EZ Thread University

Thread Science

~101~
How to Become a Thread Hero
 {EZ }
save t
save the thread
he day
!

“One of my primary objects is to form the tools so the tools themselves

shall fashion the work and give to every part its just proportion.”
Eli Whitney
 Thread Science 101
Thread
Anatomy

Bolt Nut
Pitch

Crest
Root

Pitch minor major

Dia. dia. dia.

Flank
Thread
Angle

{ Did you know all inch, metric, and pipe threads

all have the same thread angle? }
 Thread Science 101
Threads Get
Damaged!

A C K
SM

ly
typical d
a r e D amage
Crests t
are no
Roots
 Thread Science 101
How EZ Thread
Works!
Keep it
clean
& oiled
gentle tool
pressure...
Let the tool
do the work!

752 to the
rescue!

restores Like!
the crest! New
Thread Lingo
Threading Thread Science 101
Threading Glossary

acme thread A screw thread having a 29 degree included angle. Used largely for
feed and adjusting screws on machine tools.

addendum The addendum of an external thread is the radial distance between

the major and pitch cylinders or cones, respectively. The addendum of
an internal thread is the radial distance between the minor and pitch
cylinders or cones, respectively. This term applies to those threads
having a recognized pitch diameter or pitch cone. The addendum can
also be defined as the height by which a tooth projects beyond a pitch
cylinder, plane, or cone.

allowance An intentional clearance between internal or external thread and the

design form of the thread when the thread form is on its maximum
metal condition. Not all classes of fit have an allowance. For metric
threads the allowance is called the fundamental deviation.

axis The line, real or imaginary, passing through the center of an object
about which it could rotate; a point of reference.

axis of thread The axis of a thread is coincident with the axis of its pitch cylinder or
cone.

back taper A slight decrease in diameter from point to back in the body of the drill.
Back taper can also be defined as a light decrease in diameter, from
front to back in the flute length of reamers, or as a gradual decrease in
the diameter of the thread form on a tap from the chamfered end of
the land towards the back which creates a slight radial relief in the
threads.

basic form of thread The permanent reference profile, from which the design forms for both
external and internal threads are developed.

basic thread profile This is the theoretical profile of external and internal threads with no
manufacturing tolerance applied.

blunt start (blunt end) thread “Blunt start” (“blunt end”) designates the removal of the incomplete
thread at the end of the thread. This is a feature of threaded parts that
are repeatedly assembled by hand, such as hose couplings and
thread plug gages, to prevent cutting of hands and crossing of
threads, and which was formerly known as a Higbee cut.
Threading Thread Science 101

center gage A small, flat gage having 60 degree angles that is used for grinding
and setting the thread cutting tools in a lathe. It may also be used to
check the pitch of threads and the points of center.

chamfer The tapering of the threads at the front end of each land of a tap by
cutting away and relieving the crest of the first few teeth to distribute
the cutting action over several teeth. Taper taps are chamfered 7-10
multiples of the thread pitch from the tap point. Plug taps are
chamfered 3-5 times the pitch. Bottoming taps are chamfered 1-2
times the pitch. Specification of chamfer lengths in multiples of pitch
avoids variations in the counting of threads on various tap lands.

chasing threads Cutting threads in a lathe or screw machine.

classes of threads Threads of a given type are distinguished from each other by the
amounts of tolerance or tolerance and allowance specified. Various
combinations of these tolerances and allowances have been set in
tables to form a set of standard classes.

complete thread The complete (full form) thread is that cross section of a threaded
length having full form at crest and root. (See effective thread, length
of complete thread.) Note: Formerly in pipe thread terminology this
was referred to as “the perfect thread” but that term is no longer
considered desirable.

crest The surface of the thread that joins the flanks of the thread and is
farthest from the cylinder or cone from which the thread projects. The
crest of an external thread is at its major diameter while the crest of an
internal thread is at its minor diameter.

crest truncation The crest truncation of a thread is the radial distance between the
sharp crest (crest apex) and the cylinder or cone that would bound the
crest.

cumulative pitch The distance measured parallel to the axis of the thread between
corresponding points on any two threads whether or not they are in
the same axial plane.

