BULLYING

Group 7 :
Erick
Lilian Liwanto
Jocellyne Natasya
Stevanny Anjelika
Preface

Praise be to God Almighty for the blessings of his grace and that we
were given the opportunity to be able to compile a working paper entitled
“Bullying” is properly and correctly.

This paper is structured so that readers can know how important is

bullying understanding in our life. This paper was compiled with help from our
mind and from any source from internet. And because the help of God
Almighty, these paper can be finally resolved.

Thank you to Ms. Silfiani, S.Pd as the teachers of English subject who
give us this assignment.

Hopefully this paper can give a broader insight to the reader. Although
this paper has advantages and disadvantages. Thank You.

Group 7

2
Table of Contents

Contents
Preface ............................................................................................................................ 2
Table of Contents............................................................................................................ 3
Chapter 1 : Introduction ................................................................................................. 5
Background ................................................................................................................. 5
Purpose ....................................................................................................................... 5
Problem formulation .................................................................................................. 5
Chapter II : Theory .......................................................................................................... 6
What Is Bullying .......................................................................................................... 6
Statistics ...................................................................................................................... 6
National Statistics ................................................................................................... 6
Stages of bullying ........................................................................................................ 8
1. BULLYING BEGINS .......................................................................................... 8
2. IDENTIFYING VICTIMS .................................................................................... 8
3. FUELING THE FIRE .......................................................................................... 9
4. EFFECTS OF BULLYING ................................................................................... 9
5. COPING MECHANISMS .................................................................................. 9
6. PUTTING A STOP TO BULLYING ................................................................... 10
Types of Bullying ....................................................................................................... 10
Why do people get bullied?...................................................................................... 11
Being in the wrong place at the wrong time ........................................................ 12
Being competent .................................................................................................. 12
Being Popular........................................................................................................ 12
Having strength of character ................................................................................ 12
Having a vulnerability ........................................................................................... 13
Having raised concerns ......................................................................................... 13
Revenge ................................................................................................................ 13
Effects of Bullying ..................................................................................................... 14

3
 Kids Who are Bullied ............................................................................................. 14
Kids Who Bully Others .......................................................................................... 15
Bystanders ............................................................................................................ 15
How to stop bullying ................................................................................................. 15
Chapter III : Conclusion ................................................................................................. 17
Conclusion ................................................................................................................ 17
Suggest ...................................................................................................................... 17
BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................................................................................. 18

4
Chapter 1 : Introduction
Background
Bullying is a phenomenon that has long occurred among teenagers. Bullying cases
usually occur in school children. The bullying agent will intimidate / ridicule his friend
so that his friend is annoyed. Or worse, victims of bullying will experience depression
and until they feel suicidal. Bullying must be avoided because bullying causes its
victims to think not to go to school because they will be bullied by the perpetrator at
school. In addition, bullying can also make a child lose his performance because he
feels depressed, often bullied by the perpetrator.

Even though bullying has been a problem for centuries, bullying did not receive
significant research attention until the 1970s (Olweus, 1978). Professor Dan Olweus
was the first scientist to focus on the topic and contribute scientific data to the
bullying literature. Many of Olweus's studies explain why some children bullying and
why some others are victims of bullying. Not only that, Olweus also showed that
bullying in schools could be reduced significantly. This is a very important
achievement.

The results of the study from Olweus impressed many social researchers in the
world. Before the 20th century ended, hundreds of similar studies were conducted in
many countries. Books, articles, websites, videos and CDs begin to appear with the
intention to explain what we need to do to reduce or even stop bullying at school

Purpose
1. Let us know what is bullying.
2. To reduce bullying happen.

Problem formulation
1. Why do people get bullied ?
2. What is the effects of bullying.
3. How to prevents bullying ?

5
Chapter II : Theory
What Is Bullying
Bullying is unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a
real or perceived power imbalance. The behavior is repeated, or has the potential to
be repeated, over time. Both kids who are bullied and who bully others may
have serious, lasting problems.
In order to be considered bullying, the behavior must be aggressive and include:
An Imbalance of Power: Kids who bully use their power—such as physical strength,
access to embarrassing information, or popularity—to control or harm others. Power
imbalances can change over time and in different situations, even if they involve the
same people.
Repetition: Bullying behaviors happen more than once or have the potential to
happen more than once.
Bullying includes actions such as making threats, spreading rumors, attacking
someone physically or verbally, and excluding someone from a group on purpose.

Statistics
Here are statistics from studies that journalists and other content creators can feel
comfortable including in their pieces. If you find data that looks significantly
different, examine it critically, or ask an expert.

