A MORPHOLOGYCAL ANALYSIS OF MORPHEME

IN THE ARTICLE “THE ‘OUTRAGEOUS’ 40-YEARS-OLD FILM THAT

PREDICTED THE FUTURE” WROTE BY Nicholas Barber

AN ANALYSIS
BY:

MIFTAHUSSURUR ABDULLAH
NIM : 321510058

INSTITUT KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN

PERSATUAN GURU REPUBLIK INDONESIA
(IKIP PGRI PONTIANAK)
FAKULTAS PENDIDIKAN BAHASA DAN SENI
PONTIANAK
2016
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, let us pray and thanks onto our God, Allah SWT who has giving us some
mercys and blessings so i can finish this analysis as good as possible. This analysis is
done in order to pass the final examination of Linguistic in the third semester of English
Education Department at Fakultas Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni, Institut Keguruan dan
Ilmu Pendidikan (IKIP PGRI) Pontianak.

This analysis entitled A MORPHOLOGYCAL ANALYSIS of MORPHEME IN THE

ARTICLE of “THE ‘OUTRAGEOUS’ 40-YEARS-OLD FILM THAT PREDICTED
THE FUTURE” WROTE BY Nicholas Barber. Here, i would like to thanks for those who
have helped and guided me to finish this analysis :

1. Aria Djalil as a Chairman of Sinka English Training Centre, Institut Keguruan dan
Ilmu Pendidikan, Pontianak.
2. Evi Novitasari, M.Pd as the lecture of Linguistic of English Education
Department, Institut Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Pontianak.
3. Ryan Cipta Julianda as our supervisor of Sinka English Training Centre, Institut
Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, pontianak.

Finally i can arranged my analysis, i do hope it can be useful for reader in this
world and here after. I realize that i can not avoid the mistake, so i ask appologize
because has not be perfect, i do hope you can share or advice me in order to this article
can be clear and useful.

Januari, 2017

Singkawang

i
 ABSTRACT

In this study, the writer analyzed article under the title A MORPHOLOGICAL
ANALYSIS OF MORPHEME IN THE ARTICLES BY Nicholas Barber ”. In this
analysis, I have tried to analyze the morpgologycal process which includes free and
bound morphemes based on their form, distribution, and function of morphemes occurred
in chapter one of of “THE ‘OUTRAGEOUS’ 40-YEARS-OLD FILM THAT
PREDICTED THE FUTURE”.

ii
 Table of Context

Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................................ i

Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... ii

Table of Content ........................................................................................................................... iii

Chapter 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1

1.1.Background of The Analysis ............................................................................................... 1

1.2.The Problems Of Analysis................................................................................................... 2
1.3.The Objectives Of The Study .............................................................................................. 2
1.4.Significances of the Analysis .............................................................................................. 2
1.5.Scope of the Analysis .......................................................................................................... 2

Chapter 2

2.1. Review of Related Literature ........................................................................................... 3

2.2. Theoritical Analysis ......................................................................................................... 4
2.2.1. Brief Study of Morphology ........................................................................................... 4
2.2.2 Morphology Process ..................................................................................................... 7

Chapter 3 Finding and Discussion ................................................................................................ 8

Conclussion ................................................................................................................................... 29

Reference ...................................................................................................................................... 30

Appendix A ................................................................................................................................... 31

iii
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1.Background Of The Analysis

This article is an opening phase to introduce the study of morphology and

difficulties in finding the exact definition that fully explains the term. It further
investigates the importance of morphemes as a major component of words with reference
to the differences between derivational and inflectional affixes.Morphology as a major
level of linguistic analysis plays a considerable role in producing and building thousands
of English words. English derives a huge number of words on a daily basis from all the
languages of the world and morphology gives you an idea about the source of the words
with rules and regulations on how to form new words.Morphology is crucially connected
to syntax and word formation is the most highly engaged subject in morphology. That is
why the majority of the definitions of morphology concentrate on word structure. Added
to that, words are the smallest units of syntax.

Morphemes are commonly classified into free morphemes (which can occur as
separate words) and bound morphemes (which can't stand alone as words). Morphemes
can be divided into two general classes. Free morphemes are those which can stand alone
as words of a language, whereas bound morphemes must be attached to other morphemes.
Most roots in English are free morphemes (for example, dog, syntax, and to), although
there are a few cases of roots (like -gruntle as in disgruntle) that must be combined with
another bound morpheme in order to surface as an acceptable lexical item.
Free morphemes can be further subdivided into content words and function words.
Content words, as their name suggests, carry most of the content of a sentence. Function
words generally perform some kind of grammatical role, carrying little meaning of their
own. One circumstance in which the distinction between function words and content
words is useful is when one is inclined to keep wordiness to a minimum; for example,
when drafting a telegram, where every word costs money. In such a circumstance, one
tends to leave out most of the function words (like to, that, and, there, some, and but),
concentrating instead on content words to convey the gist of the message. (Steven Weisler
and Slavoljub P. Milekic, Theory of Language. MIT Press, 1999).

1
1.2.The Problems Of Analysis

Depend on the background of the problems described above, to give an explanation

of the principal issues to be discussed. I am as first author will describe the formulation of
the problem and the problem definition as follows:

1. What is Morpheme?
2. How many types of Morpheme?
3. What is the most frequent morpheme in the article?

1.3.The Objectives Of The Study

1. To know what Morpheme is.
2. To increase our knowledge or our reference about Morpheme in the article.
3. To know how many kinds of morpheme in the article.
4. To determine the most frequent morpheme process in the article.
5. To show the most dominant morphemes that used in Nicholas Barber’s Article.
1.4.Significances of the Analysis

This theses is expected to give some significance for readers. They are:

1. To add the reader knowledge about word formation about free and bound
morphemes in the article.
2. To be reference for further studies concern morphology.
1.5.Scope of the Analysis
This Analysis is occured on the morpholiical rocess of free and bound
morphemes form, distribution, function and also the number of affixes that occured in
Nicholas Barber’s Article.

