There are many and diverse political parties in the Philippines.

Most party
membership consists primarily of political figures and leaders, with little or no grassroots
membership.
The Philippines has a multi-party systemwith numerous political parties, in which no one
party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other
to form coalition governments for political expediency and convenience. Since no
political parties have sustaining membership to which party leaders are developed, most
of the political parties have the rise-and-fall-and-rise character.
There are three types of parties in the Philippines. These are: (a) major
parties,[1][2] which typically correspond to traditional political parties; (b) minor parties
or party-list organizations, which rely on the party-listsystem to win Congressional seats;
and (c) regional or provincial parties, which correspond to region-wide or province-wide
organizations, respectively.
National parties in office
Major parties
The Commission on Elections identified three types of national parties for the 2016
general election:

1. Dominant majority party (Liberal Party)

2. Dominant minority party (United Nationalist Alliance)
3. Seven major parties

The nine parties are listed below:[3]

Seats Seats
Abbr
in in
Philippin English . and Founde
Leader Ideology International the lo the up
e name name colou d
wer per
r
house house
New
Kilusang Filipino
Society
Bagong KBL vacant 1978 Fascism, Marcosiani none 0 / 297 0 / 24
Movem
Lipunan sm[4]
ent
Aksyon Democr Lorna
Aksy
Demokra atic Kapuna 1997 Progressivism none 0 / 297 0 / 24
on
tiko Action n
People
Lakas– Power- 1991
Christian Christia Martin (origina Centrist[5][6], Centrist
Laka
Muslim n Romual l), 2008 Christian democracy, Democrat 3 / 297 0 / 24
s
Democrat Muslim dez (current Islamic democracy International
s Democr )
ats
Partido Liberal LP Leni 1946 Neoliberalism[7] Liberal 46 / 6 / 24
Liberal Party Robredo International, C 297
ouncil of Asian
Liberals and
Democrats
Nacionali National Cynthia 17 /
NP 1903 Filipino nationalism none 2 / 24
sta Party ist Party Villar 297
Eduardo
Nationalist 29 /
NPC Cojuang 1991 Social conservatism none 3 / 24
People's Coalition 297
co, Jr.
National Unity Roberto 17 /
NUP 2011 Christian democracy none 0 / 24
Party Puno 297
Philippi
Partido
ne
Demokra
Democr PDP- Social
tiko Rodrigo 115 /
atic Laba 1982 DemocracyFederalis none 3 / 24
Pilipino- Duterte 297
Party- n m[8][9]
Lakas ng
People's
Bayan
Power
2012
United Nationalist Nancy (coalitio Centrism, Social
UNA none 2 / 297 2 / 24
Alliance Binay n), 2015 Liberalism
(party)
Parties represented in Congress
Seats
Seats in
Abbr. in
Philippine English Found Internatio the upp
and Leader Ideology the low
name name ed nal er
colour er
house
house
Citizens' Risa Democratic
Progressiv
Akbayan Action Akbayan Hontiver 1998 Socialism, Anti- 2 / 297 1 / 24
e Alliance
Party os Fascism
Joel
Citizens' Battle Christian
CIBAC Villanue 1997 none 1 / 297 0 / 24
Against Corruption liberalism
va
Struggle
Centrist
Laban ng of
Sonny Liberal Democrat
Demokratik Democra LDP 1988 1 / 297 1 / 24
Angara conservatism Internation
ong Pilipino tic
al
Filipinos
Makabayan
Patriotic Syndicalism,Demo
g Koalisyon Carlos Internation
Coalition Makabay cratic
ng Isagani 2009 al 7 / 297 0 / 24
of the an CentralismAnti-
Mamamaya Zarate Newsletter
People Fascism
n
Pwersa ng Force of PMP Joseph 1991 Welfare none 0 / 297 1 / 24
Masang the Estrada state, Social
Pilipino Filipino Democracy
Masses
Party-lists represented in Congress
These parties won more than 2% of the vote. For the complete list, see Philippine
House of Representatives election, 2016 (party-list).
Seats in
Abbr. and the lower
Philippine name English translation Ideology/sector
colour house(PL
only)
One Patriotic Coalition of Marginalized 1-
Filipino nationalism 2 / 59
Nationals PACMAN
Abono Fertilizer Abono Farmer's rights 2 / 59
ACT
Alliance of Concerned Teachers Education reform 2 / 59
Teachers
Agricultural and
Agri-Agra na
Agrarian Reform for
Reporma para sa
Farmers in the AGRI Land reform 2 / 59
Magsasaka ng
Philippines
Pilipinas Movement
Movement
Ako Bicol Political I am Bicol Political
AKB Bicolano ethnic interests 3 / 59
Party Party
Anak Mindanao Child of Mindanao AMIN Mindanao nationalism 2 / 59
Buhay Hayaan
Let Life Prosper Buhay Pro-life,Social Conservatism 3 / 59
Yumabong
Coop-
Cooperative NATCCO Network Party Cooperative sector 2 / 59
NATCCO
GABRIELA Women's Party GABRIELA Humanism;MarxistFeminism 3 / 59
Kabayan Compatriot Kabayan Filipino nationalism 2 / 59
Puwersa ng Bayaning Force of Hero
PBA Athlete interests 2 / 59
Atleta Athletes
Senior
Senior Citizens Senior citizen rights 2 / 59
Citizens
Other national parties
These are the other national parties that contested the 2013 elections. COMELEC
classifies "national" parties as parties that are not restricted to one locality
(province/district/city/municipality).

