Aakash Model Test Papers Solutions XI Chemistry

Chemistry (Class XI) Solutions of Model Test Paper-1
Solutions
of
Model Test P aper - 1
( for School / Board Exam s)
Exams)
CHEMISTRY
Topics : Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry, Structure of Atom, Classification of Elements and
Periodicity in Properties, Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, States of Matter,
Thermodynamics, Equilibrium, Redox Reactions
Ans 1. Molar volume of N2 and Ar at 273.15 K and 1 atm (STP) is 22.4 L each. [1]
Ans 2. Electron gain enthalpy is the energy change that occurs when an electron (outside) is added to outermost
shell of a isolated gaseous atom or ion. [½]
Electronegativity: It is the ability of an atom to attract the shared or bonded pair of electron. [½]
Ans 3. Na: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 = [Ne]3s1
So, the electron with highest energy resides in 3s1
Quantum number
n = 3, l = 0, m = 0, s = +½ [¼ × 4 =1]
Ans 4. Ammonia will have higher value of ‘a’ because of strong H-bonding in comparison to N2 which has weaker
van der Waal forces. [1]
Ans 5. Ionisation enthalpy depends on the effective nuclear charge. For, isotopes since they have same number
of protons so effective nuclear charge is same and thus they have same ionisation enthalpies. [1]
Ans 6. (i) Dalton’s law of partial pressure can be applied only to non-reacting gases because if the gases will
react the composition of the mixture will change and thus the pressure of mixture will also change.
[1]
(ii) Volume  Number of moles (At STP) [1]
1
Moles of 1 g CO = = 0.036
28
1
Moles of 1 g CH4 = = 0.062
16
Volume occupied by 1 g of CH4 will greater.
Ans 7. Mendeleev’s Periodic Law — The properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic masses. [1]
Modern Periodic Law — The properties of the elements are periodic function of their atomic numbers. [1]
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(51)
Solutions of Model Test Paper-1 Chemistry (Class XI)
Ans 8. (i) The electrons are added one by one into various orbitals in order of their increasing energy starting
with the orbital of lowest energy. [1]
(ii) Electronic configuration of (Zr) = [Kr]4d25s2 [½]
Electronic configuration of (Cu) = [Ar]3d104s1 [½]
Mass of solute
Ans 9. Mass percent = ×100 [1]
Mass of solution
Mole fraction of a component is the ratio of moles of a particular component to the total number of moles
in the solution [1]
Ans 10. Electron behaves as stationary wave in orbit.
For stationary wave.
2r = n ; where n can be 1, 2, 3...
According to de-Broglie.
h
 [½]
mv
h h
Hence 2r = n  mvr  n [1½]
mv 2
Ans 11. Al(OH)3 Al3+ + 3OH–
1 0 0
1–S S 3S [1]
Ksp = 2.7 × 10–11
Ksp = [Al3+][OH–]3
Ksp = S × (3S)3 [1]
2.7 × 10–11 = 27S4
10–12 = S4
10–3mol/L = S or 1mol Al(OH)3  78g
7.8  10 2 g/L [1]
Ans 12. Mn3+  Mn2+ + MnO2 + H+ [½]
Ion electron method
Mn3+ + e–  Mn2+ [Reduction half reaction] [½]
Mn3+  MnO2 + e– [Oxidation half reaction] [½]
(52)
Balancing O
Mn3+ + e–  Mn2+
Mn3+ + 2H2O  MnO2 + e– [½]
Balancing H
Mn3+ + e–  Mn2+
Mn3+ + 2H2O  MnO2 + e– + 4H+ [½]
2Mn3+ + 2H2O  MnO2 + Mn2+ + 4H+ [½]
Ans 13. N2 2N
Initial moles 0.05 0 [½]
70
Moles of N2 after dissociation = 0.05 × = 0.035 [½]
100
30
Moles of N after dissociation = 0.05 × × 2 = 0.03 [½]
100
 Total moles of gas (n) after dissociation = 0.035 + 0.03 [½]
= 0.065 mol
T = 1800 K
P=?
V=5L
R = 0.0821 L atm K–1 mol
nRT
P [½]
V
0.065  0.0821 1800

=
5
= 1.92 atm [½]
Ans 14. G = H – TS [½]
H = U + ngRT [½]
 G = U + ngRT – TS [½]
ng = nP – nr = 2 – (2 + 1)
= –1 [½]
(53)
G° = – 10500 + (–1 × 8.314 × 298) – 298 × (–44.1)
= –10500 – 2477.58 + 13141.8
= +164.22 J [½]
Reaction will be non-spontaneous as G is positive. [½]
Ans 15. E = 3.15 × 10–18 J
 = 600 nm
hc
Energy of 1 photon = h = [½]

6.626  1034  3  108

= [½]
600 × 10-9
= 3.3 × 10–19 J [½]
Total energy
No. of photons = [½]
Energy of 1 photon
3.15  10 18
= [½]
3.3  10 19
= 0.95 × 10  10 [½]
Ans 16. A Z–1
B Z
C Z+1
B is an inert element so, it is group 18 element
(i) C is an Alkali metal and A is a Halogen. [½ + ½]
(ii) B has positive electron gain enthalpy, this is because a lot of energy will be required to add an electron
in an atom having stable electronic configuration. [1]
(iii) Element C will have least IE as it has only 1 loosely bounded electron in the valence shell. [1]
Ans 17. (i) In HF, hydrogen atom is directly bonded to small and highly electronegative element i.e. F. [1]
(ii) Bond angle in H2O is less than in NH3 due to more lp–lp and lp–bp repulsions in comparison to NH3
as H2O has 2 Ip while NH3 has only one lp. [1]
N O
H H H
104.5°
H
1 07
H
°
(iii) Water has higher boiling point than methane due to greater polarity and H–bonding. [1]
(54)
Ans 18. PCl5 PCl3 + Cl2
Initially 3 0 0
At equilibrium 3–x x x [½]
x2
KC = = 1.8 [½]
3x
x2 = 5.4 – 1.8x
–1.8 ± (1.8)2  4( 5.4)