2
 CHAPTERII
2.1. Review of Related Literature

For supporting this analysis, i asked to the other students for those who has done, and
theses analysis which were done by previous generation. They are :
1. Sri Suryanigsih (2015), her theses entitled A MORPHOLOGYCAL ANALYSIS OF
AFFIXATION IN THE NOVEL “HARRY POTTER AND THE SORCERER’S
STONE”.
2. Tri Wahyuningsih( 2008 ), in her thesis entitled, An Analysis Of Slang Used In
Eminem’s Hip-Hop Music. After she had collected the data, she found that The
word formation of slang can be in the form of derivation, compound, clipping or back
formation, acronym, blending, proper name, and imitation. The meaning of slang can
be denotative and connotative.
3. Chandra Fauzi (2015), in his thesis entitled, Morphological Analysis on the Word
Formation in the Selected Eminem’s Rap Songs. In the analysis, after he had
analyzed the data, he found that the forms of slangs in the songs are abbreviation,
facetious, mispronunciations, shortened forms, interjection, figurative expression, and
nick name (calling person). There are some forms that cannot be found in the songs,
they are interjection, and figurative expression form.

3
 2.2.THEORITICAL ANALYSIS
2.2.1. Brief Study of Morphology
A. Morphology

In linguistics, “morphology is the study of the formation and internal organization of

word” (Katamba, 1997:30). Matthews (1991:3) states that, “Morphology is the branch of
linguistics which is concerned with the „form of word‟ in different uses and
construction”. Morphology can be defined as “a branch of linguistics that concerned with
analyzing the structure of words. The morphology of a given word is its structure or
form” (Baldick, 2001). In other word, morphology is the branch of linguistics that studies
pattern of word formation and internal organization, and attempts to formulate the rules of
contruction of word to know the knowledge of the speakers of those languages. Word
formation is creation of a new word, sometimes it changes the word‟s meaning.

B. Type of Morphemes

According to Prof. Argenis A. Zapata (2007), in his article “The smallest units of
language that have a meaning or a grammatical function and form words or parts of
words are called morphemes
In linguistic terminology the minimal parts of words that we have analyzed above
are called morphemes. Morphemes come in different varieties, depending on whether
they are: free or bound and inflectional or derivational.
B.1. Free morphemes
Free morphemes can stand by themselves (i.e. they are what what we
conventionally call words) and either tell us something about the world (free lexical
morphemes) or play a role in grammar (free grammatical morphemes). Man, pizza, run
and happy are instances of free lexical morphemes, while and, but, the and to are
examples for free grammatical morphemes. It is important to note the difference between
morphemes and phonemes: morphemes are the minimal meaning-bearing elements that a
word consists of and are principally independent from sound. For example, the word
zebra ( ziːbr ) consists of six phones and two syllables, but it contains only a single
morpheme. Ze- and -bra are not independent meaning-bearing components of the word
zebra, making it monomorphemic. (Bra as a free morpheme does in fact mean something
in English, but this meaning is entirely unrelated to the -bra in zebra.)

4
B.2. Bound morphemes
Not all morphemes can be used independently, however. Some need to be bound
to a free morpheme. In English the information “plural number” is attached to a word that
refers to some person, creature, concept or other nameable entity (in other words, to a
noun) when encoded in a morpheme and cannot stand alone. Similarly the morpheme -er,
used to describe “someone who performs a certain activity” (e.g. a dancer, a teacher or a
baker) cannot stand on its own, but needs to be attached to a free morpheme (a verb in
this case). Bound morphemes come in two varieties, derivational and inflectional, the
core difference between the two being that the addition of derivational morphemes creates
new words while the addition of inflectional words merely changes word form.
B.3. Derivational morphemes
The signature quality of derivational morphemes is that they derive new words. In
the following examples, derivational morphemes are added to produce new words which
are derived from the parent word.
happy – happiness – unhappiness
frost – defrost – defroster
examine – examination – reexamination
In all cases the derived word means something different than the parent and the
word class may change with each derivation. As demonstrated in the examples above,
sometimes derivation will not cause the world class to change, but in such a case the
meaning will usually be significantly different from that of the parent word, often
expressing opposition or reversal.
probable – improbable
visible – invisible
tie – untie
create – recreate
Independently of whether or not word class changes and how significantly
meaning is affected, derivation always creates (derives) new words from existing ones,
while inflection is limited to changing word form.
B.4. Inflectional morphemes
Inflection (the process by which inflectional morphemes are attached to words)
allows speakers to morphologically encode grammatical information. That may sound
much more complicated than it really is – recall the example we started out with.
The word girls consists of two morphemes :
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a. the free lexical morpheme girl that describes a young female human being
b. the bound inflectional morpheme -s that denotes plural number
Examples for the morphological encoding of other grammatical categories are
tense (past tense -ed as in walked), aspect (progressive aspect as in walking), case
(genitive case as in Mike‘s car) and person (third person -s as in Mike drives a Toyota).
You are likely to notice that
a. overall, English grammar has fairly few inflections and
b. some inflectional endings can signify different things and more than one piece of
grammatical information at once.
The first point can easily be demonstrated by comparing English with German,
which makes more use of inflection. Compare the following two pairs of sentences.
Der Mann sah den Hund
Den Hund sah der Mann
vs.
The man saw the dog
The dog saw the man
If you focus on the meaning of the two German sentences you’ll see that it does
not change, even though we’ve changed the word order. The man is still the one who sees
the dog, not the other way around. By contrast, the English expression changes its
meaning from the first to the second sentence.
Why is this the case? In the German example the definite article is inflected for
accusative case (den Hund), telling us who exactly did what to whom. This allows us to
play around with the word order without changing the meaning of the sentence. English
gives us no way of doing the same. We are forced to stick to a fixed word order due to a
lack of case inflection (except for personal pronouns). Languages such as Latin that
indicate a high degree of grammatical information via inflection (so-called synthetic
languages) generally have a freer word order than analytic languages like English which
have only reasonably very few inflections and rely on word order to signal syntactic
relations (another popular example for a strongly analytic language is Chinese).

