a public health regulatory
framework and an institutional framework. At the international level, a common
strategy of support is required from the relevant United Nations agencies and
donors, through inter-agency coordination and harmonized activities.
The key elements of an IVM strategy are shown in Table 1.2. These elements should
be supported by legislation and regulation. IVM is a step towards an integrated
disease management approach that incorporates all components of disease control,
including vector control, prevention, treatment and human vulnerability.
Table 1.2 Key elements of an integrated vector management (IVM) strategy
Element Description
Advocacy, social mobilization Promotion and embedding of IVM principles in
and legislation designing policies in all relevant agencies,
organizations and civil society; establishment or
strengthening of regulatory and legislative controls
for public health; empowerment of communities.
Collaboration within the Consideration of all options for collaboration within
health sector and with other and between public and private sectors; application
sectors of the principles of subsidiarity in planning and
decision-making; strengthening channels of
communication among policy-makers, vector-borne
disease programme managers and other IVM
partners.
Integrated approach Ensure rational use of available resources by
addressing several diseases, integrating non-
chemical and chemical vector control methods and
integrating with other disease control methods.
Evidence-based decision- Adaptation of strategies and interventions to local
making ecology, epidemiology and resources, guided by
operational research and subject to routine
monitoring and evaluation.
Capacity-building Provision of the essential material infrastructure,
financial resources and human resources at national
and local level to manage IVM strategies on the
basis of a situational analysis