x2 + 1.8x – 5.4 = 0 or x = [1]
2
x = 1.59
 [PCl5] = 3 – 1.59 = 1.41 M [½]
[Cl2] = [PCl3] = 1.59 M [½]
Ans 19. K = ?
T = 298 K
P = 1 atm
1
NO(g) + O (g) NO2(g)
2 2
G° = –2.303 RT log K
G° = H° – TS°
or H° – TS° = –2.303 RT log K ...(i) [1]
S° = –70.8 JK–mol–
Hr  Hf NO2  Hf NO
= 33.8 – 90.4 = –56.6 kJ/mol = –56600 J/mole [1]
Substituting the values in expression (i), We get –56600 – 298 (–70.8) = –2.303 × 8.314 × 298 log K
21098.4 – 56600 = –5705.8 log K
or 35501.6 = 5705.8 log K
6.22 = log K
or K = 1.66 × 106 [1]
(55)
Ans 20. (i) No, ClO4– cannot undergo disproportionation because oxidation state of Cl in ClO4– is +7 (maximum
for chlorine). [1]
(ii) A reaction in which the atom of same element is simultaneously oxidised as well as reduced is called
a disproportionation reaction. [1]
1
H2O2  H2O + O [1]
2 2
[PCl3 ][Cl2 ]
Ans 21. (i) KC = [PCl5 ] [½]
1 [PCl5 ]
(ii) K C =  [½]
K C [PCl3 ][Cl2 ]
(iii) (a) On adding more PCl5 reaction will proceed in forward direction and but KC will not change. [2]
(b) On increasing pressure, reaction will proceed in backward direction and KC will not change.
(c) Since reaction is endothermic. So, with the increase in temperature, reaction will proceed in
forward direction and thus KC will increase.
Ans 22.  = ?
⎡1 1⎤
E = +2.18 × 10–18 ⎢ n2  n2 ⎥ [½]
⎣ i f ⎦
⎡1 1 ⎤
= 2.18 × 10–18 ⎢  ⎥
⎣ 4 16 ⎦
⎡ 4  1⎤
= 2.18 × 10–18 ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 16 ⎦
= 0.40875 × 10–18 J
= 4.09 × 10–19 J [½]
hc 6.626 × 10-34  3  108

E = or = 4.09 × 10–19 [½]
 
6.626 × 10 -34  3  108

or =
4.09  10 19
= 4.86 × 10–7 m [½]
The line lies in the visible region as it is a transition (n  4 to n 2) in Balmer series. [1]
Ans 23. (i) Molality is better than molarity because molality is independent of temperature. (Molarity depends on
volume which is further dependent on temperature) [2]
(ii) Molarity is expressed in mol/L or Molality is expressed in mol/kg or m. [1]
(56)
(iii) Pooja has scientific temperament and good observation skills. [1]
⎡ 1 1⎤
Ans 24. (i) Wirrev = –Pext V = – Pext(V2 – V1) = – PextnRT ⎢  ⎥ [½]
⎣ P2 P1 ⎦
⎡ 1 1 ⎤
= –0.1 × 5 × 8.314 × 293 ⎢  ⎥
⎣ 0.1 0.4 ⎦
= –9135 J [½]
U = 0 [for isothermal] [½]
H = 0 [for isothermal and ideal gas] [½]
W = –q or q = 9135 J [½]
(ii) For Reversible Process
U = W + q [½]
U = 0 [For isothermal process]
H = 0 [for isothermal process and ideal gas]
q = –W [½]
0.4
W = – 2.303 nRT log [½]
0.1
= –2.303 × 5 × 8.314 × 2 × 0.3010 × 293 [log2 = 0.3010]
= –16886.4 J = – 16.8 kJ [½]
q = +16886.4 J = 16.8 kJ [½]
CH3  CH3
Ans 25. (i) sp3 sp 3
[1]
CH3  CH  CH2
(ii) sp3
2
sp sp2
[1]
CH3  CH2  OH
(iii) sp3 sp3
[1]
sp 2
CH3  C  H
(iv) sp3
|| [1]
O
sp3 sp2
(v) CH3  C – O–H [1]

||
O
Ans 26. (i) Gay Lussac’s law of gaseous volumes: It states that when gases combine or are produced in a
chemical reaction, they do so in a simple ratio by volume provided all gases are at same temperature
and pressure. [1]
(57)
e.g. N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)

1 volume 3 volume 2 volume [1]
So, ratio is 1 : 3 : 2
(ii) Molarity = 3 M
Density = 1.25 g/mL
Molality = ?
Volume = 1 L
Molarity 3 M  3 moles of NaCl in 1 L solution [¼]
Msolution
 = [½]
V
Msolution =  × V
= 1.25 ×1000
= 1250 g [½]
nNaCl = 3 moles = 3 × 58.5
= 175.5 g [¼]
Mass of solvent = 1250 – 175.5
= 1074.5 g [½]
No. of moles
Molality = Mass of solvent(kg) [½]
3 × 1000
 Molality =
1074.5
= 2.79 m [½]