6
 2.2.2. The Morphological Process
A. Free Morpheme

According to George Yule (2006), that is morphemes that can stand by themselves as
single words, for example, open and tour.What we have described as free morphemes fall
into two categories.

1. Lexical morphemes

Lexical morphemes are that set of ordinary nouns, adjectives and verbs that we think
of as the words that carry the “content” of the messages we convey. And some examples
are: girl, man, house, tiger, sad, long, yellow, sincere, open, look, follow, and break.

2. Functional morphemes

Other types of free morphemes are called functional morphemes. This set consists
largely of the functional words in the language such as conjunctions, prepositions,
articles and pronouns. Examples are and, but, when, because, on, near, above, in, the,
that, it, them.

B. Bound Morphemes

Bound morphemes is morphemes that can not stand alone.and it divided into two
types:

1. Devirational Morphemes

We change the grammatical category or the meaning of the word.Examples are re-
,de-,un,-ness,-ly etc.

2. Inflectional morpheme

We don’t change the meaning or grammatical category of the word with these.We
use them to mark plurality, tense, agreement, case and etc.

7
 CHAPTER III

FINDING AND DISCUSSION

3.1. FREE MORPHEMES

A. Lexical Morphemes

There are many lexical used in the article of The ‘OUTRAGEOUS’ 40-YEARS-
OLD FILM THAT PREDICTED THE FUTURE”. There are some of the lexical words
found :

NO LEXICAL

1 Acclaim Noun 72 Little Adj

2 Accurate Adjective 73 Look Verb

3 Admit Verb 74 Mad Adj

4 Affair Noun 75 Man Noun

5 Afternoon Noun 76 Media Noun

6 Ahead Adverb 77 Mind Noun

7 Airwave Noun 78 Moral Noun

8 79 Motion Noun

9 announce Verb 80 Much

10 Ask Verb 81 Nation

11 backtracks Verb 82 Network Noun

12 Bank Noun 83 News Noun

13 Best Adj 84 News Noun

14 Bile Noun 85 Next

15 Black Adj 86 Night

8
16 87 Notice

17 Brain Noun 88 Notion

18 breakdown Noun 89 Number

19 Busy Adj 90 Open Verb

20 Cell Noun 91 Outlet

21 Change Verb 92 Pass

22 Character Noun 93 Perfect

23 Classic Adj 94 Picture

24 Collage Noun 95 Pity

25 Comedy Noun 96 Popular

26 Current Adj 97 Predict

27 Commit Verb 98 prepare

28 Common Adjective 99 Programme

29 Complete Verb 100 Prompt

30 Concept Noun 101 Prophet

31 Contact Noun 102 Protest

32 Crazy Adjective 103 Quaint

33 Create Verb 104 Qualm

34 Crime Noun 105 Quote

35 Day Noun 106 Rage

36 Decline Verb 107 Real

37 Division Noun 108 Repartee

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38 Dog Noun 109 Result

39 Drama Noun 110 Sad

40 Ever Adverb 111 Sake

41 Extreme Adj 112 Sane

42 Fair Adj 113 Scene

43 Familiar Adj 114 Several

44 Fancy Verb 115 Share

45 Fatale Noun 116 Shock

46 Film Noun 117 Short

47 Final Adj 118 Show

48 Format Noun 119 Since

49 Four Noun 120 Spout

50 Friday Noun 121 Stand

51 Furious Adj 122 Station

52 Global Noun 123 Strand

53 Gossip Noun 124 Strong

54 Guild Noun 125 Stroy

55 Half Adj 126 Suicide

56 Hell Noun 127 Take

57 Heroine Noun 128 Tell

58 Hesitate Verb 129 Term

59 History Noun 130 Think

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60 Honest Adj 131 Time

61 Idea Noun 132 Top

62 Industry Noun 133 Trade

63 Insist Verb 134 Triumphant

64 Invent Verb 135 Two

65 Journey Noun 136 Variety

66 Kill Verb 137 Verge

67 Last Adj 138 Veteran

68 Like Verb 139 Watch

69 Link Noun 140 Way

70 List Noun 141 With

71 Listen Verb 142 Year

a. Acclaim ( verb) used to give public approval and praise

 She was universally/widely/publicly acclaimed for her contribution
to the discovery.
 She is being acclaimed (= publicly recognized) as the greatest
dancer of her generation.
b. Accurate (adj) : correct, exact and without any mistakes
 an accurate machine
 an accurate description
 The figures they have used are just not accurate.
c. Admit (verb) : to agree that something is true, especially unwillingly
 He admitted his guilt/mistake.
d. Affair (noun) : a situation or subject that is being dealt with or considered; a matter

 She organizes her financial affairs very efficiently.

11
  He's always meddling in (= trying to influence) other people's
affairs.
 What I do in my spare time is my affair (= only involves me) .
e. Afternoon (noun) : the period which starts at about twelve o'clock or after the meal
in the middle of the day and ends at about six o'clock or when the sun goes down.
 It was a sunny afternoon.
 She works three afternoons a week at the library.
 It was on a Saturday afternoon.
f. Ahead (adv) : in front
 The road ahead is very busy.
g. Airwave (noun) : the radio waves used for broadcasting radio and
television programmes, or more generally, radio or television
broadcasting time
 The new series of Batman will be on the airwaves at 6 pm every
Tuesday.
h. Announce (verb) : To state or make known, especially publicly
 They announced the death of their mother in the local paper.
 She announced the winner of the competition to an excited audience.
i. Ask(verb) : to put a question to someone, or to request an answer from someone
 She asked me a question.
 Can I ask a favour of you?