National Statistics
 Been Bullied
1. 28% of U.S. students in grades 6–12 experienced bullying.
2. 20% of U.S. students in grades 9–12 experienced bullying.
 Bullied Others

1. Approximately 30% of young people admit to bullying others in

surveys.
 Seen Bullying

1. 70.6% of young people say they have seen bullying in their schools.
2. 70.4% of school staff have seen bullying. 62% witnessed bullying two or
more times in the last month and 41% witness bullying once a week or
more.

6
 3. When bystanders intervene, bullying stops within 10 seconds 57% of
the time.
 Been Cyberbullied

1. 9% of students in grades 6–12 experienced cyberbullying.2

 15% of high school students (grades 9–12) were electronically
bullied in the past year.
 However, 55.2% of LGBTQ students experienced cyberbullying.
 How Often Bullied

1. In one large study, about 49% of children in grades 4–12 reported being
bullied by other students at school at least once during the past month,
whereas 30.8% reported bullying others during that time.
2. Defining "frequent" involvement in bullying as occurring two or more
times within the past month, 40.6% of students reported some type of
frequent involvement in bullying, with 23.2% being the youth
frequently bullied, 8.0% being the youth who frequently bullied others,
and 9.4% playing both roles frequently.
 Types of Bullying

1. The most common types of bullying are verbal and social. Physical
bullying happens less often. Cyberbullying happens the least
frequently.
2. According to one large study, the following percentages of middle
schools students had experienced these various types of bullying: name
calling (44.2 %); teasing (43.3 %); spreading rumors or lies (36.3%);
pushing or shoving (32.4%); hitting, slapping, or kicking (29.2%); leaving
out (28.5%); threatening (27.4%); stealing belongings (27.3%); sexual
comments or gestures (23.7%); e-mail or blogging (9.9%).
 Where Bullying Occurs

1. Most bullying takes place in school, outside on school grounds, and on

the school bus. Bullying also happens wherever kids gather in the
community. And of course, cyberbullying occurs on cell phones and
online.
2. According to one large study, the following percentages of middle
schools students had experienced bullying in these various places at
school: classroom (29.3%); hallway or lockers (29.0%); cafeteria
(23.4%); gym or PE class (19.5%); bathroom (12.2%); playground or
recess (6.2%).

7
  How Often Adult Notified

1. Only about 20 to 30% of students who are bullied notify adults about
the bullying.

Stages of bullying

1. BULLYING BEGINS
As there is so many different forms of bullying, it can also begin many different ways.
Online, it can take the form of social media shaming or spreading rumors about
others in group chats. In-person, it can be physical victimization at school or during
sports, hazing, or intimidation. It can also be more indirect, such as with gossip and
social exclusion.

The reasons bullying begins are equally diverse. Sometimes it’s a matter of ‘monkey-
see-monkey-do’, as in hanging around other bullies and then mimicking that
behavior. Similarly, being neglected at home can result in a teen acting out simply
because they crave attention or feel the need to pass down the same sort of verbal
abuse they hear at home. Often, it’s due to insecurity, and the bully’s behavior is a
reaction to the threat of others finding out they are filled with fear and weakness.

2. IDENTIFYING VICTIMS
According to the Pacer National Bullying Prevention Center, 25% of all students will
experience bullying during their academic careers.
While no kids are exempt from the risk of being bullied, the favorite victims of bullies
are those that are sensitive, socially withdrawn, physically weak, anxious, passive, or
that have poor self-esteem. These groups tend not to be retaliatory, another reason
why kids with disabilities are 2-3x more likely to be bullied than their peers. As of
2013, more than 74% of LGBT students reported being bullied because of their sexual
orientation.

8
 3. FUELING THE FIRE
Bullies crave reaction, be it from their victims, peers, or bystanders. And when bullies
get a reaction they find desirable without any sort of negative repercussion, this
further incentivizes them to continue their bullying behavior. The control they are
able to exert over others also fuels continued bullying behavior.

Conversely, bullies who don’t achieve their desired reaction or who are confronted
by adults and/or peers who stand up for the person being bullied typically back down
and either change their behavior or move on to other targets.

4. EFFECTS OF BULLYING
Bullying affects victims in myriad physical, emotional, and mental ways. Victims of
bullying often have lower self-esteem, may withdraw socially, or become more
anxious. These are the same traits bullies target to begin with, which makes victims
even more vulnerable to continued bullying. Victims can then also have difficulty
concentrating at school or practice due to fear of being bullied again, or due to
replaying previous incidences over in their head.

All these things can lead to a downward spiral in which a victim becomes depressed
and their school work, athletic performance, and even personality and outlook on life
are negatively impacted.