dedendum (thread) The dedendum of an external thread is the radial distance between
the pitch and minor cylinders or cones, respectively. The dedendum of
an internal thread is the radial distance between the major and pitch
cylinders or cones, respectively. (This term applies to those threads
having a recognized PD or pitch cone.)
Threading Thread Science 101

depth of thread engagement The depth (or height) of thread engagement between two coaxially
assembled mating threads is the radial distance by which their thread
forms overlap each other.

design form of thread The design form of an internal or external thread is the thread form in
its maximum metal condition. It is the same as the basic thread profile
except that the thread roots are rounded. If either the internal or
external thread form exceeds the design form of the thread profile, a
potential interference exists.

design thread form The design thread form is the maximum material form permitted for
the external or internal thread. In practice, unless otherwise specified,
the form of root is an indeterminate contour not encroaching on the
maximum material form of the mating thread when assembled.

die (threading) A tool used to cut external threads.

die stock The frame and two handles (bars) which hold the dies (chasers) used
for cutting (chasing) external screw threads.

die threading A process for producing external threads, usually on small diameter
rod, wire, pipe or tubing, using a one-piece or two-piece die with
integral cutting edges. Die threading is the counterpart of tapping.

effective diameter This is the diameter of an imaginary cylinder coaxial with the thread,
which has equal metal and space widths. It is often referred to as pitch
diameter. Sometimes referred to as the simple effective diameter to
differentiate from the virtual effective diameter.

effective thread The effective (or useful) thread includes the complete thread, and
those portions of the incomplete thread which are fully formed at the
root but not at the crest (in taper pipe threads this includes the so-
called black crest threads), thus excluding the vanish thread.

external thread A thread on a cylindrical or conical external surface.

feather edge Same as feather burr except that feather edge can also refer to the
ends of a lead-in or lead-out thread, which is a very thin machined
ridge. Sometimes called a wire edge or whisker-type burr.

first full thread The first full thread on the cutting edge back of the chamfer. It is at this
point that rake, hook, and thread elements are measured.
Threading Thread Science 101

fishtail A common name for the center gage. It is used to set thread cutting
tools and has scales on it for determining the number of threads per
inch.

flank The flank (or side) of a thread is either surface connecting the crest
with the root. The flank-surface intersection with an axial plane is
theoretically a straight line.

flank angle The flank angles are the angles between the individual flanks and the
perpendicular to the axis of the thread, measured in an axial plane. A
flank angle of a symmetrical thread is commonly termed the half angle
of thread.

flank-leading 1. The flank of a thread facing toward the chamfered end of a

threading tool. 2. The leading flank of a thread is the one which, when
the thread is about to be assembled with a mating thread, faces the
mating thread.

flank-trailing The trailing flank of a thread is the one that is opposite to the leading
flank.

flutes (tap) The longitudinal channels formed in a tap to create cutting edges on
the thread profile and to provide chip spaces and cutting fluid
passages. On a parallel or straight thread tap they may be straight,
angular, or helical; on a taper thread tap they may be straight, angular,
or spiral.

following flank The following (trailing) flank of a thread is the one that is opposite to
the leading flank.

form diameter The diameter at the point nearest the root from which the flank is
required to be straight.

form of thread The form of a thread is its profile in an axial plane for a length of one
pitch of the complete thread.