 She asked about Welsh history.

j. Backtrack (verb) : to go back along a path you have just followed
 We went the wrong way and had to backtrack till we got to the right turning.
k. Bank (noun) : an organization where people and businesses can invest or borrow
money, change it to foreign money, etc., or a building where these services are offered
 I need to go to the bank at lunch time.
 I had to take out a bank loan to start my own business.

12
l. Best (adj) : of the highest quality, or being the most suitable, pleasing or effective
type of thing or person
 This is the best meal I've ever had.
 He's one of our best students.
 Are you sure this is the best way of doing it?

m. Bile (noun) : a bitter yellow liquid produced by the liver which helps to
digest fat
 Meat-eaters must produce extensive bile acids in their intestines to
properly digest the meat that they eat.
n. Black (adj) : being the darkest colour there is, like the colour of coal or of a very dark
night
 black shoes
o. Brain (noun) : the organ inside the head that controls thought, memory,
feelings and activity
 Doctors tried desperately to reduce the swelling in her brain.
 The accident left him with permanent brain damage .
p. Breakdown (noun) : a failure to work or be successful
 I had a breakdown (= my car stopped working) in the middle of
the road.
 Both sides blamed each other for the breakdown of talks.
q. Busy (adj) : If you are busy, you are working hard, or giving your attention
to a particular thing
 Mum was busy in the kitchen.
 The kids are busy with their homework.
r. Little (adjective) : small in size or amount
 It came in a little box.
 a little dog/nose/room
 A little old man came into the shop.
 He gave a little smile.

13
s. Look (verb) : to direct your eyes in order to see
 Look! There's grandma.
 They looked at the picture and laughed.
 Look at all this rubbish on the floor.
 She looked up from her book and smiled at me.
t. Mad (adj) : OFFENSIVE mentally ill, or unable to behave in a reasonable way; insane
 I think I must be going mad.
 Do I look like some mad old woman in this hat?
u. Man (noun) : an adult male human being
 a young/tall man
 men and women
 the man in the green jacket
v. Media (noun) : newspapers, magazines, radio and television considered
as a group
 the local/national media
 media attention/coverage/hype/reports
 The issue has been much discussed in the media.
w. Mind (Noun) : the part of a person that makes it possible for a person to think, feel
emotions and understand things.
 Her mind was full of what had happened the night before, and she just wasn't
concentrating.
 Of course I'm telling the truth - you've got such a suspicious mind!
x. Moral (adj) : relating to the standards of good or bad behaviour, fairness, honesty, etc.
which each person believes in, rather than to laws
 It's her moral obligation to tell the police what she knows.
 It is not part of a novelist's job to make a moral judgment .
y. Motion (noun) : the act or process of moving, or a particular action or
movement
 The violent motion of the ship upset his stomach.
 He rocked the cradle with a gentle backwards and forwards
motion.

14
 z. Nation (noun) : a country, especially when thought of as a large group of
people living in one area with their own government, language, traditions,
etc
 All the nations of the world will be represented at the conference.
 The Germans, as a nation, are often thought to be well organized.

B. Functional Morphemes
NO FUNCTIONAL
1 Pre.A 15 Pronoun
A Her
2 Prep 16 Pronun
After In
3 Prep 17 Conj
Amongw Or
4 Prep.A 18 Prep
An Of
5 Conj 19 Prep
And On
6 Prep 20 Pronoun
As She
7 Prep 21 Conj
At Than
8 Prep 22 Conj
Before That
9 Prep 23 Prep.A
Between The
10 Conj 24 Pronoun
But They
11 Prep 25 Prep
By This
12 Prep 26 Prep
For To
13 Prep 27 Pronoun
From Who
14 Pronoun 28 Prep
He With

This set consists largely of the functional words in the language such as
conjunctions, prepositions, articles and pronouns. There are many Functional used in this
article of ‘OUTRAGEOUS’ 40-YEARS-OLD FILM THAT PREDICTED THE
FUTURE”. These are some of the lexical words found:

a. A ( article ) : to mention one thing that countable

Example:
 She buys a apple with her brother
 A cellphone must be increase every single day
 They bring a book for reading together
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b. The ( article) : used before nouns to refer to things or people when a listener or reader
knows which particular things or people are being referred to, especially because
they have already been mentioned or because what is happening makes it clear
Example:
 I just bought a new shirt and some new shoes.
 The shirt was quite expensive, but the shoes weren't.
 Please would you pass the salt.
 I'll pick you up at the station.
c. Of ( preposition) : used to show possession, belonging or origin
 a friend of mine
 the president of the United States
 employees of the company
 the colour of his hair
 a habit of mine
d. And (conjunction) : used to join two words, phrases, parts of sentences or related
statements together; also or in addition to
 Ann and Jim
 boys and girls
 knives and forks
 We were wet and tired
e. To ( preposition) : used after some verbs, especially when the action described in the
infinitive will happen later
Example
 She agreed to help.
 I'll have to tell him.
 Sadly she didn't live to see her grandchildren.
f. By ( preposition) :used to show the person or thing that does something
Example:
 The motorcycle was driven by a tiny bald man.
 We were amazed by what she told us.
 I'm reading some short stories (written) by Chekhov.
g. Or ( conjunction ) : used to connect different possibilities
Example:

16
  Is it Tuesday or Wednesday today?
 You can pay now or when you come back to pick up the paint.
h. In ( preposition ) : inside or towards the inside of a container, place or area, or
surrounded or closed off by something
Example:
 Put the milk back in the fridge when you've finished with it.
 Is Mark still in bed?
 I got stuck in a traffic jam for half an hour.

i. About ( preposition ) : on the subject of; connected with

Example:
 What's that book about?
 a film about the Spanish Civil War
 We were talking/laughing about Sophie.

j. With ( preposition) : in the company or presence of a person or thing

Example:
 I was with Sylvia at the time.
 He lives with his grandmother.
 He's impossible to work with.
k. On ( preposition) : used to show that something is in a position above something else
and touching it, or that something is moving into such a position
Example:
 Look at all the books on your desk!
 Ow, you're standing on my foot!
 Your suitcase is on top of the wardrobe.

l. At ( preposition ) : used to show an exact position or particular place

 We'll meet you at the entrance.
 That bit at the beginning of the film was brilliant.
 She's sitting at the table in the corner.

