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Biomedical engineering Respiratory system Biomedical engineering Respiratory system Biomedical engineering Respiratory system
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Respiratory system Pulmonary function tests 1. Static lung volumes and capacities
• assessment of respiratory function Forced, deep inspiration and expiration gives
– very common non-invasive methods of detecting • static lung volumes and capacities
total lung capacity (TLC) =
and quantifying abnormal lung function – spirometer
– two scales of applications – plethysmography forced vital capacity (FVC) +
• pulmonary function tests (= tidal volume (VT) +
– discrete quantitative observations
• dynamic lung capacities and flow rates inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) +
capacities volumes
» screening of diseases of normal population – flow meter expiratory reserve volume (ERV))
» periodic physical examinations of patients chronic
pulmonary conditions
• lung mechanics residual volume (RV)
» evaluate acute changes during disease – air way resistance (=functional residual c. (FRC) –
» follow up after treatment exp. RV )
• diffusion capacity
• patient monitoring
– long-term motoring of vital signs (during anaesthesia)
» ventilation
» gas analysis
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Biomedical engineering Respiratory system Biomedical engineering Respiratory system Biomedical engineering Respiratory system
1. Static lung volumes and capacities 1. Static lung volumes and capacities 1. Static lung volumes and capacities
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Biomedical engineering Respiratory system Biomedical engineering Respiratory system Biomedical engineering Respiratory system
Pm 2V
RV =
Pm1 − Pm 2
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Biomedical engineering Respiratory system Biomedical engineering Respiratory system Biomedical engineering Respiratory system
Biomedical engineering Respiratory system Biomedical engineering Respiratory system Biomedical engineering Respiratory system
• static, balance-typed sensor • dynamic, magnetoacustic sensor • similar to those used in the measurement of partial gas pressures in
• Paulig cell (dumbbell) • sample and reference gas mixed in a blood
• two thin-walled glass spheres homogeneous magnetic field
• current to the coil is cyclically switched • polarographic cell (Clark cell)
suspended between two wedge • thin Teflon membrane permeable to oxygen on the tip of the cell
shaped poles of a permanent magnet on and off ⇒
• spheres are nitrogen filled • pressure signal ∝ ∆[O2] between the gases • polarization voltage 0.7 V ⇒ current ∝ oxygen concentration
• force on oxygen molecules ⇒ • pressure signal is measured with a • galvanic cell
torsion and rotation of dumbbell differential pressure transducer • no external voltage source
• oxygen concentration
• detecting torsion by light reflection • short response time (150 ms)
• non-linear
• detecting torque to maintain balance
by feedback
• linear, accurate, slow(10 s)
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Biomedical engineering Respiratory system Biomedical engineering Respiratory system Biomedical engineering Respiratory system
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