front taper A gradual increase in the diameter of the thread form on a tap from
the leading end of the tool toward the back.
Threading
functional (virtual) diameter
fundamental deviation
fundamental triangle height
gage, screw pitch
half nut
height of fundamental
triangle
height of thread
Thread Science 101
The functional diameter (virtual condition per ANSI Y14.5M) of an
external or internal thread is the pitch diameter of the enveloping
thread of perfect pitch, lead, and flank angles, having full depth of
engagement but clear at crests and roots and of a specified length
engagement. It may be derived by adding to the pitch diameter in the
case of an external thread, or subtracting from the pitch diameter in
the case of an internal thread, the cumulative effects of deviations
from specified profile, including variations in lead (uniformity of helix)
and flank angle over a specified length of engagement. The effects of
taper, out-of-roundness, and surface defects may be positive or
negative on either external or internal threads. A perfect internal or
external GO-thread gage having a pitch diameter equal to that of the
specified material limit and having clearance at crest and root is the
enveloping thread corresponding to that limit.
An intentional clearance between internal or external thread and the
design form of the thread when the thread form is on its maximum
metal condition. For metric threads the fundamental deviations are
designated by letters--capitals for internal threads and small letters for
external threads. Some tolerance classes have a fundamental
deviation of zero. For imperial threads the fundamental deviation is
called the allowance.
The fundamental triangle height is normally designated with the letter
H. This is the height of the thread when the profile is extended to a
sharp vee form. For 60 degree thread forms such as metric and
Unified thread series, H equals 0.866025 times the thread pitch.
A gage consisting of a group of thin blades, used for checking the
number of screw threads per unit of distance--usually per inch--on a
screw, bolt, nut, pipe, or fitting.
A lever-operated mechanism that resembles a split nut that can be
closed on the lead screw of a lathe when threads are being cut.
The height of the fundamental triangle of a thread, that is, the height of
a sharp-V thread, is the distance, measured radially, between the
sharp major and minor cylinders or cones, respectively.
The height (or depth) of thread is the distance, measured radially
between the major and minor cylinders or cones, respectively.
Threading Thread Science 101

helix A path formed as a point advances uniformly around a cylinder, as the

thread on a screw or the flutes on a drill.

helix angle (threading) On a straight thread, the helix angle is the angle made by the helix of
the thread and its relation to the thread axis. On a taper thread, the
helix angle at a given axial position is the angle made by the conical
spiral of the thread with the axis of the thread. The helix angle is the
complement of the lead angle.

included angle The included angle of a thread (or angle of thread) is the angle
between the flanks of the thread measured in an axial plane.

incomplete thread A threaded profile having either crests or roots, or both crests and
roots not fully formed, resulting from their intersection with the
cylindrical or end surface of the work or the vanish cone. It may occur
at either end of the thread.

internal thread A thread on a cylindrical or conical internal surface.

interpolation A function of control enabling data points to be generated between

specific coordinate positions to allow simultaneous movement of two
or more axes of motion in a defined geometric pattern. For example. in
NC, curved sections can be approximated by a series of straight lines
or parabolic segments. Also known as linear interpolation.

interrupted thread tap A tap having an odd number of lands with alternate teeth in the thread
helix removed. In some cases alternate teeth are removed only for a
portion of the thread length.

land (tap) One of the threaded sections between the flutes of a tap.

lead The distance a thread will advance along its axis in one complete
revolution.

left-hand thread A screw thread that is screwed in by rotating counterclockwise.

length of engagement The axial distance over which an external thread is in contact with an
internal thread.

major diameter This is the diameter of an imaginary cylinder parallel with the crests of
the thread; in other words, it is the distance from crest to crest for an
external thread, or root to root for an internal thread.
Threading Thread Science 101

minor diameter The smallest diameter of a screw thread. Also known as the "root
diameter."

multiple-thread screw A screw made of two or more threads to provide an increased lead
with a specified pitch.

nominal diameter The diameter equal to the external diameter of the threads.

overtapping Tapping of a thread following a plating operation so that the thread

tolerances comply within specification, allowing the internal and
external threads to assemble. It is normal practice to overtap the
internal rather than the external thread.

pitch The distance from any point on a thread to the corresponding point on
the adjacent thread, measured parallel to the axis. Also applied to
spur gears. See diametral pitch.

pitch diameter The diameter of a thread at an imaginary point where the width of the
groove and the width of the thread are equal.

pitch line An imaginary line which passes through threads at such points that
the length of the part of the line between adjacent threads is equal to
the length of the line within a thread.

right-hand thread A screw thread that is screwed in by rotating clockwise. The majority
of screw threads are right handed.

rolled thread A thread formed by plastically deforming a blank rather than by

cutting. Increases both fatigue strength and thread shear strength.

screw Threaded fastener with the thread running up to the head of the
fastener; has no plain shank.

screw thread A ridge of constant section which is manufactured so that a helix is

developed on the internal or external surface of a cylinder.

