Introduction to town planning

Town planning is the art of shaping and guiding the physical growth of the town
creating buildings and environment to meet the various needs of the society, such
as
 Social
 Cultural
 Economic
 Recreational
and provide healthy conditions for both rich and poor to live work and relax.

Town planning is aimed to bring social and economic well being of the
mankind.

Aims and objectives of Town planning:

The objective of the town planning is to bring

 Healthy conditions
 Convenience
 Beauty

Healthy conditions:
 To create healthy conditions and environments for all the people to live, to
work, to play and relax.
 To make the right use of land for the right purpose by proper zoning of land
such as Residential , commercial, institutional, and recreational etc.-in order
to plan structured development of the town.

Convenience:
To provide various social and physical infrastructural facilities like

 Recreational amenities (parks, play grounds, stadium, theatres etc.)

 Social, economical &cultural amenities
 Water supply
 Proper Sewage &Drainage Network
 Electricity
 Transport facilities etc.
Beauty:
 To preserve the individuality of the town by developing it on the most suited
natural conditions.
 To preserve the aesthetics in the design of all elements of the town, which
includes
 Protection of natural greenery
 Architectural control on design of new buildings and
conservation of buildings of historical importance

Principles of town planning

 There should be no haphazard method in planning process

 Housing needs of various categories of people should be catered, So as to
prevent growth of slums.
 Civic amenities like shopping centers, dispensaries, schools etc should be
provided to the residents.
 Adequate open spaces should be reserved for public recreation and for future
expansion of the town.
 Public and semi public buildings should be grouped and distributed
throughout the town
 The system of zoning should be strictly followed. - the town should be
divided into zones such as residential zone, commercial zone, industrial
zone, recreational zone etc.
 The growth of town should be controlled by the provision of green belt.
 This area can be used for agricultural purpose, recreational
amenities like parks, play grounds and picnic spots etc.
 The main purpose of green belt is to prevent the urbanization
beyond the outer periphery of the town.

Necessity of town planning

After the industrial revolution took place in (1760-1820) the towns and cities
become overcrowded.
And this has resulted in the haphazard development, chaos and disorder of the
town.
Following are the major issues which the town suffers in the absence of town
planning
 The suburban sprawl has entirely engulfed every town and city. The people
have to go far off in the countryside to get open air &breeze.

 People will have to take long uncomfortable journey from place of work to
place of residence. As such there is waste of time, money and energy.

 Roads will become congested with increasing traffic and resulted in

accidents and noise pollution.

 The siting of industries in the heart of the city has resulted pollution of air,
water etc.

 The increased industrial population has given rise to the formation of

squatter settlements, slums etc.

 Insufficient open space , parks, play grounds have caused unhealthy living
conditions.

 Lack of public infrastructure such as water supply, drainage, sewage,

electricity etc.