17
m. From ( preposition ) :sed to show the place where someone or something starts
Example:
 What time does the flight from Amsterdam arrive?
 The wind is coming from the north.
 She sent me a postcard from Majorca.
n. For (preposition) :. intended to be given to
Example:There's a phone message for you.
 I'd better buy something for the new baby.
 There's a prize for the fastest three runners in each category.

o. He ( pronoun ) : used to refer to a man, boy or male animal that has already been
mentioned
Example:
 Don't ask Andrew, he won't know.
 There's no need to be frightened - he's a very friendly dog

p. She ( pronoun ) :used to refer to a woman, girl or female animal that has already been
mentioned
Example:
 I asked my mother if she'd lend me some money, but she said no

q. Me (pronoun ) :used, usually after a verb or preposition, to refer to the person

speaking or writing
Example:
 Is there one for me?
 She gave me some money.
 Could you pass me that book?

r. They ( pronoun ): used as the subject of a verb to refer to people, animals or things
already mentioned or, more generally, to a group of people not clearly described
Example:
 I've known the Browns for a long time. They're very pleasant
 people. Where are my glasses? They were on the table just now.

18
 s. It ( pronoun) : (as subject or object) the thing, animal or situation which has already
been mentioned
Example:
 "Where's my pen? It was on my desk a minute ago." "You left it by the phone."
f. Before (preposition) : at or during a time earlier than (the thing mentioned)
 You should always wash your hands before meals.
 Before leav ing he said goodbye to each of them.
 She's always up before dawn.
g. After (preposition) : following in time, place or order
 Shall we go for a walk after breakfast?
 Some people believe in life after death .
 Her name came after mine on the list.
h. Between (preposition) : in or into the space which separates two places, people or
objects
 The town lies halfway between Rome and Florence.
 Standing between the two adults was a small child.
i. Among (preposition) : in the middle of or surrounded by other things
 I saw a few familiar faces among the crowd.
 Rescue teams searched among the wreckage for survivors.
j. An (determiner) : used instead of 'a' when the following word begins with a vowel
sound.
 an easy question
 an interesting story
 an orange an honour
k. As (Preposition) : used to describe the purpose or quality of someone or something
 She works as a waitress.
 It could be used as evidence against him.
 The news came as quite a shock to us.
 I meant it as a joke.
l. Than (preposition) : used to join two parts of a comparison
 My son is a lot taller than my daughter.
 You always walk faster than I do!

19
  You're earlier than usual.
m. Who (pronoun) : used especially in questions as the subject or object of a verb, when
asking which person or people, or when asking what someone's name is
 Who did this?
 Who's she?
 Who are all those people?
n. This (determiner) : used for a person, object, idea, etc. to show which one is referred
to
 Can you sign this form here for me?
 These books are too heavy for me to carry.
o. That(determiner) : used to refer to a person, object, idea, etc. which is separated from
the speaker by space or time
 I've never liked that cousin of hers.
 Who's that? Is that the girl you told me about?
 How much are those shoes?
3.2. BOUND MORPHEMES

3.2.a. Derivational Mophemes

There are many derivational used in this article of OUTRAGEOUS’ 40-

YEARS-OLD FILM THAT PREDICTED THE FUTURE” . These are some of the
derivational words found:

NO DERIVATIONAL
1 ambiti-ous 23 own-er
2 argue-ment 24 particular-ly
3 beauti-ful 25 perfect-ly
4 briliant-ly 26
5 care-er 27 podcast-er
6 corporat-ion 28 post-er
7 cragg-y 29 predict-ion
8 deep-ly 30 produce-r
9 diabolic-al 31 quest-ion
10 en-courages 32 re-act-ion
11 Ex-act-ly 33 real-ity
12 fiction-al 34 re-brands
13 foot-age 35 Repeated-ly

20
14 found-er 36 re-watch
15 funni-er 37 searing-ly
16 high-er 38 sharp-er
17 immut-able 39 special-ist
18 inexorab-ly 40 spring-er
19 Ir-responsibil-ity 41 view-er
20 late-r 42 vote-r
21 outrage-ous 43 wild-est
22 ambiti-ous 44 write-r

A. Ambitious (adj) : having a strong wish to be successful, powerful or rich

 an ambitious young lawyer

 He's very ambitious for his children (= He wants them to be
successful) .
B. Argument (noun) : a disagreement, or the process of disagreeing

 The children had an argument about/over what game to play.

 He got into an argument with Jeff in the pub last night.
 A decision was finally made after some heated argument.
C. Beautiful (adj) :very attractive
 a beautiful woman
 breathtakingly beautiful scenery
 She was wearing a beautiful dress.
D. Briliantly (adj) : extremely clever or skilled
 He seems to do everything brilliantly - piano playing, skiing, sailing.
E. Career (noun) : the job or series of jobs that you do during your working

life, especially if you continue to get better jobs and earn more money
 He's hoping for a career in the police force/ as a police officer.
F. Corporation (noun) : a large company or group of companies that is

controlled together as a single organization

 a multinational corporation
 the British Broadcasting Corporation
G. Craggy (adj) : describes a man's face that is quite roughly formed and has

loose skin but is also attractive

 a craggy face
 craggy features
H. Deeply (adv) : extremely or strongly

21
  I'm deeply grateful to you.
 He found her comments deeply irritating/offensive.
 We don't want to get too deeply involved with these people.
I. Diabolical (adj) : bad or shocking

 Conditions in the prison were diabolical.