square threads A thread having a depth, width, and space between threads that are
equal. It is used on heavy jack screws, vise screws, and other similar
items.

stress area (fasteners) The effective cross sectional area of a thread when subjected to a
tensile force. It is based upon a diameter which is the mean of the
pitch (or effective) and the minor (or root) diameters of the thread.
Threading Thread Science 101

symmetrical thread A symmetrical thread is one which has both flanks of the thread profile
inclined are the same angle.

tap A tool used to cut threads on the inside of a round hole.

tapping The process of cutting screw threads in a round hole with a tap (an
internal thread cutting tool).

thread A helical projection of uniform section on the internal or external

surface of cylinder or cone. Also, the operation of cutting a screw
thread.

thread angle The angle formed by the two sides of the thread (or their projections)
with each other.

thread axis A line running lengthwise through the center of the screw.

thread crest The top part of the thread. For external threads, the crest is the region
of the thread which is on its outer surface; for internal threads it is the
region which forms the inner diameter.

thread crest The top surface joining the two sides of a thread.

thread depth The distance between the crest and the root of a thread.

thread flank The thread flanks join the thread roots to the crest.

thread height This is the distance between the minor and major diameters of the
thread measured radially.

thread length Length of the portion of the fastener with threads.

thread pitch The distance from a point on one screw thread to a corresponding
point on the next thread.

thread pitch diameter The diameter of a screw thread measured from the thread pitch line
on one side to the thread pitch line on the opposite side.

thread root The thread root is the bottom of the thread. On external threads the
roots are usually rounded so that fatigue performance is improved.

thread root The bottom surface joining the sides of two adjacent threads.

thread runout The portion at the end of a threaded shank which is not cut or rolled to
full depth, but which provides a transition between full depth threads
and the fastener shank or head.
Threading Thread Science 101

tolerance class A combination of tolerance grade and a fundamental deviation which

is given to an internal or external thread. A tolerance class for an
internal thread when combined with the tolerance class for an external
thread gives the class of fit for the mating threads.

tolerance grade The difference between maximum and minimum metal conditions for a
tolerance applied to a screw thread. For metric threads the tolerance
grade is given a number.

virtual effective diameter The effective diameter of a thread, but allowing for errors in pitch and
flank angles.
How Fasteners are Notated:
Machine screws, Phillips pan head, steeL, 1/2 - 13 x 1"
Fastener type
Drive Types
Phillips Slotted
Phillips and Slotted drives
are common in screws, but
prone to cam-out (stripping).
Combo
Combo drives, that can be
used with either driver, are
available for many
fastener types.
Frearson Pozidriv
Frearson and Pozidriv are
similar to Phillips, but less
prone to cam-out.
Hex socket
(Allen)
Hex socket (Allen) drives are
compact and easy to drive,
but prone to cam-out.
Torx Square
Torx and Square drive are
resistant to cam-out and can
be installed singlehanded.
Fastener Grade (US) or Class
(metric) refers to the
mechanical properties of the
fastener material. Generally,
a higher number indicates a
stronger, more hardened (but
also more brittle) fastener.
Thread Science 101
Thread
material Count (TPI)
Diameter
Length
Head Styles
Hex heads are typically
used with larger bolts
and screws, and tightened
Measuring
with a wrench.
Diameter
Pan heads have a slightly
domed head that sits
above the surface.
For most types of
fasteners, the diameter
Flat heads are installed is measured on the
in a countersunk hole outside of the threads.
for a flat surface.
Round heads are tall
domed heads, used
primarily for decorative Thread Count
purposes.
& Thread Pitch
Oval heads are a low Machine threaded fasteners
domed and countersunk specify a thread density in
heads, used primarily for Threads Per Inch (US) or as a
decorative purposes. Thread Pitch in mm (Metric). For
a given diameter, a fastener
Truss heads are
slightly domed, with a
may be available in coarse
wide head for an extra (standard), fine and sometimes
large surface area. super fine thread.
Socket heads are
narrow with a socket
drive, and knurled or
smooth sides.
Button heads feature a
medium dome. Typically
used with a hex socket
drive. countersunk fasteners
are measured overall
and non-countersunk
fasteners are measured
from under the head.
US BOLT HEAD MARKINGS
Grade 2 Grade 5 Grade 8
METRIC BOLT MARKINGS
8.8 10.9 12.9
Class 8.8 Class 10.9 Class 12.9
Fastener Type Chart
Thread Science 101