(58)
Solutions
of
Exams)
CHEMISTRY
Ans 1. P1 < P2 < P3 < P4 [1]
Ans 2. n + l = 3 can be possible in 2p and 3s [½]
So, 3 electrons in p and 1 e– in s can have same spin so, total 4e– can have same spin. [½]
Ans 3. No, CO2 can be liquefied at 30.98°C above this it cannot be liquefied however high the pressure is
applied. [1]
Ans 4. Kinetic energy of photoelectron does not depend on intensity of radiation. [1]
Ans 5. [OH–] = 10–1 M
pOH = 1
pH = 14 – 1 = 13 [1]
Ans 6. Conditions under which zeroes in a number are significant are
(i) Zeroes between two non-zero digits are significant [½]
e.g. 1.07 has 3 significant figures [½]
(iii) Zeroes at the end or right of a number are significant provided they are on right side of decimal. [½]
e.g. 6.00 has 3 significant figures [½]
Ans 7. In 5th period, filling of 5s, 4d and 5p subshells takes place. [1]
So, we will have 2 + 10 + 6 = 18 elements in 5th period. [1]
Ans 8. For Lyman series
1 ⎛1 1 ⎞
= = 109677 ⎜1 n2 ⎟ n = level from which e– is coming
 ⎝ ⎠
1 ⎡1 1 ⎤
For 1st line  109677 ⎢  ⎥ [½]
 ⎣1 4 ⎦
(59)
1 ⎡3⎤
 109677 ⎢ ⎥ cm–1 or 82257.75 cm–1
 ⎣4⎦
or  = 1.2 × 10–5 cm [½]
For limit line for Lyman i.e. n to n 1
1 ⎡1 1 ⎤
Now,  109677 ⎢  2 ⎥ [½]
 ⎣1  ⎦
= 109677 cm–
or   9.11 106 cm. [½]
Ans 9. P1 = 1 bar P2 = 0.2 bar
V1 = 2.27 L V2 = ?
P1V1
 V2 [1]
P2
1 2.27
 11.35 L [1]
0.2
Ans 10. (i) N3–, O2–, F–, Na+, Mg2+ and Al3+ all have 10 electrons. So, they all are isoelectronic species. [1]
(ii) More is the positive charge on the ion, smaller is its size. So, the order of their ionic radii is
Al3+ < Mg2+ < Na+ < F– < O2– < N3– [1]
hc
Ans 11. Energy of radiation =

6.626 × 10 34 × 3 × 108

=
256.7 10 9
= 7.74 × 10–19 J [1]
Using photoelectric equation
E = W0 + K.E
e × Stopping potential = KE
= 0.35 eV = 0.35 × 1.6 × 10–19 J [ 1ev = 1.6 × 10–19]
= 0.56 × 10–19 J [1]
 W0 = E – K.E
(60)
= (7.74 – 0.56) × 10–19 J
= 7.18 × 10–19 J
W0 = 4.48 eV [1]
Ans 12. Resonating structure of NO3– are
– – –
NO 3 O O O
=
–
N+ N+ N+ [3]
– –O –
O O O O O
Ans 13. [Ba2+] = 2 × 10–5 M
⎡⎣SO 24 ⎤⎦ = 1 × 10–5 M
Since equal volume i.e. 20 mL of two solution are mixed together, after mixing
2  10 5
[Ba2+] = = 10–5 M [1]
2
1 10 5
⎡⎣SO 24 ⎤⎦ = = 0.5 × 10–5 M [1]
2
2
Ionic product of BaSO4 = [Ba2+] ⎡⎣SO 4 ⎤⎦
= 10–5 × 0.5 × 10–5
= 5 × 10–11 M [½]
Ionic product < solubility product
 Precipitation of BaSO4 will not be formed. [½]
Ans 14. S = ∑ (S)P – ∑ (S)R [½]
= 2 × (239.7) – (152.3 + 223)
= 479.4 – 375.3 = 104.1 J mol–1K–1  0.1041 kJ mol–1 K–1 [1]
T = 298 K
H = 29.3 kJ
G = H – TS [½]
= 29.3 – 298 (0.1041) [½]
= 29.3 – 31.0
= –1.7 kJ [½]
(61)
Ans 15. Atomic Molecular Atomic [2]

orbitals orbitals orbitals
2pz
 
 2px  2py
2p 2p
2px 2py
2pz
2s
2s 2s
2s
1s
1s 1s
1s
O O2 O
Molecular orbital diagram of O2 molecule
It is paramagnetic as it has two unpaired electrons in *2px and *2py
1
B.O = 10  6  2
2
So, it has a double bond due to the reason that it has bond order 2. [1]
Ans 16.
Elements Percentage Atomic Mass Relative Number Simplest Simplest Whole

of moles Atomic ratio Number ratio
C 57.8 12 4.82 2 4
H 3.6 1 3.6 1.5 3
O 38.6 16 2.41 1 2
Empirical Formula = C4H3O2 [1]
Empirical formula mass = 4 × 12 + 3 × 1 + 2 × 16
= 48 + 3 + 32 = 83 [¼]
Molecular mass = 2 × VD
Molecular mass = 2 × 83
= 163 u [¼]
n = Molecular mass / Empirical mass
163
n= =2 [½]
83
(62)
Or Molecular formula = 2 × EF [½]

= 2 × C4H3O2
= C8H6O4 [½]
Ans 17. Le-chateliers principle states that a change in any of factors that determine the equilibrium conditions of
a system will cause the system to change in such a manner so as to reduce the effect of change. [1]
Factors effecting equilibrium are [½ × 4 = 2]
(a) Concentration: On increasing the concentration of reactants, reaction will proceed in forward direction
and increasing the concentration of product, reaction will proceed in backward direction.
(b) Pressure: Pressure impacts the reactions involving gases. With the increases in pressure the reaction
will proceed in the direction where number of gaseous moles are less. If the number of moles on
reactant and product side are same then pressure will have no effect on equilibrium.
(c) Temperature: Increase in temperature follows endothermic reaction.
(d) Addition of inert gas at constant volume will not affect equilibrium.
Addition of inert gas at constant pressure shifts the equilibrium whose the number of gaseous moles
are more.
Ans 18. (i) Pauli Exclusion Principle: No two electrons in an atom can have same set of all four quantum
numbers. [1]
(ii) Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle: It states that position and momentum of microscopic moving
particles cannot be determined simultaneously with accuracy or certainly. [1]
(iii) The splitting of spectral lines in the presence of magnetic field is called Zeeman effect. [1]
Ans 19. Diagonal relationship: It is particularly noticeable in elements of second and third periods of modern
periodic table where the elements show certain similarities on moving diagonally. e.g. Li and Mg show
diagonal relationship. [1]
Elements of second period show anomalous behaviour due to: [½ × 2]
(i) Smaller size of their atoms
(ii) Higher ionisation enthalpies
(iii) Absence of vacant d-orbitals
(iv) Higher electronegativities.
Ans 20. V1 = 20 L V2 = 20 L
W1 = 160 g n2 = ?
M = 32 g W2 = ?
(63)
T1 = 298 K P2 = 1.2 atm
n1 = 5 T2 = 298 K
R, V, T are constant
P1 P2
 PV = nRT   [½]
n1 n2
n1RT 5  0.0821 298