 His driving is diabolical!
J. Encourage (verb) : to make someone more likely to do something, or to

make something more likely to happen

 [ T + to infinitive ] We were encouraged to learn foreign
languages at school.
K. Exactyly (adv) : used when you are giving or asking for information that
is completely correct
 The journey took exactly three hours.
 That'll be £15 exactly, please.
 It tastes exactly the same as the real thing, but has half the fat.
L. Fictional (adj) : imaginary

 a fictional story
 fictional characters
M. Footage (noun) : (a piece of) film especially one showing an event

 Woody Allen's film 'Zelig' contains early newsreel footage.

N. Founder ( noun) : someone who establishes an organization

 She is the founder and managing director of the company.

O. Funnier ( adj) : causing laughter

Do you know any funny jokes?


 I've never found Charlie Chaplin very funny.
 It's a really funny film.
 It's not funny - don't laugh!
P. Higher ( adj) : describes an advanced level of education

 A greater proportion of people with first degrees are now going on

to study for higher degrees.
Q. Immutable (adj) : not changing, or unable to be changed

 an immutable law
 Some people regard grammar as an immutable set of rules.
R. Inexorably (adj) : continuing without any possibility of being stopped
 These events led inexorably to war.

22
S. Irresponsibility (Adj) : impossible to correct or return to a previously existing
situation or condition
 It was an act of gross irresponsibility to leave someone who wasn't properly
trained in charge of the machine.
T. Later (adv) : at a time in the future or after the time you have mentioned

 He'll be back later.

 We could always go later in the season.
 Police questioned him and he was later arrested.
U. Outrageous (adj) : shocking and morally unacceptable
 The judge criticized the "outrageous greed" of some of the lawyers.
 [ + that ] It is outrageous that these buildings remain empty while
thousands of people have no homes.
 These prices are just outrageous
V. Ambitious(adj) : having a strong wish to be successful, powerful or rich
 an ambitious young lawyer
 He's very ambitious for his children (= He wants them to be
successful) .
W. Owner (adj) : someone who owns something
 Are you the owner of this car?
 We still haven't found the dog's owner.
X. Particularly (adv) : especially, or more than usual

 We're particularly interested to hear from people who speak two or

more European languages.
 I didn't particularly want to go, but I had to.
Y. Perfectly (adv) : in a perfect way
 The jacket fits perfectly, the skirt not so well.
 They're perfectly suited.
Z. Poster (noun) : a large printed picture, photograph or notice which you stick

or pin to a wall or board, usually for decoration or to advertise something

 The children put up posters on the classroom walls.
 We noticed a poster advertising a circus.

23
3.2.b. Inflectional Mophemes

There are many inflectional used in this article of OUTRAGEOUS’ 40-

YEARS-OLD FILM THAT PREDICTED THE FUTURE” . These are some of the
inflectional words found:

NO INFLECTIONAL
1 admit-s 40 Opens
2 Airwaves 41 Oscars
3 announce-s 42 people-s
4 appall-ed 43 plummet-ing
5 articulat-ing 44 podcaster-s
6 articulat-ing 45 polician-s
7 audienc-es 46 posthum-ous
8 award-ed 47 producers
9 backtrack-s 48 programme's
10 Believed 49 puff-ing
11 buzz-ing 50 quote-s
12 chatt-ing 51 Ranked
13 come-s 52 rat-ings
14 Conceits 53 rat-ings
15 corporation-s 54 rebrand-s
16 create-d 55 Releas-ed
17 create-s 56 rewatch-ing
18 critic's 57 Ripping
19 culture's 58 runn-ing
20 Directed 59 shack-ing
21 encourage-s 60 shock-ing
22 exploit-ed 61 sophisticat-ed
23 fever-ed 62 stand-s
24 Films 63 station-'s
25 fulminate-s 64 subject-ed
26 Guilds 65 tempt-ing
27 gush-ing 66 term-s
28 imagine-d 67 think-s
29 imagin-ing 68 thrill-ed
30 Institute's 69 time-s
31 intoduc-ing 70 today-'s
32 invent-s 71 viewer-s
33 law-s 72 voter-s
34 miss-ing 73 warn-ed

24
35 mutter-ed 74 weeks'
36 natgion-s 75 what-'s
37 network's 76 winn-ing
38 night-'s 77 year-s
39 Nominated

A. Admits (verb) : to allow someone to enter a place

 Each ticket admits one member and one guest.

 Men will not be admitted to the restaurant without a tie.
 A gap between the curtains admitted the faint
B. Airwaves (noun) the radio waves used for broadcasting radio and
television programmes, or more generally, radio or television
broadcasting time
 The new series of Batman will be on the airwaves at 6 pm every
Tuesday.
C. Announces (verb) : to state or make known, especially publicly

 He announces the death of their mother in the local paper.

 She announces the winner of the competition to an excited
audience.
D. Appaled (adj) : shocking and very bad
 appalling injuries
 Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions.
E. sArticulating (verb) : to express in words

 I found myself unable for articulaing my feelings.

 Many people are opposed to the new law, but have had no
opportunity for articulating their opposition.
F. Audiences (noun) : the group of people together in one place to watch or

listen to a play, film, someone speaking, etc.

