252

TRANSIENT HEAT CONDUCTION

T0 – T`
u0 =
Ti – T`
1.0 k
0.7 hL = 1 Plate
0.5 Bi
0.4
0.3 100
0.2 80 90
14
60 70
0.1 1.0 10 12
45 50
0.07 9
8 35
0.7

0.05 0. 40
8
0.04 7
0.5

0.03 6 30
0.6

25
0.3

0.02
0.4

18
4

20
0.1

0.01
0.2

16
0.007
0

2.5

0.005
0.05

0.004
1.6 1.4
2 1.8
1.2

0.003
0.002

0.001
0 1 2 3 4 6 8 10 14 18 22 26 30 50 70 100 120 150 300 400 500 600 700
t = at/L2

(a) Midplane temperature. T` Initially T`

From M. P. Heisler, “Temperature Charts for Induction and Constant Temperature Heating,” h T = Ti h
Trans. ASME 69, 1947, pp. 227–36. Reprinted by permission of ASME International. 0
L x
u T – T` Q 2L
=
u0 T0 – T` Qmax
1.0 x/L = 0.2 1.0
0.9 0.9 Bi = hL/k
0.4
0.8 0.8
0.7 0.7
0.6
0.6 0.6
1
2
5
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.05
0.1
0.2

0.5

10

20

50
0.5 0.5
1

5
Bi =

0.4 0.8 0.4

0.3 0.3
0.9
0.2 0.2
0.1 1.0 0.1
Plate 0 Plate
0
0.01 0.1 1.0 10 100 10–5 10– 4 10–3 10–2 10–1 1 10 102 103 104
1 k Bi 2t = h2at/k 2
=
Bi hL
(b) Temperature distribution. (c) Heat transfer.
From M. P. Heisler, “Temperature Charts for From H. Gröber et al.
Induction and Constant Temperature Heating,”
Trans. ASME 69, 1947, pp. 227–36. Reprinted
by permission of ASME International.

FIGURE 4–17
Transient temperature and heat transfer charts for a plane wall of thickness 2L initially at a uniform temperature Ti
subjected to convection from both sides to an environment at temperature T` with a convection coefficient of h.
 253
CHAPTER 4

T0 – T`
u0 =
Ti – T`
1.0
0.7 Cylinder
0.5
0.4 k
5 hr = 1
0.3 o
3.5 Bi
0.2 4
2. 3 25
5 20
0.1
16 18 90 10
1.

0.07 2 0
8
1.4

0.05 14 70 80
1.6

12
0.04
1.0
1.2

0.03 60

9
10
0.6

50
0.02
0.8

7
8
0.4

40
45
6
0.2

0.01
0.5

30
0

0.007
0.3

35
0.1

0.005
0.004
0.003
0.002

0.001
0 1 2 3 4 6 8 10 14 18 22 26 30 50 70 100 120 140 150 250 350
t = at/ro2
(a) Centerline temperature. T` Initially T`
From M. P. Heisler, “Temperature Charts for Induction and Constant Temperature Heating,” h T = Ti h
Trans. ASME 69, 1947, pp. 227–36. Reprinted by permission of ASME International.
0 ro r
u T – T` Q
=
u 0 T0 – T` Qmax
1.0 r/ro = 0.2 1.0
Bi = hro /k
0.9 0.9
0.8 0.4 0.8
0.7 0.7
0.6 0.6 0.6
1
2
5
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.5

10

20

50
0.5 0.5
1
2

5
Bi =

0.4 0.4
0.8
0.3 0.3
0.2 0.9 0.2
0.1 1.0 Cylinder 0.1 Cylinder
0 0
0.01 0.1 1.0 10 100 10–5 10– 4 10–3 10–2 10–1 1 10 102 103 104
1 k Bi 2t = h2at/k 2
=
Bi hro
(b) Temperature distribution. (c) Heat transfer.
From M. P. Heisler, “Temperature Charts for From H. Gröber et al.
Induction and Constant Temperature Heating,”
Trans. ASME 69, 1947, pp. 227–36. Reprinted
by permission of ASME International.
FIGURE 4–18
Transient temperature and heat transfer charts for a long cylinder of radius ro initially at a uniform temperature Ti
subjected to convection from all sides to an environment at temperature T` with a convection coefficient of h.
 254
TRANSIENT HEAT CONDUCTION

T0 – T`
u0 =
Ti – T`
1.0
0.7 k Sphere
0.5 hr = 1
o
0.4 Bi
0.3 100
80 90
0.2
12 14 60 70
0.1 3.0

45
50
10
9
2.6 2
0.07

35 3
.8

40
7
8
0.05 2.
2 2 2.4

25 20
5
1.

6
0.04

0
3.5
8

18 16
.0
0.03
1.4

4
1.6

0.02
1.0

1.2
0.5

0.7

0.01
5

0.007
0.2 0.1
0.35

0.005
0.004
0

0.003
0.05

0.002

0.001
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30 40 50 100 150 200 250
t = at/ro2
(a) Midpoint temperature. T` Initially T`
h T = Ti h
From M. P. Heisler, “Temperature Charts for Induction and Constant Temperature Heating,”
Trans. ASME 69, 1947, pp. 227–36. Reprinted by permission of ASME International. 0 ro r

u T – T` Q
=
u0 T0 – T` Qmax
1.0 r/ro = 0.2 1.0
Bi = hro /k
0.9 0.9
0.8 0.4 0.8
0.7 0.7
0.6 0.6
1
2
5

0.6
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.5

10

20

0.5 0.5 50
1
2

5
Bi =

0.4 0.4
0.3 0.8 0.3
0.2 0.9 0.2
0.1 1.0 Sphere 0.1 Sphere
0 0
0.01 0.1 1.0 10 100 10–5 10– 4 10–3 10–2 10–1 1 10 102 103 104
1 = k Bi 2t = h2a t/k 2
Bi hro
(b) Temperature distribution. (c) Heat transfer.
From M. P. Heisler, “Temperature Charts for From H. Gröber et al.
Induction and Constant Temperature Heating,”
Trans. ASME 69, 1947, pp. 227–36. Reprinted
by permission of ASME International.

FIGURE 4–19
Transient temperature and heat transfer charts for a sphere of radius ro initially at a uniform temperature Ti subjected to
convection from all sides to an environment at temperature T` with a convection coefficient of h.