5. COPING MECHANISMS
Once bullied, victims may engage in a number of different coping mechanisms.
Sometimes these are healthy, such as reaching out for help, seeking strength in
numbers, or supporting anti-bullying programs.

But more commonly a young person’s coping mechanisms are forms of avoidance,
like coming up with reasons to miss school or practice, becoming more socially
withdrawn, downplaying the effect bullying is having on them, or even starting to
bully others.

9
 6. PUTTING A STOP TO BULLYING
As long as a bully feels powerful and in control, they’ll continue bullying a victim (or
multiple) as long as there are no negative repurcussions. Unfortunately, there is no
silver bullet solution to stopping bullying and it may take a variety of different
methods to truly bring it to an end.
It’s important for victims to realize being bullied is not their fault. It is similarly
important for schools, sports organizations, and parents to realize stopping the
bullying is not the responsibility of the person being bullied. The most effective anti-
bullying interventions originate with adults and institutions like schools and sports
clubs. While kids being bullied should be encouraged to seek help, seek safety in
numbers, stand up for themselves, and even avoid situations where the risk of being
bullied is highest, comprehensive anti-bullying programs led and supported by adults
key to protecting all kids.

Although bystanders may not want to interfere as to avoid becoming a target

themselves, intervening in a bullying situation can play a crucial role in ending it.
Intervening can be done directly, such as by expressing disapproval, defending the
victim, or otherwise changing the situation to distract the bully. In group situations,
just one person standing up for another can often be enough to encourage others to
join in. Indirectly, bystanders can also go tell a trusted adult (a parent, teacher, or
coach) who can influence on the situation.

Types of Bullying
There are three types of bullying:

 Verbal bullying is saying or writing mean things. Verbal bullying includes:

o Teasing

o Name-calling

o Inappropriate sexual comments

10
 o Taunting

o Threatening to cause harm

 Social bullying, sometimes referred to as relational bullying, involves hurting
someone’s reputation or relationships. Social bullying includes:

o Leaving someone out on purpose

o Telling other children not to be friends with someone

o Spreading rumors about someone

o Embarrassing someone in public

 Physical bullying involves hurting a person’s body or possessions. Physical
bullying includes:
o Hitting/kicking/pinching

o Spitting

o Tripping/pushing

o Taking or breaking someone’s things

o Making mean or rude hand gestures

Why do people get bullied?

Bullies can act because they are jealous of their target's status, talents, abilities,
circumstances or possessions. Bullies act without integrity, and despise people who
display it. Sometimes they act with no reason other than for the kick they get from
realising that something they have done has provoked a reaction in their target.
Making people annoyed can be a cheap source of gratification and amusement. But
bullies with jobs fear exposure of their perceived shortcomings, such as inadequacy
and incompetence, and these people bully not for fun but in order - they think - to
survive. Competent colleagues fuel the bully's fear that shortcomings in their

11
capabilities will surface, so they tend to select targets who fulfil some of the criteria
below.

Being in the wrong place at the wrong time

 Bullies are predatory and opportunistic. Irrespective of any other explanation,

being in the wrong place at the wrong moment is the main reason.

Being competent

 being good at their job, often excelling;

 being willing to go that extra mile and expect others to do the same;
 being successful, tenacious, determined, courageous, having fortitude;
 being imaginative, creative, innovative;
 being able to master new skills;
 thinking long term and seeing the bigger picture;
 being helpful, always willing to share knowledge and experience;
 being diligent and industrious;

Being Popular

 with colleagues, customers, clients, pupils, parents, patients, etc;

 Being regarded as an expert and the person to whom others come for advice,
either personal or professional;
 having a sense of humour, including displays of quick-wittedness

Having strength of character

 displaying integrity, honesty, intelligence and intellect;

 having a well-defined set of values that they are unwilling to compromise;
 being trustworthy, trusting, conscientious, loyal and dependable;
 a sense of fairness: willingness to tackle injustice;
 low propensity to violence and strong forgiving streak
 refusing to join an established clique;
 being sensitive (having empathy, concern for others, respect, tolerance etc)
 being slow to anger
 showing independence of thought or deed;

12
  refusing to become a corporate clone and drone;
 having high coping skills under stress, especially when the injury to health
becomes apparent

Having a vulnerability

 The need to earn a living from work;

 being proud of one's reputation and record;
 being too old or too expensive;
 finding it difficult to say no;
 low assertiveness and a need to feel valued;
 believing everyone is on the same team and working toward the same goals;
 being too tolerant;
 being a perfectionist;
 low propensity to violence and strong forgiving streak;
 a tendency to self-deprecation, indecisiveness, deference and approval
seeking;
 high expectations of those in authority and a distaste for those who abuse
their power;
 quick to apologise when accused, even if not guilty

Having raised concerns

 ... about bullying, fraud, safety or any matter where the bully feels implicated
or at risk as a result.