 She lectures to audiences all over the world.
 The secret to public speaking is to get the audience on your side.
 The audience was/were clearly delighted with the performance.
G. Awarded (verb) : to give money or a prize following an official decision

25
  Carlos was awarded first prize in the essay competition.
 The jury awarded libel damages of £100 000.
H. Believed (verb) : to think that something is true, correct or real

 Strangely, no one believed us when we told them we'd been

visited by a creature from Mars.
 [ + that ] He believed that all children are born with equal
intelligence.
 She's arriving tomorrow, I believe.
 "Is she coming alone?" "We believe not/so (= We think she is
not/is) ."
I. Buzzing (verb) : to make a continuous low sound such as the one a bee makes
 The place was buzzing (with excitement).
 Reporters were buzzing around , trying to get the full story.
J. Chatting (verb) : to talk to someone in a friendly informal way

 She spends hours on the phone chatting to her friends.

 We were just chatting about what we did last weekend.
 Whenever I walk in, I always find the two of them chatting away
(= talking eagerly) .
K. Comes (verb) : to move or travel towards the speaker or with the speaker

Can you come to my party?

Here comes Adam.
L. Conceits (noun) : a clever or surprising comparison, especially in a poem
M. Corporations (verb) a clever or surprising comparison, especially in a poem
 a multinational corporation
 the British Broadcasting Corporation
 She didn't want to work for a big corporation where everything
was so impersonal.

N. Created( Verb) : to make something new, especially to invent something

 Charles Schulz created the characters 'Snoopy' and 'Charlie
Brown'.

26
  The Bible says that God created the world.
 He created a wonderful meal from very few ingredients.
 It's important to create a good impression when you meet a new
client.
O. Creates (verb): to show that you are angry

 If she sees you with an ice cream she'll only start creating.
P. Directed (verb) : To be in charge of a film or play and tell the actors how to play
their parts.
 'Jaws' was directed by Steven Spielberg.
 Criticism was directed against/at the manufacturers of the product.
Q. Encourages (verb) : to make someone more likely to do something, or to make
something more likely to happen
 The council encourages the development of the property for both employment
and recreation.
R. Exploited (verb) : to use something for advantage
 We need to make sure that we exploited our resources as fully as possible.
 Laws exist to stop companies exploited their employees.
S. Fevered (adj) : unnaturally excited or active
 The film is clearly the product of a fevered imagination .
 The nurse wiped my fevered brow.
T. Films (verb ) : to record moving pictures with a camera, usually to make a

film for the cinema or television

 Most of the scenes films in a studio.
 She films for a week in Spain.
U. Tempting (adj) : If something is tempting, you want to do or have it

 a tempting offer
 That pie looks very tempting.
 [ + to infinitive ] It's tempting to blame television for the increase
in crime.
V. Gushing (adj) : expressing a positive feeling, especially praise, in such a

strong way that it does not sound sincere

 One of the more gushing newspapers described the occasion as 'a
fairy-tale wedding'.
W. Ripping (verb) : to pull apart; to tear or be torn violently and quickly
 His new trousers were ripping when he bent down.
 I was ripping my shirt on a nail.
X. Warned ( verb) : to make someone realise a possible danger or problem, especially
one in the future

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  [ + object + to infinitive ] We were warned not to eat the fish which
might give us a slight stomach upset.
 [ + object + ( that ) ] Have you warned them (that) there will be an
extra person for dinner?

Y. Thinks (verb) : to believe something or have an opinion or idea

 She thinks (that) I've met you before.
 He thinks it is important to learn English.
Z. Stands (verb) : to be in a vertical state or to put into a vertical state, especially (of a
person or animal) by straightening the legs
 Granny says if she stands (up) for a long time her ankles hurt.
 Martina currently stands second in the world listings.

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 CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSSION

Based on the analysis of THE ARTICLE The ‘OUTRAGEOUS’ 40-YEARS-OLD FILM THAT
PREDICTED THE FUTURE”, I would like to explain some conclusion as follows:

1. Free lexical : 142 times

2. Free functional, in this article there are 28 free functional :
a. Article : 3 times
b. Prepotion : 14 times
c. Pronoun : 6 times
d. Conjuction : 5 times
3. Bound derivational : 44 times
a. Suffix : 40 times
b. Prefix : 6 times
4. Bound inlflectional : 77
a. Past (-d or –ed) : 16
b. Present participle : 14
c. Plural : 28

29
 REFERENCE

Sri Suryanigsih (2015), her theses entitled A MORPHOLOGYCAL ANALYSIS OF

AFFIXATION IN THE NOVEL “HARRY POTTER AND THE SORCERER’S STONE”.
Tri Wahyuningsih( 2008 ), in her thesis entitled, An Analysis Of Slang Used In Eminem’s
HipHop Music.
Chandra Fauzi (2015), in his thesis entitled, Morphological Analysis on the Word Formation
in the Selected Eminem’s Rap Songs.
FebryWulanPangesti (2016), MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS ON MORPHONE IN THE
ARTICLE “Bullying in School: The Traumatic Effects of Bullying on Children”.
Nur Saifudin (2016), A morphological analysis of free and bound morphemes in the
articles by Kaychi Woodley

30
 APPENDIX A.

The ‘outrageous’ 40-year-old film that predicted the future

By Nicholas Barber

30 November 2016

When Network was released in November 40 years ago, the poster warned audiences
to prepare themselves “for a perfectly outrageous motion picture”. The film was written by
Paddy Chayevsky (Marty, The Hospital) and directed by Sidney Lumet (Serpico, Dog Day
Afternoon), both of whom made their names in television in the 1950s, and both of whom
believed that the industry, and the world, had been in decline ever since.