P1  
V1 20
= 6.1 atm [½]
From equation 1, we get
0.61 1.2
  n2 1 mol [½]
5 n2
1.2  5
n2   1 mole [½]
6.1
 moles of O2 released = n1 – n2
=5–1
 4 mol [½]
= 128 g [½]
Ans 21. C + 2S  CS2 H4 = ?
C + O2  CO2 H1 = – 393.3 kJ/mol [½]
S + O2  SO2 H2 = –293.72 kJ/mol [½]
CS2 + 3O2  CO2 + 2SO2 H3 = –1108.76 kJ/mol [½]
Reaction (iv) can be obtained by following
H4 = H1 + 2H2 – H3 [½]
C + O2 + 2S + 2O2 – CS2 – 3O2  CO2 + 2SO2 – CO2 – 2SO2
C + 2S  CS2
H4 = –393.3 + 2(–293.72) – (–1108.76) [½]
= –393.3 – 587.44 + 1108.76
(64)
= –980.74 + 1108.76
= 128.02 kJ/mol [½]
Ans 22.
Molecule Number of bond pair Number of lone pair Shape
ClF3 3 2 Distorted T. shape
NH2– 2 2 Bent shape
BrF5 5 1 Square pyramidal
[1 × 3 = 3]
Ans 23. (i) HAu(III)Cl4 [1]
Mercury (I) chloride Hg(I)Cl [1]
(ii) At anode
Ni(s)  Ni2+(aq) + 2e– (oxidation) [1]
At cathode
2Ag+(aq) + 2e–  2Ag(s) (Reduction)
Ni|Ni2+(aq)||Ag+(aq)|Ag [1]
Ans 24. (i) With the increase in temperature, KC has increased that means more products are formed. So,
reaction is endothermic because with increase in T forward reaction is favoured.
A + B + heat Products [1]
(ii) H2 + I2  2HI
Initially 25 20 0
At equilibrium 25 – x 20 – x 2x [½]
2x = 30 or x = 15 [1]
ng = 0
HI   30   900
2 2
KC = KP =
 2 I2  (10)  5 50
H
[1]
= 18 [½]
(iii) Reaction of acetic acid and ethyl alcohol attains equilibrium in open vessel but decomposition of
CaCO3 cannot because CaCO3 on decomposition liberates CO2 which can escape in open vessel and
thus equilibrium will not be attained. [1]
(65)
Ans 25. (i) Molarity is defined as number of moles of solute dissolved per litre of the solution. [½]
Strength is defined as mass of solute in (g) dissolved per litre of the solution. [½]
(ii) WCH3COONa = ?
MCH3COONa = 82 g/mol [½]
V = 500 mL
M = 0.375
Number of moles of CH3 COONa

Molarity = [½]
Volume of solution(L)
W
82
0.375 = 500 [½]
1000
W 1000
0.375 = 
82 500
W = 15.38 g [½]
(iii) Strength of solution(g/L) = Molarity (mol/L) × Molar mass (g)/mol [1]
(iv) 1 molar is more concentrated than 1 molal. [1]
92.4
Ans 26. (i) Standard enthalpy of formation of ammonia = kJ / mol [1]
2
= 46.2 kJ/mol
(ii) Hr  ∑(BE)reactants  ∑(BE)Product [½]
[2C – H + 2C – Cl – O] [½]
= [2 × 414 + 2 × 330] [½]
= (828 + 660) = 1488 kJ/mol = 1488 kJ/mol [½]
(iii) Work done in vacuum = 0 [½]
Q + W = U [½]
U = 0 [at constant T] [½]
 Q=0 [½]

(66)
Solutions
of
Exams)
CHEMISTRY
Ans 1. BF3 is a Lewis acid because boron is deficient of two electrons in this molecule. [1]
Ans 2. Na+BH4–
Oxidation state of Boron be x
 +1 + x – 4 = 0
x=3 [½]
H2S2O7
2 + 2x + (–14) = 0
2x – 12 = 0
x=6 [½]
Ans 3. Unpaired electrons present in 3p of Silicon will experience more effective nuclear charge due to greater
nuclear charge (+14). [1]
Ans 4. Bond angle
NH3 107.8° [½]
NH4+ 109.5° [½]
NH4+ has higher bond angle.
Ans 5. According to Avogadro’s law V  n (P and T constant).
1
According to Boyle’s law V  (T and n constant) [½]
P
According to Charles’ law V  T (P and n constant)
Combining the three Laws, we get
nT RnT
V  or V = or PV = nRT [½]
P P
Where R is proportionality constant known as universal gas constant
(67)
Ans 6. 4HCl(aq) + MnO2(s)  2H2O(l) + MnCl2(aq) + Cl2
As per the equation
4 moles of HCl react with 1 mol of MnO2 [½]
4 × 36.5 g HCl react with 87 g of MnO2 [½]
x g HCl will react with 5 g of MnO2
4  36.5  5
or x = g of MnO2 [½]
87
x = 8.4 g of MnO2 [½]
Ans 7. 1 = 10.92 g/dm3 2 = ?
T1 = 27°C = 300 K T2 = 273 K
P1 = 4 bar = 4.04 atm, P2 = 1 atm
 at STP
P1 P
 2 [1]
1T1 2 T2
4.04 1