Revenge

 The characteristics above typically apply to targets who have done nothing
wrong to provoke the treatment to which they are subjected. However, some
people respond to bullying with bullying. Sometimes they target their bully,
effectively engaging in a fight. Revenge bullying does not require the subject
of the revenge to have the sort of characteristics listed above. Some would
argue that bullying in revenge is justifiable, but in absolute terms it is no less
unreasonable than the behaviour that provoked it.
 It is common to for a person be reasonably reprimanded for something they
have done wrong, to feel the reprimand is unjustified, and to take action

13
 against the person who reprimanded them. This is a common response to
whistle-blowing, but it can also happen to a manager who takes reasonable
steps to address a shortcoming in a subordinate's work or conduct, and it can
happen when someone snaps in response to a bully's efforts to provoke
anger. The perpetrator of revenge bullying can lose any moral high ground
they might have had at the outset, and if they persist or their response is
particularly mean or damaging, they can ultimately lose their right to criticise
the conduct to which they were originally subjected.

Effects of Bullying
Bullying can affect everyone—those who are bullied, those who bully, and those who
witness bullying. Bullying is linked to many negative outcomes including impacts on
mental health, substance use, and suicide. It is important to talk to kids to determine
whether bullying—or something else—is a concern.

Kids Who are Bullied

Kids who are bullied can experience negative physical, school, and mental health
issues. Kids who are bullied are more likely to experience:

 Depression and anxiety, increased feelings of sadness and loneliness, changes

in sleep and eating patterns, and loss of interest in activities they used to
enjoy. These issues may persist into adulthood.

 Health complaints

 Decreased academic achievement—GPA and standardized test scores—and

school participation. They are more likely to miss, skip, or drop out of school.

A very small number of bullied children might retaliate through extremely violent
measures. In 12 of 15 school shooting cases in the 1990s, the shooters had a history
of being bullied.

14
Kids Who Bully Others

Kids who bully others can also engage in violent and other risky behaviors into
adulthood. Kids who bully are more likely to:

 Abuse alcohol and other drugs in adolescence and as adults

 Get into fights, vandalize property, and drop out of school

 Engage in early sexual activity

 Have criminal convictions and traffic citations as adults

 Be abusive toward their romantic partners, spouses, or children as adults

Bystanders

Kids who witness bullying are more likely to:

 Have increased use of tobacco, alcohol, or other drugs

 Have increased mental health problems, including depression and anxiety

 Miss or skip school

How to stop bullying

You can be someone who stops bullying before it even starts. How cool is
that! Here are some ways to beat bullying at your school.

 Stand up for people who are bullied. Bullies often want an audience and
approval. Let bullies know that you do not think being mean is cool.

 Take an anti-bullying pledge. Print out our pledge to stand up against

bullying.

 Take action. See if you can start an anti-bullying club or prevention program
at your school.

15
 Talk to other kids. Try to learn more about where bullying happens at your
school. Talk about what might help. See if you and some friends can go
together to talk to an adult at school.

 Talk to your teachers or principal. Let adults at school know that you care
about this topic. Ask the school to host an assembly on bullying. Ask for an
anonymous survey to learn how many kids are being bullied.

 Talk to your parents or guardians. Your parents or guardians can ask your
school to focus more on bullying. We have information for adults on
the bullying page in our section for parents and caregivers.

 Speak (and write) up! Write a blog, school newspaper article, or tweets to
tackle bullying.

16
Chapter III : Conclusion
Conclusion
Bullying is a negative action that is carried out repeatedly where the action is
intentionally carried out with the aim to hurt and make someone feel uncomfortable.

Moral understanding is an individual's understanding that emphasizes the reason

why an action is done and how someone thinks up to the decision that something is
good or bad. Moral understanding is not about what is good or bad, but about how
someone thinks to the decision that something is good or bad.

Students with a high moral understanding will think first of the actions that will be
done so they will not do harm or bullying to their friends.

In addition, the success of adolescents in the process of forming a reasonable

personality and the formation of self-maturity make them able to face various
challenges and in their lives now and in the future. For that they should get care and
education that supports their development.

Suggest
our advice, we must support anti-bullying in our school or environment to prevents
more bullying happend and we more pay attention about bullying understanding.

17
BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://www.stopbullying.gov/what-is-bullying/index.html

https://www.girlshealth.gov/bullying/school/index.html

http://bullyonline.org/index.php/bullying/4-why-me

18