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Answers to 2014 Bar Questions in Criminal Law
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=.accomplis ed wit out t e use o! violence or

intimidation a'ainst persons, nor o! !orce upon
t in's.6t is a settled &urisprudence t at unlaw!ul
ta*in', or apoderamiento, is deemedcomplete !rom
t e moment t e o ender 'ains possession o! t e
t in' even i! e asno opportunity to dispose o! t e
same. (nlaw!ul ta*in', w ic is t e deprivation o!
one s personal property, is t e element w ic
produces t e !elony in itsconsummated sta'e. ere,
t ere can e no :uestion t at as o! t e time t at
Clepto too* possessiono! t e purse, s e ad
per!ormed all t e acts to consummate t e crime o!
t e!t even i! s e le!t er own purse in place o! t e
one s e too*.
==. %alifying aggra ating circ%mstance.
i.e. treac ery, evident premeditation, cruelty3ot a
:uali!yin' a''ravatin' circumstance7 dwellin'
==I.Circ%mstances *ith re$etition.
+ e &ud'e may appreciate t e
aggra ating circ%mstance of a recidi ist
.(nder t e evised -enal Code <Art. 14>, a recidivist
is one w o, at t e time o! trial !or a crime, e as
een previously convicted y nal &ud'ment o!
anot er crimeem raced in t e same title o! t e
evised -enal Code w ere t e current crime on
trialis !ound. ere, durin' t e trial !or + e!t, AA ad
een previously convicted y nal &ud'ment !or t e
crime o! o ery, ot crimes ein' em raced in t e
same title o! t e evised -enal Code. ence, t e
&ud'e can only appreciate t e
a''ravatin'circumstance o! a recidivist.
==II.;egrees of lia1ility 'rinci$als.A.
Mr. ed as no lia ility.(nder criminal law, to e a
principal y inducement, t e inducement must
et e sole consideration w ic caused t e person
induced to commit t e crime andwit out w ic t e
crime would not ave een committed. 6n
determinin' i! t e acts or utterances o! an accused
are su8cient to ma*e im 'uilty as co)principal y
inducement was o! suc a nature and made in suc
away as to ecome t e determinin' cause o! t e
crime, and t at suc inducement waso ered
precisely wit t e intention o! producin' t e result.
It is a settled $rinci$le that mere careless comment
made 1y one *hodoes not $ossess dominance or
moral ascendancy o er the o9ender *ill notma#e
him a $rinci$al 1y ind%cement.
 ere, it can e in!erred t at t e commento! Mr. ed
are careless and va'ue. ence, Mr. ed cannot e a
principal yinducement in t e *illin' y Mr. # ite
and Mr. Blue.Mr. # ite and Mr. Blue are principals
y direct participation w o materiallyeEecuted t e
crime.
10

B.
Mr. ed ad no lia ility !or t e in&uries o! Ms.
Yellow.6t is a settled principle t at mere careless
comment made y one w o doesnot possess
dominance or moral ascendancy over t e o ender
will not ma*e im aprincipal y inducement. ere, it
can e in!erred t at t e comment o! Mr. ed
arecareless and va'ue. ence, Mr. ed cannot e a
principal y inducement in t e*illin' y Mr. # ite
and Mr. Blue.Mr. # ite and Mr. Blue are principals
 y direct participation w o materiallyeEecuted t e
crime.
==III.Didna$$ing for ransom Intent to demand
ransom.
3o, t e prosecutor is not correct. 3eit er can t e
prosecutor le a case o! 'rave coercion ecause,
ere,
the crime of #idna$$ing for ransom
*ascons%mmated.
+ e essence o! t e crime o! *idnappin' is t e actual
deprivation o! t evictim s li erty, coupled wit t e
intent o! t e accused to e ect it. 6t is a settled
&urisprudence t at no speci c !orm o! ransom is
re:uired toconsummate t e !elony o! *idnappin' !or
ransom so lon' as it was intended as a ar'ainin' c ip
in eEc an'e !or t e victim s !reedom. 6n municipal
criminal law,ransom re!ers to t e money, price or
consideration paid or demanded !or redemptiono!
a captured person or persons, a payment t at
releases !rom captivity. 3eit eractual demand !or
nor actual payment o! ransom is necessary !or t e
crime to ecommitted. 6t is enou' i! t e crime was
committed "!or t e purpose o! eEtortin'ransom.%
==IV. inority.A.
Yes, minority may e appreciated.
B.
Yes, t e 6ndeterminate $entence Law is applica le
even i! considerin' t at li!eimprisonment as no
Eed duration and t e
;angero%s ;r%gs )a*
is
malum prohibitum
.
C.
3o,
Illegal 'ossession of ;angero%s ;r%gs Act (RA ,!E"
pro i its it.
Non-applicability of the Probation Law.
Any person convicted o! dru'tra8c*in' or pus in'
under t e Act, re'ardless o! t e penalty imposed y
t e court,cannot avail o! t e privile'e 'ranted y t e
-ro ation Law <-I /J, as amended>.
;.
(nder
(Section E, of RA /44"
, e s all serve t e sentence in A'riculturalCamps or
ot er +rainin' Gacilities.
==V.5stafa thro%gh %se of commercial
doc%ments.A.
+ e de!ense o! Mr. 5ray is not tena le.
11
6t is a settled rule t at even i! t ere is no direct
proo! o! !or'ery, t e le'alpresumption t at
Fthe $ossessor or %ser of a forged doc%ment is the
a%thorof the forgeryG
applies.6n a case decided y t e $upreme Court, it
was eld t at "alt ou' one o! t eessential
elements o! esta!a is dama'e or pre&udice to t e
o ended party, in t ea sence o! proo! t ereo!, t e
o ender would e 'uilty o! attempted esta!a.%Mr.
5ray commenced t e commission o! t e crime o!
esta!a ut e !ailed toper!orm all t e acts o!
eEecution w ic would produce t e crime not y
reason o! isspontaneous desistance ut ecause o!
is appre ension y t e aut orities e!ore ecould
ave o tained t e amount and t ere y causes
dama'e or pre&udice to t eo ended party.
B.
3o, Mr. 5ray is not correct.At t e time o! Mr. 5ray s
appre ension, t e an* and t e aut orities
werealready alerted o! t e complaint led y Mr.
# ite. + e a sence o! a direct proo! t atMr. 5ray
was t e aut or o! t e !alsi cation is o! no moment
!or t e rule remain t atw enever someone as in
is possession !alsi ed documents and "uttered% or
usedt e same !or is advanta'e and ene t, t e
presumption t at e aut ored it arises. + e
c annelin' o! t e c ec*s to is savin's account, is
su se:uentwit drawals o! said amount su8ciently
esta lis is involvement in t e attemptedesta!a
t rou' use o! commercial documents.
==VI. heft eating a dog.
< ustice -eralta>6! you were itten y a do' and you
*illed t e do' F
malicio%s mischief
.6! you urned t e do' and it died F
arson
.6! you urned t e do' and it did not die F
im$ossi1le crime
<t ere is no attemptedor !rustrated malicious
misc ie!>.6! you *illed and ate t e do' F
sim$le theft
. You ma*e use o! t e dama'ed property y reason
o! malicious misc ie!.
12
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