10.92  300 2  273
10.92  300 3276

=   2.97 g/dm3 [1]
4.04  273 1102.9
Ans 8. BeH2 has a zero dipole moment because the dipole moments of each bonds are opposite and equal.
Therefore they cancel the effect of each other. [1]
H Be H [1]
Ans 9. Molality of ethanol = ?
XB = 0.040
XA = 1 – XB = 0.96 [½]
XB × 1000
Molality = X × Molar mass of solvent [½]
A
0.040 × 1000
Molality = [½]
0.96 × 18
= 2.31 m [½]
(68)
Ans 10. x × v = ?
m = 9.1 × 10–31 kg
h
x.v  [1]
4m
6.626 × 10 –34
x.v  [½]
4  3.14  9.1 1031
= 5.8 × 10–5 m2/s [½]
Ans 11. Bronsted and Lowry concept helps to understand that if the Bronsted acid is strong acid then its conjugate
base is a weak base or vice-versa. [1]
Limitation of Bronsted Lowry theory are:
(i) Substances like AlCl3, BF3 etc. behave as acids although they do not contain any hydrogen hence
cannot give a proton. [1]
(ii) Acidic oxides such as anhydrous CO2, SO2 etc. can neutralize basic oxides like CaO, BaO even in
the absence of a solvent. [1]
Ans 12. (i) 105 - unnilpentium [½]
114 - ununquadium [½]
(ii) Electronic configuration of
p–block — ns2np1–6 [1]
d–block — (n–1)d1–10 ns1–2 [1]
Ans 13. Internal energy is the sum of different types of energies associated with atoms and molecules such as
electronic energy, nuclear energy, chemical bond energy, potential and kinetic energy. [1]
According to first law of thermodynamics
U = q + w
U = qP – PV ...(i) [qP = heat absorbed at constant P
U = U2 – U1 and V = V2 – V1 and – PV is work done by the gas]
So, equation becomes
U2 – U1 = qP – P(V2 – V1)
qP = (U2 – U1) + P(V2 – V1)
= (U2 + PV2) –(U1 + PV1) ...(ii)
U, P and V are state functions, the quantity of U + PV is also a state function and is known as enthalpy
of system.
H = U + PV
(69)
 equation (ii) becomes
qP = H2 – H1
qP = H
 equation (i) becomes
U = H – PV [2]
⎛x+y⎞ y
Ans 14. CxHy + ⎜
4 ⎟ O2  xCO2 + 2 H2O [½]
⎝ ⎠
Suppose the molecular formula of gas is CxHy
3.28
nCO2 = = 0.074 [¼]
44
0.690
nH2O = = 0.038 [¼]
18
y
2n H 2 O  n C O 2 or 2 × = x or x = y [¼]
2
10 L at STP of CxHy weighs = 11.6 g
22.4 L at STP of CxHy weighs = 25.99  26 g [½]
Molar mass of CxHy = 26 [¼]
y = x
 12x + x = 26
x=2
So, gas CxHy is C2H2 [½]
Empirical formula = CH [½]
Ans 15. NCl3 Cl [1]

N
Cl Cl
CO32– O 2– [1]
C
O O
COCl2 O C Cl [1]
Cl
(70)
Ans 16. NH4Cl(s)  NH3(g) + HCl(g)
H = 177 kJ/mol = 177 × 103 J/mol [½]
T = 25°C = 298 K [½]
S = 285 JK–1mol–1
G = ?
G = H – TS [½]
= 177000 – 298 (285)
= 177000 – 84930 = 92070 J/mol = 92 kJ/mole [½]
Since G = +ve, hence reaction is non-spontaneous. [1]
n1RT 3.2  0.0821 300

Ans 17. P1   [1]
V1 16  9
4.4  0.0821 300

P2  [1]
44  9
 P = P1 + P2 [½]
300  0.0821
= (0.2  0.1)
9
= 0.821 atm [½]
Ans 18. Difference between sigma and Pi () bond (Any three) [1 × 3 = 3]
Sigma boond Pi bond

1. It is formed by end to end overlap 1. It is formed by the sidewise overlapping of p orbitals
2. Overlapping takes place along the intra- 2. Overlapping takes place perpendicular to intra-nuclear
nuclear axis axis
3. It is stronger due to large extent of 3. It is weak due to lesser extent of overlapping
overlapping
4. Free rotation around the  bond is possible 4. Free rotation around  bond is not possible
Ans 19. pOH = 14 – 9.7 = 4.3
[OH–] = antilog [–4.3] = 5.00 × 10–5 M [1]
N2H4 + H2O N2H5+ + OH–
⎡⎣N2H5 ⎤⎦ ⎡⎣OH ⎤⎦
Kb =
N2H4  [½]
(71)
25  10 10
Kb = = 6250 × 10–10
0.004
= 6.25 ×10–7 [½]
pKb = –log Kb = – log (6.25 × 10–7) [½]
= –[0.795 – 7]
= 6.235 [½]
Ans 20. (i) B < Al < Mg < K (Metallic nature) [1]
(ii) Si < B < C < N < F (Non-metallic nature) [1]
(iii) N < Cl < O < F (Oxidising property) [1]
Ans 21. 93% H2SO4 (w/v) means 93 g H2SO4 is present in 100 mL of aqueous H2SO4 solution. [¼]
 = 1.84 g/ml
93
Number of moles of H2SO4 = = 0.95 mol [¼]
98
Number of moles of H2 SO4

Molarity = [½]
Volume of solution(L)
0.95
=  1000
100
= 9.5 M [½]
Number of moles of H2 SO4