Philippine English Abbr. and

Leader Ideology
name name colour
The
Ang Brotherhood Christian
KPTRAN Reynaldo Pacheco
Kapatiran or Alliance democracy
for the
 Common
Good
Bagumbayan- New Nation-
Volunteers Volunteers Bagumbayan
Richard Gordon Voluntarism
for a New for a New or B-VNP
Philippines Philippines
Bangon Rise Up
Christian
Pilipinas Philippines BP Perfecto Yasay
democracy
Party Party
Democratic Party of the
DPP Baldomero Falcone Popular democracy
Philippines
Coming out
LGBT, Social
Ladlad or LGBT Ladlad Danton Remoto
Liberalism
Party
Party of the
Partido Lakas
Laboring PLM Sonny Melencio Socialism
ng Masa
Masses
Partido ng Workers' and Labour
Manggagawa Farmers' PMM Hermogenes Ebdane movement, Peasant
at Magsasaka Party Syndicalism
Reformism; Anti-
People's Reform Party PRP Miriam Defensor Santiago
Fascism
Sanlakas Sanlakas Fr. Max Abalos, SVD Centrist populism
Social Justice Society SJS Samson Alcantara Conservatism
Other parties
Philippine Abbr. and
English name Leader Ideology
name colour
Probinsya
Provinces First
Muna Grassroots
Development PROMDI Achilles Cañete
Development democracy
Initiative
Initiative
Alliance for Barangay Concerns ABC James Marty Lim
Asenso Pilipino Party APP Manny Villar
Katipunan ng Society/Association
Demokratikong of Democratic KDP Antonio A.S. Valdez
Pilipino Filipinos
Kilusan para sa Movement for Bago Eduardo Bondoc
Pambansang National Renewal
Pagpapanibago
Laban para sa
Struggle for Peace,
Kapayapaan,
Progress and KKK Rafaelito Garayblas
Katarungan at
Justice
Kaunlaran
National Alliance for Democracy NAD Joel Pontillas
Organized Support for the
Movement to Enhance the National OSMEÑA John Henry Osmeña
Agenda
Partido
Philippine
Demokratiko Democratic
Democratic PDSP Norberto Gonzales
Sosyalista ng socialism
Socialist Party
Pilipinas
Partido
Nationalist Party of Fiscal
Nacionalista ng PNP Susan Ople
the Philippines conservatism
Pilipinas
Partido ng
Party for Social
Demokratikong PDRReporma Renato de Villa
Democratic Reform conservatism
Reporma
Philippine Green Republican Party PGRP Felix Cantal Green
Rizal-styled
Rizalist Party Rizalist Gregorio Maunahan
federalism
Islamic
United Bangsamoro Justice Party UBJP Murad Ibrahim
democracy
Local parties
Name Abbr. Location Leader Notes
Buklod
Capampanga Pampanga and Angeles Estelito Mendoza
n
Bileg Ti La
La Union Joaquin Ortega
Union
Christian
Muslim
Zamboanga del Norte Tiburcio Pasquil
Independent
Party
Move Makati Makati Romulo de
 Guzman
Lapiang Bago affiliated