Fastener Categories

Wood Screws Machine Screws Thread Cutting Sheet Metal Screws

Screws with a smooth shank Screws with threads for use Machine Screws Fully threaded screws with a
and tapered point for use in with a nut or tapped hole. Machine screws with a thread point for use in sheet metal.
wood. Abbreviated WS Abbreviated MS cutting (self tapping) point. Abbreviated SMS

Self Drilling SMS Hex Bolts Carriage Bolts Lag Bolts

A sheet metal screw with a self Bolts with a hexagonal head Bolts with a smooth rounded Bolts with a wood thread and
drilling point. with threads for use with a nut head that has a small square pointed tip.
or tapped hole. Abbreviated section underneath. Abbreviated Lag.
HHMB or HXBT.

Socket Screws Set Screws Eye Bolts Eye Lags

Socket screws, also known as Machine screws with no head A bolt with a circular ring on Similar to an eye bolt but with
Allen Head, are fastened with a for screwing all the way into the head end. Used for wood threads instead of
hex Allen wrench. threaded holes. attaching a rope or chain. machine thread.

J-Bolts U-Bolts Shoulder Bolts Elevator Bolts

J shaped bolts are used for Bolts in U shape for attaching Shoulder bolts (also known as Elevator bolts are often used in
tie-downs or as an open eye to pipe or other round stripper bolts) are used to conveyor systems. They have a
bolt. surfaces. Also available with a create a pivot point. large, flat head.
square bend.
 Thread Science 101
Fastener Categories
(continued)

Sex Bolts Mating Screws Hanger Bolts

Sex bolts (a.k.a. barrel nuts or
Chicago bolts) have a female
thread and are used for
through bolting applications
where a head is desired on
both sides of the joint.
Mating screws have a Hanger bolts have wood
shoulder that matches the thread on one end and
diameter of the sex bolts machine thread on the other
they are used with. end

Head Styles

Flat Oval Pan Truss

A countersunk head with a flat A countersunk head with a A slightly rounded head with An extra wide head with a
top. rounded top. short vertical sides. rounded top.
Abbreviated FH Abbreviated OH or OV Abbreviated PN

Round Hex Hex Washer Slotted Hex Washer

A domed head. A hexagonal head A hex head with built in A hex head with built in
Abbreviated RH Abbreviated HH or HX washer. washer and a slot.

Socket Cap Button

A small cylindrical head using a A low-profile rounded head
socket drive. using a socket drive.

Phillips and Frearson
An X-shaped drive.
Abbreviated PH
One Way
Installs with a normal slotted
driver but can not be removed
without special tools.
Flat
A flat washer, used to distribute An oversize flat washer used to
load. Available in SAE, USS and
other patterns.
External Tooth Lock
A washer with external ‘teeth’.
Used to prevent nuts and bolts
from backing out.
Ogee
Thick, large diameter, cast iron
washers with a curved or
sculpted appearance. Typically
used in dock and wood
construction.
Drive Types
Slotted
A slot in the head.
Abbreviated SL
Square
Also known as Robertson drive.
Abbreviated SQ or SD.
Washer Types
Fender
further distribute load
especially on soft materials.
Internal Tooth Lock
A washer with internal ‘teeth’.
Used to prevent nuts and bolts
from backing out.
Sealing
A soft neoprene washer
bonded to a metal backing.
Used to seal out air/water or
dampen noise and vibration.
Thread Science 101
Combination Socket, Hex or Allen
A combination of slotted and A hexagonal hole for use with
Phillips drives. an Allen wrench.
Abbreviated combo
Torx
A six-pointed star pattern,
specifically designed to
prevent cam-out and stripped
heads.
Finishing Split Lock
A washer used to obtain a The most common style of
‘finished’ look. Usually used washer used to prevent nuts
with oval head screws. and bolts from backing out.
Square Dock
A square shaped washer. Dock washers have a larger
outside diameter and are
thicker than standard.
 Thread Science 101
Nut Types

Hex Heavy Hex Nylon Insert Lock Jam

A six sided nut. Also referred to A heavier pattern version of a A nut with a nylon insert to A hex nut with a reduced
as a Finished Hex Nut. standard hex nut. prevent backing off. Also height.
referred to as a Nylock.

