PARAGRAPHS

Ms. Andrea Rosales April, 2018

WHAT IS A PARAGRAPH?

 A paragraph is a distinct section of a piece of

writing, usually dealing with a single theme and
indicated by a new line, indentation, or
numbering, and that is made up of one or more
sentences.
TYPES OF PARAGRAPHS

Cause and
Listing Time order
effect
paragraph paragraph
paragraph

Comparison
Analogy
and contrast
paragraph
paragraph
A) LISTING PARAGRAPH

 A listing paragraph contains different ideas that

all connect to ONE MAIN IDEA.
 It’s perhaps easiest to think of this as the
“firstly”, “secondly”, “thirdly” paragraph.
 A key to making them work is to make sure that
the different ideas connect to one central idea.
 LISTING PARAGRAPH

 In the listing pattern, the writer states the main

idea in form of generalization and gives a list of
details or examples to support that general
statement.
 COMMON KEY WORDS TRANSITIONAL WORDS

 Many  For example

 Several  For instance
 A number of…  First, second…
 A variety of…  Also
 A few  Besides
 Kinds of…  In addition
 Final
 Last
 Most important
B) TIME-ORDER PARAGRAPH

 It’s a paragraph in which the ideas are placed

in order by time. In this pattern, the details are
presented in the order in which they happened.
 This pattern may also be called sequence of
events.
 The writer will begin to notice how one idea is
connected to or depends on another in time.
 TIME-ORDER PARAGRAPH

 Paragraphs that describe a process, give

directions or detail a procedure are often
arraged in chronological order. The first step in
the process or procedure is gicen first in the
paragraphs, an so on.
COMMON KEY WORDS

- FIRST
-FIRST OF ALL
- SECOND, THIRD…
- NEXT
-AFTER
- THEN
- FINALLY
- IN THE MORNING…
- AT NIGHT…
C) CAUSE AND EFFECT PARAGRAPH

 When an event or action

is used by another one,
the cause and effect  This paragraph describes
pattern is used. how two or more events
 The primary are related or connected.
characteristic of this
type is an explanation
by telling why or how
something happened.
 CAUSE AND EFFECT PARAGRAPH

 A tornado, for example,

may have multiple
effects; cars turned
over, homes destroyed,
flooding.
 This paragraph can
present several events
together that result in a
single effect.
COMMON KEY WORDS

 Causes
 Leads to

 Creates

 Provokes

 Gives rise to

 Contributes to…

 Is due to…
D) COMPARISON AND CONTRAST PARAGRAPH

 The comparison and contrast pattern is used

when the similarities or differences of two or
more actions, ideas,or events are being
dicussed.
 You can expect to find this pattern in the social
science textbooks where goverments, social
groups, behaviors, and cultures are studied.
 Many literary essays also use this pattern.
 Signal words for Signal words for
Common key similarities differences
words:
 Similarly  However
- Similarities  Also  But
- Differences
 In the same  On the other
- Both way hand
- In common
 As  Although
- Same
 Like  While
- Compare
 In contrast
 Than
 Unlike

COMPARISON AND CONTRAST PARAGRAPH

E) ANALOGY PARAGRAPH

 Analogy
It’s a form of figurative language that allows
readers to imagine, visualize and understand.
It’s a comparison between 2 things that are
alike in some way.
 ANALOGY PARAGRAPH

 They are used to describe unpleasant

experiences, such as: “waiting in the line at the
coffee shop was like walking through the gates
of hell”

 A well construted paragraph can add dimesion

and meaning to writing.
 COMMON KEY WORDS
 More like
 So a paragraph by analogy
 Than
means that you are writing
multiple sentences that  Just like me
develop upon the ideas of  Likewise
what you are comparing.  Not only…but also
 Both…and
 In the same way
 As

ANALOGY PARAGRAPH
EXAMPLES
LISTING PARAGRAPH

 There are at least three different ways to organise a

paragraph. The first is to follow a structure where
where you make a main point, develop it with an
explanation and then illustrate it with an example.
The second is to list separate points that connect
to the main idea stated in the topic paragraph. The
third is the compare and contrast paragraph in
which you examine the relationship between two
different ideas.
TIME ORDER PARAGRAPH
CAUSE AND EFFECT PARAGRAPH
COMPARISON AND CONTRAST PARAGRAPH
ANALOGY PARAGRAPH