Hadhramout University

Faculty of Engineering and Petroleum

Chemical Engineering Department

HEAT EXCHANGER
DESIGN

Prepared by:
Esmail Hamid Alnaamani
Maged Ali Aljaylani
Abdualrazak Alsaadi
Abduallah Alaamodi

Supervisor:
Prof.Ahmed Mubarak Alsobaai
 Introduction
Heat exchangers: are devices that facilitate the exchange of heat between two fluids that
are at different temperatures while keeping them from mixing with each other.
Heat exchangers can be classified in a number of ways, depending on their construction
or on how the fluids move relative to each other through the device:
1. A double-pipe heat exchanger consists of two concentric pipes or tubes. One fluid-the
warmer one, for example-flows through the inner pipe. Another fluid flows through the
annulus. Due to a temperature difference between the fluids, heat is transferred. The
fluid streams (in the pipe and in the annulus) could be traveling in the same direction
(parallel jaw) or in opposite directions (counter flow).
2. A shell-mid-tube exchanger consists of a huge outer cylinder (called the shell) within
which are contained many tubes. Generally, the shell and-tube exchanger can handle
fluid-flow rates that are many times as large as those in a double-pipe exchanger.
3. A cross flow heat exchanger is one in which the two fluid paths cross each other
,usually at right angles. Common examples of crossflow exchangers include an
automobile radiator, an oil cooler, and the coil and the evaporator of an air-
conditioning system.
4. Plate and frame exchangers (plate heat exchangers): used for heating and cooling.
5. Plate-fin exchangers.
6. Spiral heat exchangers.
7. Air cooled: coolers and condensers.
8. Direct contact: cooling and quenching.
9. Agitated vessels.
 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger, Design Methodology

The prime objective in the design of an exchanger is to determine the surface area required
for the specified duty (rate of heat transfer) using the temperature differences available.
There are many algorithms for the design of shell-and-tube exchangers. We will focus only
on the algorithm used on the calculation of Example 12.3 Vol.6 and the equations, tables
and figures used in the calculation. This algorithm shown on the figure below:
Know we will illustrate the equations used in each step.

Step 1: Specification
Heat load = m*Cp*∆T
m: mass flow rate
Cp : heat capacity
∆T : Temprature difference
∆T mean =(T1+T2)/2

Step 2: Physical Properties

(Physical properties from D. Q. Kern, Process Heat Transfer, McGraw-Hill).

Step 3: Overall coefficient

The first iteration of overall coefficient is taken from the table below
Step 4: Exchanger type and dimensions
An even number of tube passes is usually the preferred arrangement, as this positions the
inlet and outlet nozzles at the same end of the exchanger, which simplifies the pipework.
We calculate the mean temperature difference starting by logarithmic temperature

We calculate Ft from the figure below

Where and
Step 5: Heat transfer area
We calculate the heat transfer area from the equation of heat transfer

Step 6: Layout and tube size

Step 7: Number of tubes

K 1 and n 1 are calculated from the table below.

Step 8: Bundle and shell diameter

Also from the figure below

Step 9: Tube-side heat transfer coefficient

Or it can be found from the figure below

Step 10: Shell-side heat transfer coefficient

Calculate the shell-side heat transfer coefficient h s from:

Step 11: Overall coefficient

Step 12: Pressure drop

Tube-side

Friction factor is calculated from the figure below

 Calculations
1. Manual calculation
2. ChemCAD calculation