ng Lakas ng BALANE Nueva Ecija Tomas Joson with Nationalist
Nueva Ecija People's Coalition
affiliated
with Nacionalista
Partido Party and
Cavite Jonvic Remulla
Magdalo the United
Nationalist
Alliance
affiliated
Malay
with National
Democrats of
MDP NCR Bayan Dela Cruz Economic
the
Protectionism
Philippines
Association
Ma. Corazon
Bicol Saro Bicol Region
Imperial
Kabalikat ng
Manila's 5th and 6th supports Lito
Bayan sa KABAKA Carlito Guang
congressional districts Atienza
Kaunlaran
affiliated
with KAMPI, La
kas-CMD,
John OsmeñaMike the National
Panaghiusa Cebu and Cebu City
Rama Unity Partyand
the United
Nationalist
Alliance
affiliated with
Paglaum Alfredo
Negros Occidental the Nacionalista
Party Montelibano, Jr.
Party
Sarangani
Reconciliatio affiliated
n and SARRO Sarangani Estelito Mendoza with Lakas
Reformation Kampi CMD
Organization
Kusog Han
Eastern Eastern Samar Jaime Opinion
Samar
Philippine PCNP Quezon City Andres Genito
Christian
Nationalist
Party
Retailers Manila's 3rd
Estelito Mendoza
Party congressional district
Islamic Party
Ebrahim
of the IPP Mindanao
Abdurrahman
Philippines
Forward with
Vitality for
Reforms- FVR-Sigaw Cavite Franco Loyola
Sigaw ng
Kabite
formerly Grand
Liping
Caloocan Macario Asistio Kalookan
Kalookan
Coalition
People's
Progressive
Alliance for
Peace and
Good
Partido
Government Western Visayas Rene Juaneza
PAGASA
Towards
Alleviation of
Poverty and
Social
Advancement
Lingap Lugud affiliated
Capampanga Pampanga Lito Lapid with Lakas
n Party Kampi CMD
Bileg Ti
Ilocos Region, Cagayan
Agkaykaysa
BIAG Valley, Cordillera Joey Alangwawi
nga Ilokano
Administrative Region
Party
Pinag-isang
PINATUB
Lakas Tungo Zambales and Olongapo Philip Camara
O
sa Pagbabako
Democratic Davao
Alliance of DAMAGO Regionand SOCCSKSAR Fernando Toquillo
Mindanaoans GEN
for Good
Government
Pusyon Casimiro
Central Visayas
Pilipino Madarang, Jr.
Abante Anak
Central Visayas Geraldo Carillo
Bisaya
Muslim Lanao del Norteand Lanao
MRP Kamar Mindalano
Reform Party del Sur
Katipunan ng
Gwendolyn
Bagong KABACA Caloocan
Emnace
Caloocan
Lanao del Norte, Lanao
Ummah Party Geraldo Carillo
del Surand Iligan
Bileg Ti
BILEG Ilocos Sur Luis Singson
Ilocano
formerly
affiliated
United
Alfredo Marañon, with Nationalist
Negros UNA Negros Occidental
Jr. People's
Alliance
Coalition, now
with Liberal Party
Quezon
Nationalist Bienvenido
QNDP Quezon and Lucena
Democratic Marquez, Jr.
Party
Sama Sama
Tarlac Candido Guiam
Tarlac
Kasangga ng
Bayan, Tao,
KABATAK Parañaque Joey Marquez