Nylon Insert Jam Lock Wing Cap Acorn

A nylock nut with a reduced A nut with ‘wings’ for hand A nut with a domed top over Acorn nuts are a high crown
height. tightening. the end of the fastener. type of cap nut, used for
appearance.

Flange Tee Square Prevailing Torque Lock

A nut with a built in washer A nut designed to be driven A four sided nut. A non-reversible lock nut used
like flange. into wood to create a threaded for high temperature applica-
hole. tions.

K-Lock or Kep Coupling Slotted Castle

A nut with an attached Coupling nuts are long nuts Slotted nuts are used in Castle nuts are used in
free-spinning external tooth used to connect pieces of conjunction with a cotter pin conjunction with a cotter pin
lock washer. threaded rod or other male on drilled shank fasteners to on drilled shank fasteners to
fasteners. prevent loosening. prevent loosening.
Tap Drill Chart Thread Science 101
DECIMAL DECIMAL DECIMAL
DRILL SIZE TAP SIZE DRILL SIZE TAP SIZE DRILL SIZE TAP SIZE
EQUIVALENT EQUIVALENT EQUIVALENT

80 .0135 10 .1935
79 .0145 9 .1960 59 .9219 1 - 12
1 64 15
64 .0156 8 .1990 16 .9375 1 - 14
78 .0160 7 .2010 1/4 - 20 61 .9531
77 .0180 13 64 31
64 .2031 .9688
76 .0200 6 .2040 63 32 .9844 11/8 - 7
75 .0210 5 64
.2055 1 1.0000
74 .0225 4 .2090 13/64 1.0469 11/8 - 12
73 .0240 7 3 .2130 1/4 - 28 17/64 1.1094 11/4 - 7
72 .0250 32 .2188 11/8 1.1250
71 .0260 2 .2210 111/64 1.1719 11/4 - 12
70 .0280 1 .2280 1 /32
7 1.2188 13/8 - 6
69 .0292 A .2340 11/4 1.2500
68 .0310 15 .2344 1.2969
1 64 1 /64
19 13/8 - 12
32 .0312 B .2380 111/32 1.3438 11/2 - 6
67 .0320 C .2420 13/8 1.3750
66 .0330 1 D .2460 127/64 1.4219 11/2 - 12
65 .0350 4 E .2500 11/2 1.5000
64 .0360 F .2570 5/16 - 18
63 .0370 G .2610
62 .0380 17 .2656 METRIC TAP DRILL SIZES
64 METRIC TAP TAP DRILL (mm) DECIMAL (Inch)
61 .0390 H .2660
60 .0400 I .2720 5/16 - 24 M1.6 x 0.35 1.25 .0492
59 .0410 J .2770 M1.8 x 0.35 1.45 .0571
58 .0420 9 K .2810 M2 x 0.4 1.60 .0630
57 .0430 32 .2812 M2.2 x 0.45 1.75 .0689
3 56 .0465 L .2900
.0469 0 - 80 M .2950 M2.5 x 0.45 2.05 .0807
64 19 M3 x 0.5 2.50 .0984
55 .0520 64 .2969
54 .0550 M3.5 x 0.6 2.90 .1142
5 N .3020
1 53 .0595 1 - 64, 72 .3125 3/8 - 16 M4 x 0.7 3.30 .1299
.0625 16
16 O .3160 M4.5 x 0.75 3.70 .1457
52 .0635 P .3230
51 .0670 21 .3281 M5 x 0.8 4.20 .1654
50 .0700 2 - 56, 64 64 M6 x 1 5.00 .1968
Q .3320 3/8 - 24
49 .0730 R .3390 M7 x 1 6.00 .2362
