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Zoo507

Assignment solution

Name: Muhammad shoaib iqbal

VU-ID: mc180402638

QNO1: What are different levels of organization of ecology?

Ans: Ecology is the relationship of an organism to the environment. There are different levels of
ecology. Relationship of an organism and environment takes place in each level. These levels are
given blow:

1. Individual:
Different organ and organ system are organized together to form an individual.
For example stomach, intestine and esophage are combined together to form the
digestive system of man. These digestive systems are combined together to form
individual or organism. Digestive system, Respiratory system, Circulatory system
and Nervous system are present in human beings. In individual all function are
well coordinated. For example we are taking exercise our heart beat and breath
rate are increased and our muscles are work .These are coordinated with each
other and perform a function of exercise. This coordination is performing through
nervous and endocrine system.

2. Population:
Population is a group of living organism of the same species located in the same
place at the same time. For example human population in Pakistan in 2010
consists of 173.5 million individual. A species is defined as a group of organism
capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.
3. Community:
All population within an ecosystem is known as community. A forest may be
considered as community. It consists of different plant microorganism fungi and
animal species. The population in community is interconnected with each other.
Some communities are complex for example forest community, pond
community. Other communities are simple for example a fallen log with various
populations under it. In simple community population and size of community is
limited. The interaction is predation, competition, parasitism, commensalism,
mutualism and grazing
4. Ecosystem:
The self sufficient unit of an environment that is formed as a result of interaction
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between its biotic community and biotic components known as an ecosystem. A pond,
lake and forest are example of natural ecosystem. Ecosystem may also be artificial
for example an aquarium. The ecosystem is a major unit of ecology. The word eco
related to the environment and the system means a collection of related parts
functionaning as a unit. The ecosystem consists of two components. Biotic
component and a biotic component. Biotic component consist of animal, plant,
fungi and microorganism etc.A biotic component are atmosphere, climate, soil and
water.

5. Biosphere:
The part of the earth inhabited by organism communities known as biosphere. It
constitutes all ecosystems and is also called the zone of life on earth. The
biosphere makes a thin layer surrounding the planet earth. If you consider the
earth as the size of an apple then the biosphere will be as thick as the apple skin.

QNO2: What is the importance of ecology?

Ans: Ecology are very necessary for both human and non humans and living and non living
things. It seeks to understand the vital connection between plants and animals and world around
them. The study of ecology is very necessary to ensure. Here we discuss some reasons why
ecology is necessary for man

i. It provide important nutrient for the plants.

ii. It also secures the plant to keep them in place.
iii. It includes production of food and medicine.
iv. Regulation of atmosphere and disease.
v. These services are the part of ecology because they are very necessary.
vi. The mapping, requirement and evaluation of ecology services are necessary but not
sufficient steps in achieving the ecology.
vii. The balance is very important because it ensure survival existence and stability of the
environment.
viii. They clean the air and water that we are dependent on, provide important natural
resources.
ix. They provide beauty in our lives.
x. Competition and predation are environmental relationship but are not symbiotic
xi. Environment plays an important role in the healthy living of human binges.
xii. Nutrient, organism, water, air and any of the other part of the ecology can move in
and out of the ecology.
Ecology allow to understand the effect our action have own our environment. It shows us
where our efforts would have the biggest effort. Energy conservation and ecology is
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connected in that, it aids in understanding the load different energy sources have on the
environment. It makes people aware of their environment and supports the agreement of a
lifestyle that protects the ecosystem of life owing to the understanding they have about it.
Man is himself an organism within an environment. Like other animal’s man is limited by
the Physical features of his environment, he is entirely dependent upon other species for
his food, Clothing, medicine, and other similar aspects and he have to adjust to other
individuals of his own species. Further, rapid growth of urbanization and fast rate of
reproduction of human population have resulted in critical warning of shortage of wild
life, food, open space, and of survival.
Great number of disease is spread by vector. The study of ecology how to manage the
pest and disease. For example malaria is a very dangerous disease which is spread by the
female anopheles parasite. We control this disease we must understand how insect
interact with its environment. By understanding the life cycle and method of propagation
of different organism in a ecosystem it has created notable to trick control measure.