Kalikasan at
Kaunlaran
Democratic
DA Central Luzon Romeo Taruc
Alliance
Barog Alang
sa
Cebu's 5th congressional
Kausawagan BAKUD Ramon Durano III
district
ug
Demokrasya
Alayon Alang
sa Kalambu-
ALAYON Central Visayas John Osmeňa
an ng
Kalinaw
Compostela
Valley
CORAL Compostela Valley Rogelio Sarmiento
Rainbow
Alliance
Kilusang
affiliated
Diwa ng KDT Taguig Dante Tinga
with Liberal Party
Taguig
Katig-buan
Northern Samar Emil Ong
Nortehanon
Cotabato
United
Cotabato Emmanuel Piñol
People's
Movement
Partido
Pundok Biliran Danilo Parilla
Biliranon
Pangkat
Laguna Marito Mendoza
Laguna
also known as
Partido Tapat Taguig and Pateros Edmundo de Borja Taguig-Pateros
Action Team
Catanduanes
Alliance for
CARD Catanduanes Dexter Francisco
Reform and
Democracy
People's
Alliance
PADER Romblon Natalio Beltran, Jr.
Development
of Romblon
Aton Tamdon
Utod Negros- ATUN Negros Occidental Rafael Coscolluela
anon
Kusi Uswag
KUSUG Cebu City Alvin Garcia
Sugbu
People's Autonomous Region in Basher Caluato
Consultative Muslim Mindanao, Lanao Edris
(Mushawara) del Norte and Zamboanga
Party del Sur
Caloocan
Team for
CATAPAT Caloocan Bonifacio Alis
Action and
Progress
Partido Franklin Tabaquin,
Batangas
Batangueño Jr.
affiliated
Ugyon Visayas Franklin Drilon
with Liberal Party
Partido del affiliated
Bulacan Manuel G. Roxas
Pilar with Liberal Party
Nagkakaisang
Partido ng
mga Pampanga Zenaide Ducut
Kapampanga
n
Affiliated
with Pwersa ng
Partido NAVOTEN Masang
Navotas Toby Tiangco
Navoteño O Pilipino and Unit
ed Nationalist
Alliance
affiliated
Partido
Laguna Teresita Lazaro with Lakas
Dimasalang
Kampi CMD
affiliated
Rona Anape- with United
Timawa Iloilo City
Ganzon Nationalist
Alliance
Lanao Casan
Lanao del Sur
People's Party Macabanding
Reform
Caloocan Caloocan Russel Ramirez
Party
United Western
Clodualdo P.
Guardians UGP Visayasand Central
Dedicatoria
Party Visayas
 Autonomous Region in Aleem Abdul
Siap Party
Muslim Mindanao Matabalo Amerol
Economic
Development
EDSA Central Visayas Melchor Cubillo
and Social
Advancement
Biskeg na affiliated
Pangasinan BISKEG Pangasinan Oscar Lambino with Lakas
Party Kampi CMD
affiliated
Padajon
PS Surigao del Norte Francisco Matugas with Lakas
Surigao
Kampi CMD
United
Citizens of
UCCP Caloocan Nilo Divina
Caloocan
Party
Alliance of ABP-
Bicolnon BICOLNO Bicol Region Enrique Olonan
Party N
affiliated
People's
General with United
Champ PCM Manny Pacquiao
Santosand Sarangani Nationalist
Movement
Alliance
Ako Bicol
AKB Bicol Region Elizalde Co