48 .0760 11
5 32 .3438 M8 x 1.25 6.70 .2638
64 .0781 S .3480
47 .0785 3 - 48 T .3580 M8 x 1 7.00 .2756
46 .0810 23 .3594 M10 x 1.5 8.50 .3346
45 .0820 3 - 56 64 M10 x 1.25 8.70 .3425
3 U .3680 7/16 - 14
44 .0860 .3750 M12 x 1.75 10.20 .4016
43 .0890 4 - 40 8
V .3770 M12 x 1.25 10.80 .4252
3 42 .0935 4 - 48 W .3860
.0938 25 .3906 7/16 - 20 M14 x 2 12.00 .4724
32 64 M14 x 1.5 12.50 .4921
41 .0960 X .3970
40 .0980 Y .4040 M16 x 2 14.00 .5512
39 .0995 13
32 .4062 M16 x 1.5 14.50 .5709
38 .1015 5 - 40 Z .4130
37 .1040 5 - 44 27 M18 x 2.5 15.50 .6102
64 7 .4219 1/2 - 13
36 .1065 6 - 32 .4375 M18 x 1.5 16.50 .6496
7 .1094 29 16
64 64 15 .4531 1/2 - 20 M20 x 2.5 17.50 .6890
35 .1100 .4688 M20 x 1.5 18.50 .7283
34 .1110 31 32
64 1 .4844 9/16 - 12 M22 x 2.5 19.50 .7677
33 .1130 6 - 40 .5000
32 .1160 33 2 M22 x 1.5 20.50 .8071
64 .5156 9/16 - 18
1 31 .1200
35
17
.5312 5/8 - 11 M24 x 3 21.00 .8268
8 30 .1250 32 M24 x 2 22.00 .8661
.1285 64 9 .5469
29 .1360 .5625 M27 x 3 24.00 .9449
8 - 32, 36 37 16
28 .1405 64 .5781 5/8 - 18 M27 x 2 25.00 .9843
9 19
.1406 32 .5938 M30 x 3.5 26.50 1.0433
64 39 .6094
27 .1440 64 5 M30 x 2 28.00 1.1024
26 .1470 8 .6250 M33 x 3.5 29.50 1.1614
41 .6406
25 .1495 10 - 24 64 21 M33 x 2 31.00 1.2205
24 .1520 32 .6562 3/4 - 10
43 .6719 M36 x 4 32.00 1.2598
5 23 .1540 64 11
.1562 16 .6875 3/4 - 16 M36 x 3 33.00 1.2992
32 22 .1570 45 .7031
64 23 M39 x 4 35.00 1.3780
21 .1590 10 - 32 32 .7188 M39 x 3 36.00 1.4173
20 .1610 47 .7344
64 3
19 .1660 4 .7500
18 .1695 49 .7656 7/8 -9 PIPE THREAD SIZES (NPSC)
11 64 25 THREAD DRILL THREAD DRILL
64 .1719 32 .7812
17 .1730 51 .7969 1/8 – 27 11/32 11/2 – 111/2 13/4
16 .1770 64 13 1/4 – 18 7/16 2 – 111/2 27/32
12 - 24 16 .8125 7/8 - 14
15 .1800 53 .8281 3/8 – 18 37/64 21/2 – 8 221/32
14 .1820 12 - 28 64 27 1/2 – 14 23/32 3–8 31/4
32 .8438
55 3/4 – 14 59/64 31/2 – 8 33/4
3 13 .1850
64 7
.8594
1 – 111/2 15/32 4–8 41/4
16 12 .1875 .8750 1-8
.1890 57 8 11/4 – 111/2 11/2
64 .8906
11 .1910 29 .9062
32
 Thread Science 101
US and Metric Thread Sizes

US Thread Sizes

7 tpi

8 tpi

9 tpi

10 tpi Metric Thread Pitches

11 tpi 2.5 mm

12 tpi
218 2.0 mm

13 tpi
1.75 mm

14 tpi
1.5 mm

16 tpi

18 tpi
752/754 1.25 mm

20 tpi
382 1.0 mm

24 tpi 0.8 mm

28 tpi 0.7 mm

32 tpi

*Estimated Pitch Limitations.

40 tpi Always use best judgement on all repairs

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