Molality = Mass of solvent(kg) [½]
×V=M [¼]
1.84 × 100 = Msolution = mass of solution
184 g = Msolution
Mass of solvent = Msolution – Mass of solute
= 184 – 93
= 91 g [¼]
0.95  1000
 Molality = [¼]
91
950
= = 10.44 m [¼]
91
(72)
Ans 22. With the increase in pressure, number of moles per unit volume will increase. According to Le-chatelier’s
principle the reaction will proceed in the direction where number of gaseous moles are less. [½]
(i) Backward (nr < nP) [½]
(ii) Reaction will not be affected (nr = nP) [½]
(iii) Reaction will proceed in backward direction (nr < nP) [½]
(iv) Forward (nP < nr) [½]
(v) Backward (nr < nP) [½]
Ans 23. (i) Electromagnetic spectrum is a continuum of all electromagnetic waves arranged according to
frequency and wavelengths. [1]
(ii) Technology is a boon for human beings but its excess use is harmful. [1]
(iii) Ultrasound waves helps to know about internal organs in a human being. But these days people us
it to determine the sex of a baby in prenatal stage and also leads to female foeticide. [1+1]
Ans 24. (i) Hund’s rule: no pairing of electron starts in any of the degenerate orbitals until all the orbitals of the
subshell contain one electron each with parallel spin. [1]
(ii) m=0 [1]
(iii) Magnetic quantum number gives the orientation of orbital [1]
(iv) For f orbital, l value is 3 [1]
 n=4
(v) Maximum 14 electrons can be accommodate in f-orbital. [1]
Ans 25. (i) Oxidation Number method
O.N increases by 1 × 2 = 2
Cr 2O7 2– + H + + 2I – 2C r3+ + I 2 + H 2 O
[½]
O.N decreases by 3 × 2 = 6
–
I equation multiplied by 3.
Cr 2O7 2– + H + + 6I – 2Cr3+ + 3I 2 + H 2O [½]
Balance the O by adding H2O molecules
Cr 2O7 2– + H + + 6I – 2Cr3+ + 3I 2 + 7H 2O
Balance H+ by adding H+, we get
Cr 2O7 2– + 14H + + 6I – 2Cr3+ + 3I 2 + 7H 2O [1]
(73)
(ii) (a) 2Cr(s) + 3Fe+2(aq) 3Fe(s) + 2Cr3+(aq) [1]
(b) Cr will act as anode and Fe will act as cathode
 Cr reduction potential is less in comparison to Fe. [1]
(c) Ecell  Ecathode

 
– Eanode [1]
= –0.45 – (–0.75)
= 0.3 V
Ans 26. (i) Entropy can be defined as degree of randomness. At 0 K or –273.15°C, all the molecular motion
stops and thus perfectly crystalline have zero entropy at 0 K. [1 + 1]
(ii) Gº = ?
T = 298 K
K = 6.6 × 105
log K = 5.82 [1]
R = 8.314 Jk–1mol–1
Gº = –2.303 RT log K [1]
= –2.303 × 8.314 × 298 × 5.82
= –33208.04
= –33.2 kJ [1]

(74)
Solutions
of
Exams)
CHEMISTRY
Ans 1. Ionic product of water remains constant because it is the function of temperature only. [1]
Ans 2. In F, due to its smaller size some of the energy is utilised in overcoming the force of repulsion among
electrons. Thus, it has less negative electron gain enthalpy than Cl. [1]
Ans 3. The reagent that gets totally consumed in a chemical reaction is limiting reagent. The amount of product
formed is decided by the amount of limiting reagent. [1]
Ans 4. Real gases behave ideally at high temperature and low pressure. [½ + ½]
Ans 5. Reaction (i) proceeds nearly to completion due to very high value of KC = 4 × 1031. More the value of KC,
more is the extent of reaction. [1]
Ans 6. Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed although it may be changed from one form to other. [1]
U = q + w, U = Internal energy of system
q = heat exchange
w = work done [1]
[O3 ]2
Ans 7. KC = [1]
[O2 ]3
KC = 2 × 10–50
[O2] = 1.6 × 10–2
 [O3]2 = 2 × 10–50 × (1.6 × 10–2)3 [1]
=2× 10–50 × 4.098 × 10–6
[O3]2 = 8.192 × 10–56
[O3] = 2.8 × 10–28 M
Ans 8. OCS has high dipole moment than CS2. CS2 is a linear molecule in which two C = S bond dipoles are
oriented in the opposite directions and cancel each other. So, its net dipole is zero (which is not the case
in OCS as they are unequal dipole hence net dipole of OCS is not zero) [2]
S C S
=0
O C S
 0
(75)
Ans 9. PV Vs P at constant temperature [2]

CO CH4
H2
He
PV
ideal gas
Ans 10. (i) CO2 will be in transition between vapour and liquid phase [½ × 4 = 2]
(ii) At point B
(iii) At point C
(iv) No, CO2 will exist in gaseous state.
Ans 11. When two elements combine with each other to form two or more than two compounds then, the masses
of one of the elements which combine with fixed mass of the other, bear a simple whole number ratio. [2]
For example NO and N2O
In NO, 14 g of N combines with 16 g of O. Similarly in N2O, 28 g of N combines with 16 g of O
14
So, ratio of masses of N against 16g oxygen i.e. which bears a simple whole number ratio of 1 : 2. [1]
28
This law shows that there are certain particles which combine in certain ratio.These particles are atoms.
So, this law points to the existence of atom.
Ans 12. Factors affecting ionisation enthalpy are: [½×4 =2]
(a) Atomic radius – Smaller is the size more is the ionisation energy.
(b) Electronic configuration – Elements with stable electronic configuration have high ionisation energy.
(c) Nuclear charge – More is the nuclear charge more is the ionisation energy.
(d) Shielding effect – Larger the number of electrons in the inner shell, greater is the shielding effect.
More the shielding effect, easier it will be remove e– hence lesser will be the ionisation energy.
Ionisation energy generally increases down the group and increases on moving from left to right in a period.
[1]
Ans 13. 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O  2NaAlO2 + 3H2 [½]
54 g of Al produces = 3 × 22400 mL H2 at STP [½]
3  22400  0.15
0.15 g of Al produces = mL H at STP
54 2
= 186.67 mL [½]
P1V1 P2 V2
(STP) T  T (given) [½]
1 2
1 186.67 0.987 atm × V2