Political Party
Unang
affiliated
Sigaw-
USPP Nueva Ecija Aurelio Umali with Lakas
Partido ng
Kampi CMD
Pagbabago
affiliated
Partido Joseph Victor
San Juan with Pwersa ng
Magdiwang Ejercito
Masang Pilipino
Democracy of
the
Independent
DILC Liloan, Cebu Vincent Frasco
Liberal
Conservative
Party
Partido PPP Palawan Jose Alvarez affiliated
Pagbabago ng with Lakas
Palawan Kampi CMD
Kalapian ng
mga Kaibigan
ng LAPIANG
Hagonoy, Bulacan Angel Cruz, Jr.
Kaunlaran- K
Bayan ng
Hagonoy
Sulong
Palawan and Puerto Vincent Dennis
Palawan SPP
Princesa Socrates
Party
affiliated
Ugyon Kita with United
UK CAPIZ Capiz Frenedil Castro
Capiz Nationalist
Alliance
affiliated
Democratic
Cagayan Delfin Telan Ting with Lakas
Tabula Tua
Kampi CMD
Citizens Call
for Action
Party of CCA Zamboanga City Susan de los Reyes
Zamboanga
City
Mindoro
Sandugo Para SANDUGO Oriental Mindoro Agustin Cusi
sa Kaunlaran
affiliated
One Cebu 1-CEBU Cebu Gwendolyn Garcia with National
Unity Party
Adelante
Zamboanga AZAP Zamboanga City Jose Lobregat
Party
Aksyon
Magsasaka-
AKMA-
Partido ng SOCCSKSARGEN Ali Sangki
PTM
Tinig ng
Masa
Lingkod
LINGKOD
Bayan- Taguig Angelito Reyes
TAGUIG
Sulong
Taguig
Coalition
Partido
Arsenio Escuderro,
Bagong San San Pablo, Laguna
Jr.
Pablo
Kapanalig at
Kambilan
KAMBILA
Ning Pampanga Rosve Henson
N
Memalen
Pampanga
Partido Carolina
PM Malolos, Bulacan
Malolenyo Mangawang
affiliated
with Nacionalista
Party and Liberal
Asenso
Party, coalition
Manileño AMM Manila Danilo Lacuna
partner
Movement
with Kapayapaan,
Kaunlaran at
Katarungan
Achievers
with Integrity AIM South Cotabato Adelbert Antonino
Movement
Partido
BALIKAT
Balikatan ng Bataan Enrique Garcia, Jr.
AN
Bataan
affiliated
with Liberal
Kapayapaan,
Party, coalition
Kaunlaran at KKK Manila Alfredo Lim
partner with
Katarungan
Asenso Manileño
Movement
Hermogenes
Sulong
Ebdane(Chairman)
Zambales SZP Zambales
Jun Omar Ebdane
Party
(President)
Bando
Osmeña - affiliated
BOPK Cebu Tomas Osmeña
Pundok with Liberal Party
Kauswagan
 affiliated
Padayon
PDP Cagayan de Oro Vicene Emano with Pwersa ng
Pilipino
Masang Pilipino
Edgardo
Partido ABE Pamintuan Founded March
Kapampanga PAK, ABE Angeles City, Pampanga (chairman)Alex 28, 2012.
n Cauguiran [10]
(president)
Partido ng
Masang PMB Batangas Nicanor Briones
Batangueno
affiliated
One Batangas One Vilma Santos-
Batangas with Nacionalista
Movement Batangas Recto
Party
Not registered with the government
These are the national parties are not registered at the Commission on Elections:

Name Abbr. Leader Ideology Position Notes

Emergent political
party representing
the local liberty
Julius Apud
movement;
(interim
formerly an
Philippine chairman, Libertarianis Libertaria
PHILIPA unregistered party
Libertarian Party Technical m n
list representing
Working
traders, innovators,
Group)
and technologists
for industrial
modernization
Emergent political
Koalisyong Katoliko Christian Centre- party that is the
KKK Rizalito David
Kristiyano democracy right offshoot of the Ang
Kapatiran
Offshoot of
Communist Party of Jose Maria the Partido
CPP Maoism Far-left
the Philippines Sison Komunista ng
Pilipinas-1930
Ban James
Lakas Partido Lumacad/John Marxism- Separate Youth
LPK Far-left
Komunista Wendell Leninism Entity
Lagazo/Jeffers
 on Magbutay
Partido Komunista
Established as
ng Pilipinas- PKP- Marxism-
Antonio Paris Far-left Comintern
1930(Philippine 1930 Leninism
Philippine branch
Communist Party)
Marxist-Leninist Breakaway faction
Party of the from
Philippines Caridad Marxism- the Communist
MLPP Far-left
(Marxista- Magpantay Leninism Party of the
Leninistang Partido Philippinesestablish
ng Pilipinas) ed in 1997
Breakaway faction
Partido ng
from
Manggagawang PMP-
Patricio the Communist
Pilipino - Pinagsanib Pinagsani Syndicalism Far-left
Ramirez Party of the
(Filipino Workers b
Philippinesestablish
Party)
ed in 2001
Rebolusyonaryong Breakaway faction
Partido ng from
Arturo
Manggagagawa - the Communist
RPM-P Tabara/Nilo Socialist Far-left
Pilipinas(Revolution Party of the
dela Cruz
ary Workers' Party Philippinesestablish
of the Philippines) ed in 1998
Historical parties/coalitions
Parties

 Democratic Alliance
 Grand Alliance
 Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino
 KALIBAPI
 Lapiang Malaya
 Lakas-Christian Muslim Democrats
 Nationalist Citizens' Party
o Citizens' Party
 Progresista Party
 Progressive Party
o Party for Philippine Progress
 Sakdalista
o Ganap Party

Major coalitions
Election
Administration Opposition
year
Ferdinand Marcos (KBL) was the incumbent.
United Nationalist Democratic
1986 Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL)
Organization(UNIDO)
Marcos was declared winner but was overthrown at the People Power Revolution days
later. His supporters were forced into opposition.
United Nationalist Democratic
1987 Grand Alliance for Democracy(GAD)
Organization(UNIDO)
In 1992, UNIDO broke up and the Marcos loyalists coalesced with the other parties. Fidel
V. Ramos (Lakas-NUCD) won the presidential election and his supporters became the
administration coalition
1995 Lakas-Laban Coalition Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC)
Laban ng Makabayang Masang
1998 Lakas-NUCD-UMDP
Pilipino(LAMMP)
In 2001, Joseph Estrada was overthrown at the 2001 EDSA Revolution; his supporters
were forced into opposition.
2001 People Power Coalition (PPC) Puwersa ng Masa (PnM)
Koalisyon ng Katapatan at Karanasan sa Koalisyon ng Nagkakaisang
2004
Kinabukasan (K-4) Pilipino (KNP)
2007 TEAM Unity Genuine Opposition (GO)
In 2010, the anti-Arroyo forces were split into different parties: Aquino defeated Estrada
and eight others to lead the government under the Liberal Party.
Liberal Party (LP)Nacionalista
2010 Lakas Kampi CMD Party (NP)Pwersa ng Masang
Pilipino(PMP)
In 2013, the main opposition party Lakas-CMD (formerly as Lakas-Kampi CMD), was
weakened following the arrest of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, thus the Estrada-Binaygroup
established the United Nationalist Alliance as the main opposition party.
2013 Team PNoy United Nationalist Alliance (UNA)
United Nationalist Alliance (UNA)Partido
2016 Koalisyon ng Daang Matuwid(KDM) ng Galing at Puso (PGP)Coalition for
Change
Tapang at Malasakit Alliance (CFC-
2019 Tindig Pilipinas
DDS alliance)
See also

