BGP on Mikrotik

GLC webinar, 6 october 2016

Achmad Mardiansyah
achmad@glcnetworks.com
GLC Networks, Indonesia
www.glcnetworks.com
Agenda

● Introduction
● BGP
● BGP on mikrotik
● Demo
● Q&A

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What is GLC?

● Garda Lintas Cakrawala (www.glcnetworks.com)

● An Indonesian company
● Located in Bandung
● Areas: Training, IT Consulting
● Mikrotik Certified Training Partner
● Mikrotik Certified Consultant
● Mikrotik distributor

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Trainer Introduction

● Name: Achmad Mardiansyah

● Base: bandung, Indonesia
● Linux user since ’99
● Certified Trainer (MTCNA/RE/WE/UME/INE/TCE)
● Mikrotik Certified Consultant
● Work: Telco engineer, Sysadmin, PHP programmer,
and Lecturer
● Personal website: http://achmad.glcnetworks.com
● More info:
http://au.linkedin.com/in/achmadmardiansyah

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Please introduce yourself

● Your name
● Your company/university?
● Your networking experience?
● Your mikrotik experience?
● Your expectation from this course?

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What is Mikrotik?

● Name of a company
● A brand
● A program (e.g. mikrotik academy)
● Headquarter: Riga, Latvia

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What are mikrotik products?

● Router OS
○ The OS. Specialized for networking
○ Website: www.mikrotik.com/download
● RouterBoard
○ The hardware
○ RouterOS installed
○ Website: www.routerboard.com

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What Router OS can do?

● Go to www.mikrotik.com
○ Download: what_is_routeros.pdf
○ Download: product catalog
○ Download: newsletter

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What are Mikrotik training & certifications?

Certificate validity is 3 years

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BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)

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What is BGP?

● Path Vector Protocol

● Incremental Updates
● Many options for policy enforcement
● Support VLSM
● Classless Inter Domain Routing (CIDR)
● Widely used for Internet backbone
● Connects Autonomous systems

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What is VLSM?

● Variable-Length Subnet Masking (VLSM)

● Can divide an IP address block into subnets of different sizes using / (slash)
notation
● Solution the in efficient of classful IP address (fixed length). No more class A,
class B, Class C -> pleeease dont say this classes anymore
● making it possible to create subnets with very different host counts without
wasting large numbers of addresses.
● RFC: 1878 (1995)
● Basis for CIDR
● Example: 23.45.0.0/16
○ 23.45.0.0/25
○ 23.45.0.128/25

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VLSM RFC

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What is CIDR?

● CIDR: Classless Inter-Domain Routing (sometimes is called supernetting)

● CIDR solves problem of wasted address spaceby providing a new and more
flexible way to specify network addresses in routers (using slash as notation)
● allow flexible allocation of Internet Protocol (IP) addresses.
● Replaces classfull network (class A,B,C,D). Please dont ever mention this
anymore...
● CIDR lets a routing table entry represent an aggregation of networks that exist
in the forward path
● Each IP address has a network prefix that identifies either one or several
network gateways.
● RFC: 1519

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CIDR

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Path Vector Protocol

● BGP is classified as a path vector routing protocol (see RFC 1322)

● A path vector protocol defines a route as a pairing between a destination and
the attributes of the path to that destination.
● See AS path below

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Path vector protocol

Image source: philip smith,

introduction to BGP
(http://www.bgp4all.com.au)
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Definitions

● Transit - service provided by an ISP to carry other ISP/customer traffic to

other network (internet). Usually is for commercial (paid service)
● Peering - 2 ISPs or more exchange traffic and routing information. Can be
commercial or non commercial (gratis). Example: peering on IXP (Internet
Exchange Point)
● Default - default route, sending traffic to default router of there is no explicit
match on routing table

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Peering and transit example (IIX vs openIXP?)

source: philip smith,

introduction to BGP
(http://www.bgp4all.com.au)

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Autonomous System (AS)

● Collection of networks with same routing policy

● Single routing protocol
● Usually under single ownership, trust and administrative control
● Identified by a unique 32-bit integer (ASN)

source: philip smith,

introduction to BGP
(http://www.bgp4all.com.au)
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BGP basics

source: philip smith,

introduction to BGP
(http://www.bgp4all.com.au)
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Building forwarding table for BGP

source: philip smith,

introduction to BGP
(http://www.bgp4all.com.au) 22
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eBGP & iBGP

● BGP is used
○ Internally, inside AS (iBGP - internal BGP)
○ Externally, between AS (eBGP - external BGP)
● iBGP is used to carry
○ Some/all Internet prefixes across ISP backbone
○ Prefixes from ISP customers
● eBGP is used to
○ Exchange prefixes with other ASes
○ Implement routing policy

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eBGP & iBGP

IGP: interior Gateway source: philip smith,

Protocol. E.g. RIP, OSPF, introduction to BGP
IEGRP (http://www.bgp4all.com.au)
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External BGP Peering (eBGP)

● Between BGP speakers in different AS

● Should be directly connected
● Never run an IGP between eBGP peers

source: philip smith,

introduction to BGP
(http://www.bgp4all.com.au)
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Internal BGP (iBGP)

● BGP peer within the same AS

● Not required to be directly connected
○ IGP takes care of inter-BGP speaker connectivity
● iBGP speakers must be fully meshed:
○ They originate connected networks
○ They pass on prefixes learned from outside the ASN
○ They do not pass on prefixes learned from other iBGP speakers
● Recommended to do peer with loopback interface
● To avoid mesh peering: AS confederation, route reflector

source: philip smith,

introduction to BGP
(http://www.bgp4all.com.au)

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BGP on Mikrotik

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Setup instance

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Setup BGP peer

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Display peer

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Display routing table

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 Demo

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 QA

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End of slides

● Thank you for your attention

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● Stay tune with our schedule

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