 [½]
273 293
(76)
 V2 = 202.98
 203 mL [½]
Ans 14. Molar mass of CH3OH = 32 g
V1 = ?
M2 = 0.25 M
V2 = 2.5 L
 = 0.793 kg/L
w
M [1]
MBV2
w = MB.MV2
 32 × 0.25 × 2.5
= 20 g [1]
w
V1 =
d
20
=  25.22 mL [1]
0.793
Ans 15. pH = 3 [H+] = 10–3 M [½]
pH = 5 [H+] = 10–5 M [½]
Now, [H+] of solution after mixing two given solution, we get
10 3  10 5 10 3 (1  0.01) 1.01  103

[H+] =   = 0.505 × 10–3 [1]
2 2 2
= 5 × 10–4 M [½]
pH = –log[5 × 10–4] = 3.3 [½]
Ans 16. (i) When an electron is added to oxygen atom, energy is released thus first electron gain enthalpy of
oxygen is negative but addition of second electron in O– faces repulsions. Hence addition of second
electron requires energy and thus second electron gain enthalpy of O is positive. [1]
(ii) Hybridisation of Al in AlCl3 is sp2 as it has 3 bond pairs and in AlCl4–, it is sp3 because it has 4 Bond
pairs. [1 + 1]
Ans 17. Pex = 2 bar
V = 50 – 10 = 40 L
Wirrev = –PV
Wirrev = – 2 × 40 = – 80 L bar [2]
If the above expansion were carried out reversibly, the internal pressure of the gas should be infinitesimally
greater than the internal pressure at every stage. Hence, the work done will be more. [1]
Ans 18. The main postulates of VSEPR theory are as follows: [½ × 6 = 3]
(i) The geometry and shape of the molecule depends upon the number of electron pairs (bonded as well
as non-bonded) in the valence shell of the central atom.
(77)
(ii) The electron pairs surrounding the central atom repel one another as their orbitals/electron clouds are
negatively charged.
(iii) In order to minimize repulsion, these electron pairs tend to occupy such positions in space where the
distance between them is maximum. In other words, if valence shell of central atom is taken as sphere,
the electron pairs are localised on this spherical surface at maximum distance from one another.
(iv) A multiple bond is treated as if it is a single electron pair and the two or three electron pairs of a
multiple bond are treated as a single super pair.
(v) Where two or more resonance structures can represent a molecule, the VSEPR model is applicable
to any such structure.
(vi) The repulsive interaction between two lone pairs (lp) are different from those between two bond pairs
(bp) or those between a lone pair and a bond pair. The repulsive interaction of electron pairs decreases
in the order.
lp – lp > lp – bp > bp – bp
Ans 19. CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq)  CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
Mass of CaCO3 = ?
V = 25 ml
Molarity = 0.75 M
0.75  25
n= = 0.01875 moles of HCl [1]
1000
= 0.68 g of HCl [½]

1 mol of CaCO3 reacts with 2 moles of HCl
or 100 g of CaCO3 reacts with 2 × 35.5 g HCl [½]
x g of CaCO3 reacts with 0.68 g of HCl
100
x =  0.68 [½]
71
= 0.958 g [½]
Ans 20. The solution which resists a change in pH value on the addition of a small amount of acid or base to it
is called buffer solution. [1]
Solution of ammonium hydroxide and ammonium nitrate in water forms a basic buffer. [½]
NH 4 OH + H2O NH+4 + OH–

NH 4 NO3 + H2 O  NH+4 + NO3–
Common
[½]
ion
Due to common ion NH+4 the equilibrium shifts backwards and ionisation of NH4OH is suppressed and
solution will have less of OH– and excess NH4 when few drops of HCl is added, the OH– (in solution)
combines with H3O+ to form weakly ionized molecules H2O. On the other hand, when few drops of base
is added, the NH4 (in solution) will combine to form weakly ionised base NH4OH. [1]
Ans 21. (i) Be has higher first ionisation enthalpy than B because Be has stable fully filled s-subshell,
i.e. 1s22s2 on the other hand B has only 1 electron in 2p orbital which can be easily removed. [1]
(ii) The first ionisation energy of Oxygen is lower than N because in oxygen (1s22s22p4) after losing one
e–, it has stable half filled 2p subshell. [1]
(78)
Ionisation energy of O is lower than F because on moving from left to right effective nuclear charge
increases thereby increasing the ionisation energy. [1]
52.9 n2
Ans 22. rn = pm = 52.9 n2 × 10–3 nm [1]
2
2
= 52.9 × 10–3 n1 = 1.3225
1.3225
n12  = 25
52.9  10 3
n1 = 5 [½]
211.6
n22  =4
52.9
or n2 = 2 [½]
1 ⎡1 1⎤
 109677 ⎢ 2  2 ⎥
 ⎣4 5 ⎦
⎡ 25  16 ⎤
= 109677 ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 25  16 ⎦
1 109677  9 400
 or   cm = 405 m
 400 109677  9
It belongs to Brackett series and is found in infrared region. [1]
8 6 0
Ans 23. (i) Xe O6 4  2F  6H  Xe O3  F2  3H2O [½ × 2=1]
Xe O6 4 is a stronger oxidising agent than F2 [1]
6 6
(ii) Cr2 O72  H21O2 2Cr O42  2H [2]
No, the oxidation states of the elements is same.