 Politics of the Philippines

 List of political parties by country
 Liberalism in the Philippines

References
1. "LP declared as dominant minority (7:57 p.m.)". Sunstar Manila. 2010-05-07.
Archived from the original on 2013-11-05. Retrieved 2010-11-16.
2. http://www.interaksyon.com/article/57489/comelec-declares-lp-una-as-dominant-
majority-and-minority-parties
3. Dominant parties: LP, UNA to get more perks, Rappler.
4. "Philippines - Local government". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2018-07-24.
5. abs-cbnNEWS.com/Newsbreak, by Carmela Fonbuena,. "JDV quits Lakas, won't
join Lakas-Kampi". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved 2018-07-24.
6. "Major party-list groups join Lakas | Philstar.com". philstar.com. Retrieved 2018-07-
24.
7. "Values Charter - Liberal Party of the Philippines". Liberal Party of the Philippines.
Retrieved 2018-07-24.
8. "Duterte confident Filipinos will back federalism | Philstar.com". philstar.com.
Retrieved 2018-07-24.
9. News, Arianne Merez, ABS-CBN. "What is the PDP-Laban federalism model?".
ABS-CBN News. Retrieved 2018-07-24.
10. COMELEC OKs Partido ABE Kapampangan Archived 2012-12-03 at Archive.is

Content from WikipediaLicensed under CC-BY-SA.

Corruption in the Philippines

Save

The Philippinessuffers from widespread corruption.[1] Means of corruption

include graft, bribery, embezzlement, backdoor deals, nepotism, and patronage.[2]
Decline
Transparency International's 2021 Corruption Perception Index ranks the country 111th
place out of 180 countries.[3]
This is better than the Philippines' 129th out of 178,ranking in 2011 with a 2.6 CPI, in
Transparency International's list. The CPI score indicates the perceived level of public
sector corruption on a scale of 0 - 10, where 0 means that a country is perceived as
highly corrupt and 10 means that a country is perceived as very clean.
Transparency International-Philippines said some of the factors that contributed to the
Philippines' (2.6) slight jump are the improvement in government service, and cutting
red tape.[4]
The Philippines' corruption further declined in 2014 upgrading its ranking on
Transparency.org CPI from 94th to 85th in 2013 and 2014, respectively.
Statistical evaluations
For the list of rankings per country per year, please
see http://www.transparency.org/research/cpi/overview
Political nepotism
The Philippine political arena is mainly arranged and operated by families or alliances of
families, rather than organised around the voting for political parties.[5]
Called the Padrino System, one gains favor, promotion, or political appointment through
family affiliation (nepotism) or friendship (cronyism), as opposed to one's merit. The
Padrino System in the Philippines has been the source of many controversies and
corruption.
It has been an open secret that one cannot join the political arena of the Philippines
without mastery of the Padrino System. From the lowest Barangay official, to
the President of the Republic, it is expected that one gains political debts and dispenses
political favor to advance one's career or influence, if not wealth.
See also

 Human rights in the Philippines

 Extrajudicial killings and forced disappearances in the Philippines
 List of political scandals in the Philippines
 Philippines Truth Commission

General:

 Crime in the Philippines

References

1. Jurado, Emil (March 12, 2010). "The fourth most corrupt nation". Manila Standard
Today. Retrieved August 21, 2010.
2. Conde, Carlos (March 13, 2007). "Philippines most corrupt, survey says". The New
York Times. Retrieved August 21, 2010.
3. "Corruption Perception Index 2017".
4. News, By Willard Cheng, ABS-CBN. "PH corruption going, going, but not yet gone".
abs-cbnnews.com.
5. Coronel, Chua, Rimban, & Cruz The Rulemakers Philippine Center for Investigative
Journalism (2007); p.49
Further reading

 Philippines Corruption Profile from the Business Anti-Corruption Portal

Continue Reading...

Content from WikipediaLicensed under CC-BY-SA.