Network was their furious howl of protest. It was a triumphant black comedy,
winning four Oscars, being nominated for two more, and going on to be held in ever
higher acclaim. In 2006, the Writers Guilds of America chose Chayevksy’s screenplay as
one of the 10 best in cinema history. Last year, BBC Culture’s critics’ poll of the 100 best
American films ranked Network at 73.“The scary thing is that even Network’s wildest
flights of fancy no longer seem outrageous at all”

But is it really “perfectly outrageous”? It’s easy to believe that, in 1976,

Chayevsky and Lumet’s bleak view of television’s crassness and irresponsibility was
deeply shocking. But the scary thing about re-watching Network today is that even its
wildest flights of fancy no longer seem outrageous at all. The film was so accurate in its
predictions that its most far-fetched satirical conceits have become so familiar as to be
almost quaint.

It opens with a deadpan narrator introducing us to Howard Beale (Peter Finch,

who died soon after the film was made, and was awarded a posthumous Oscar), the
veteran news anchorman of a fictional New York-based television station, UBS. When he
is given two-weeks’ notice as a result of his plummeting ratings, he announces on-air that
he will commit suicide on his final programme; brilliantly, the programme’s producers
are too busy chatting among themselves to listen. He soon backtracks. He won’t kill
himself, he admits, but he will exactly say what’s on his mind. The station’s viewers are
thrilled. Rather than sacking him, UBS rebrands him as “the mad prophet of the

31
 airwaves”, and encourages him to spout whatever bile comes gushing from his fevered
brain.

Max Schumacher (William Holden), the craggy president of the station’s news
division, is appalled that Howard’s nervous breakdown is being exploited for the sake of
ratings. But an ambitious producer, Diana Christiansen (Faye Dunaway), creates a glitzy
new format for him - half current-affairs strand, half variety show - complete with Sybil
the Soothsayer, who predicts the next night’s news, and a gossip specialist called Miss
Mata Hari. Her argument is that while Howard may not be particularly coherent, or
particularly sane, he is “articulating the popular rage”. His catchphrase now stands as
number 19 in the American Film Institute’s list of best movie quotes: “I’m mad as hell,
and I’m not going to take this anymore!”

‘Like prophecy’

“Seen a quarter-century later,” wrote Roger Ebert in the Chicago Sun-Times in

2000, “it is like prophecy. When Chayevsky created Howard Beale, could he have
imagined Jerry Springer, Howard Stern and the World Wrestling Federation?” It’s a fair
question. A further 16 years later, though, it’s tempting to ask whether Chayevsky was
imagining today’s podcasters, or even today’s shock-jock politicians, who sway voters by
“articulating the popular rage” in terms no more sophisticated than Howard’s. Chayevsky
and Lumet had more in common with Sybil the Soothsayer than they knew.

The film was prescient in other areas, too. After Howard goes on air to insist that
American businesses should be owned by Americans, he is summoned to a boardroom by
the owner of UBS, Arthur Jensen (Ned Beatty), and subjected to a fire-and-brimstone
sermon on global capitalism. “You are an old man who thinks in terms of nations and
peoples,” fulminates Jensen. “There are no nations. There are no peoples ... There is only
IBM and ITT and AT&T, and DuPont, Dow, Union Carbide and Exxon. Those are the
nations of the world today. The world is a college of corporations, inexorably determined
by the immutable by-laws of business.” Perfectly outrageous? Over the top? On the
contrary. In 2016, Beatty’s economic analysis doesn’t prompt any reaction more extreme
than a nod and a muttered, “Sad, but true.”

32
 But the most prophetic part of Network has little to do with Howard. Running
alongside his story, there is a sharper, funnier subplot concerning Diana’s other
brainwave: The Mao Tse-Tung Hour. Her idea is a weekly drama series about a real
revolutionary group, the Ecumenical Liberation Army, which incorporates footage of
genuine crimes committed by the ELA itself. In short: Diana invents modern reality
television.

Ahead of her time?

Diana has her idea when she sees some black-and-white footage of an ELA bank
robbery - footage that was shot by the robbers themselves. At first, she is amazed. “You
mean, they actually shot this film while they were ripping off the bank,” she marvels.
Nowadays, though... well, which terrorist cell bothers to commit any crime without
filming it? Which television station or social media outlet would hesitate to show such
amateur footage? And the crazy notion that shots of a violent crime scene could be
spliced into a weekly television docudrama? It didn’t stop American Crime Story: The
People v OJ Simpson winning four Emmy Awards. Network repeatedly tells us that
Diana is a diabolical femme fatale and a soulless, ambition-crazed moral vacuum.
Actually, she is just ahead of her time.

Diana is a liberated 1970s career woman as well as a classic screwball heroine

Indeed, if several of the characters and concepts in Network have made the
journey from ‘outrageous’ to ‘ordinary’ over the past 40 years, Diana has gone further:
she now looks a lot like the film’s heroine. It’s true that she is happy to profit from
Howard’s instability and, when his ratings founder again, she has no qualms about
arranging his assassination. But, well, nobody’s perfect.

Played with breezy confidence by the searingly beautiful Dunaway, Diana is

strong, honest, open about her sexual proclivities, and driven by a buzzing enthusiasm for
her job. She is a liberated 1970s career woman, as well as a classic screwball heroine: the
missing link between Rosalind Russell’s Hildy in His Girl Friday and Tina Fey’s Liz
Lemon in 30 Rock. The only pity is that instead of having a Cary Grant or an Alec
Baldwin to trade repartee with, she has the pompous and misogynistic Max, so it’s always

33
 a relief when she gets to share a scene with her fiery contact at the ELA, a Communist
guerilla named Laureen Hobbs (Marlene Warfield).

Much of Network is depressing to watch now, because it envisages changes in the

media which have since come to pass, and they are changes for the worse. But whenever it
shows Diana bubbling with innovations, pushing for “counter-culture” and “anti-
establishment” programming, and outmanoeuvring the pipe-puffing old men in her way, the
film verges on being optimistic. Lumet and Chayevsky probably wouldn’t see it that way, but
if there are a few more women like her in network television now than there were in 1976, it
has to be change for the better.

34