So, the reaction can’t be considered as redox reaction.
Ans 24. (i) H = –3267 kJ/mol
T = 298 K
P = 1 atm
 Hf CO 2  393.5 kJ / mol
 Hf H2O(l)  285.83 kJ / mol

 Hf (C 2H6 )(l)  x kJ / mol
As per the reaction
15
C6H6  O2  6CO2  3H2O [1]
2
Hreac  3267  6( 393.5)  3(285.83) – x [1]

–3267 = –2361 + 875.49 – x
x = –2361 + 857.49 + 3267
x = 1763.49 kJ/mol [1]
(79)
(ii) H = U + ngRT
H = –17900 cal
ng = –1
U = ?
R = 1.98 × 10–3 kcal K–1mol–1
= 1.98 kcal K–1mol–1
T = 298 K
U = H – ngRT [1]
= –17900 – (–1) 1.98 × 298
= –17900 + 590.04
= – 17309.96 cal = –17.3 kcal. [1]
Ans 25. Similarities between VBT and MOT: [½ × 4 = 2]
(i) They account for the directional nature of the bond.
(ii) Bond results by the overlapping of two orbitals of minimum energy.
(iii) Electronic charge persists in between two atomic nuclei in bond formation.
(iv) Atomic orbitals of same energy, and same symmetry overlap to produce strong bonds.
Dis-similarities between VBT and MOT: (Any four) [½ × 4 = 2]
VBT MOT
1. Interatomic orbital is produced by 1. Molecular orbitals are formed by of all atomic orbitals
multiplying, exchanging and combinations from the valency shell of two atoms.
of space wave functions of two electrons.
2. Orbitals of bonded atoms cannot lose 2. Orbitals of bonded atoms lose their individual identity.
their identity.
3. Atomic orbitals monocentric. 3. Molecular orbitals are polycentric
4. It explains that inert gases have orbital 4. Molecular orbitals theory explain the non-existence of
already spin paired, so they have no molecules of inert gases, since number of bonding and
tendency to form any linkage. antibonding electrons are equal.
5. Pauli’s exclusion principle decides the spin 5. It explains how electrons are originally present in ato-
function combination with wave function mic orbitals and are distributed in new molecular orbitals.
6. VBT introduces a special form to explain 6. MOT is not capable or predicting ionic character in a
the presence of ionic character in bond. bond.
According to MOT, He2 doesnot exist as its Bond order is zero. [1]
Ans 26. Electronic configuration = 2, 8, 3 [½]
Or 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1 [½]
(a) 5 [½]
(b) 7 [½]
(c) 4 [½]
(d) 1 [½]
(ii) This is because fully orbitals are more stable than partially filled orbitals due to greater symmetric
energy. [1]
(iii) Radial nodes (n – l – 1)
(5 – 3 – 1) = 1 [1]

(80)

Aakash Model Test Papers Solutions XI Chemistry

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Chemistry (Class XI) Solutions of Model Test Paper-1

Ans 3. Na: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 = [Ne]3s1

So, the electron with highest energy resides in 3s1

(ii) Volume  Number of moles (At STP) [1]

Volume occupied by 1 g of CH4 will greater.

(ii) Electronic configuration of (Zr) = [Kr]4d25s2 [½]

Electronic configuration of (Cu) = [Ar]3d104s1 [½]

Ans 10. Electron behaves as stationary wave in orbit.

For stationary wave.

2r = n ; where n can be 1, 2, 3...

Ans 11. Al(OH)3 Al3+ + 3OH–

Ksp = 2.7 × 10–11

Ksp = S × (3S)3 [1]

2.7 × 10–11 = 27S4

10–3mol/L = S or 1mol Al(OH)3  78g

7.8  10 2 g/L [1]

Ans 12. Mn3+  Mn2+ + MnO2 + H+ [½]

Ion electron method

Mn3+ + e–  Mn2+ [Reduction half reaction] [½]

Mn3+  MnO2 + e– [Oxidation half reaction] [½]

Mn3+ + 2H2O  MnO2 + e– [½]

Mn3+ + 2H2O  MnO2 + e– + 4H+ [½]

2Mn3+ + 2H2O  MnO2 + Mn2+ + 4H+ [½]

Initial moles 0.05 0 [½]

 Total moles of gas (n) after dissociation = 0.035 + 0.03 [½]

R = 0.0821 L atm K–1 mol

0.065  0.0821 1800

= 1.92 atm [½]

Ans 14. G = H – TS [½]

 G = U + ngRT – TS [½]

G° = – 10500 + (–1 × 8.314 × 298) – 298 × (–44.1)

= –10500 – 2477.58 + 13141.8

Reaction will be non-spontaneous as G is positive. [½]

Ans 15. E = 3.15 × 10–18 J

6.626  1034  3  108

= 3.3 × 10–19 J [½]

Ans 16. A Z–1

(i) C is an Alkali metal and A is a Halogen. [½ + ½]

Ans 18. PCl5 PCl3 + Cl2

At equilibrium 3–x x x [½]

–1.8 ± (1.8)2  4( 5.4)

 [PCl5] = 3 – 1.59 = 1.41 M [½]

[Cl2] = [PCl3] = 1.59 M [½]

G° = –2.303 RT log K

G° = H° – TS°

or H° – TS° = –2.303 RT log K ...(i) [1]

S° = –70.8 JK–mol–

Hr  Hf NO2  Hf NO

= 33.8 – 90.4 = –56.6 kJ/mol = –56600 J/mole [1]

21098.4 – 56600 = –5705.8 log K

or 35501.6 = 5705.8 log K

or K = 1.66 × 106 [1]

= 4.09 × 10–19 J [½]

hc 6.626 × 10-34  3  108

6.626 × 10 -34  3  108

= 4.86 × 10–7 m [½]

(ii) Molarity is expressed in mol/L or Molality is expressed in mol/kg or m. [1]

U = 0 [for isothermal] [½]

H = 0 [for isothermal and ideal gas] [½]

(ii) For Reversible Process

U = 0 [For isothermal process]

H = 0 [for isothermal process and ideal gas]

= –2.303 × 5 × 8.314 × 2 × 0.3010 × 293 [log2 = 0.3010]

= –16886.4 J = – 16.8 kJ [½]

It is paramagnetic as it has two unpaired electrons in 2px and 2py