Slab On Floor

MAHLE - Timisoara
costa voc impex - oradea
Dramix Pro® Slab on Ground

Saw Cut Floor
Detailed Calculation Note and Basic Theory
Dramix® Steel Fibre Reinforced Saw Cut Floor
This calculation is only valid for DRAMIX® steel fibres.

Using fibres of any other kind is strictly prohibited and Bekaert will refuse any liability or warranty.
Project MAHLE
object Timisoara
street
location Romania
remark
Customer costa voc impex

street golfului 1
location oradea
e-mail costavocd@yahoo.com
phone 0040730333039
contact costa claudiu
internet
date 28.2.2018
This report was prepared by:
Bekaert Ges.m.b.H
Dietram Rudoba
Grüngasse 16
AT-1050 Wien
Dietram.Rudoba@bekaert.com
http://www.bekaert.com Slab on Ground 1.0.2
28.02.2018 Only for use with Dramix®-Steel fibers!

09:29 © NV Bekaert SA, Bekaertstraat 2, B-8550 Zwevegem, www.bekaert.com/building 1 / 89
MAHLE - Timisoara
Table of Content
TABLE OF CONTENT____________________________________________________________ 2
TERMS AND DEFINITIONS________________________________________________________ 3
GENERAL REMARKS____________________________________________________________ 7
FLOOR TYPE: SAW CUT FLOOR___________________________________________________ 8
INPUT DATA______________________________________________________________ 9
Floor data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 ....................
Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 ...................
Calculation Approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 ....................
Applied Material Properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 ...................
Safety Factors and Coefficients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 ....................
Outline of Reinforcement Layout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 ...................
Soil Properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ....................
Elastic Length. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 ...................
Joints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
....................
Loads and Locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 ...................
SERVICEABILITY______________________________________________________________ 21
RESISTING FORCES____________________________________________________________ 23
Sectional Moment Capacity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 ....................
Shear Capacity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 ....................
Punching Shear Capacity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 ....................
ACTING FORCES______________________________________________________________ 29
Equations for the Acting Moments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 ....................
Equations for the Acting Shear Forces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Equations for the Acting Punching Shear Forces. . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Slab centre. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 ....................
Perpendicular to primary joint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 ....................
Parallel to primary joint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 ....................
Perpendicular to secondary joint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 ...................
Parallel to secondary joint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 ...................
Perpendicular to the free edge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 ....................
Parallel to the free edge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 ....................
UDL, all load positions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 ....................
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS___________________________________________________ 85
Calculation Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 ....................
Conclusion and Proposal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 ....................
Additional Remarks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88 ...................
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88 ....................
Liability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
....................

MAHLE - Timisoara
Terms and Definitions

αcc Coefficient accounting for long term effects on the compressive strength and of unfavorable
effects resulting from the way the load is applied
αchar Coefficient accounting for the SFRC variation in a specific application
αci Factor to convert from residual flexural strength to residual tensile strength (i = s, u)
αct Coefficient accounting for long term effects on the residual strength, calibrated to the material
safety factor
αti Factor to convert from residual flexural strength to residual tensile strength (i = s, u)
β Ratio of long to short dimensions of the loaded area
β1 Factor relating depth of equivalent rectangular compressive stress block to neutral axis depth
βe, βi Coefficient accounting for the eccentricity of the support reaction with regard to the control
perimeter (e = edge, i = interior)
βcc(t) Time (t) dependent coefficient related to the compressive strength of concrete
βct(t) Time (t) dependent coefficient related to the first crack strength of concrete
βcE(t) Time (t) dependent coefficient related to the Young's modulus of concrete
βcf(t) Time (t) dependent coefficient related to the residual strength of concrete
γk Constant in the soil pressure expression: γk = p0d ∙ lel² / Ved
γci Partial factor for concrete in compression (i=c) and tension (i=t)
γf Partial factor for steel fibre concrete in tension
γs Partial factor for reinforcing steel
γM Partial factor for materials
γQ Partial factor for loads
Δ Estimated opening of a saw cut joint
εc Compressive strain in the concrete
εcu Ultimate compressive strain in the concrete
εf Tensile strain in the Dramix® steel fibre concrete
εfu Ultimate compressive strain in the Dramix® steel fibre concrete
εs Tensile strain in the reinforcing steel
εsu Ultimate tensile strain in the reinforcing steel
η Factor defining the effective strength when using a rectangular stress distribution
κchar Characteristic factor
κG Factor accounting for volume and scale effects
κO Factor accounting for orientation effects of steel fibres
λ Factor defining the effective height of the compression zone
λ Modification factor if lightweight concrete is used (here: out of scope)
λel λel = 1 / lel
ν Poisson's ratio
ρl Reinforcement ratio for longitudinal reinforcement
ξ Ratio x / dSFRC
tan α Tangent of the angle between the negative and the positive yield line at a free edge
φ Dynamic magnification factor
χ Joint type dependent load reduction factor
ϕ Strength reduction factor
θ Joint effectiveness factor

MAHLE - Timisoara

As Cross sectional area of the bending reinforcement
CBR California bearing ratio
d Effective depth of a cross-section (reinforcement)
deff Effective depth of the slab, layer thickness
dF groove depth for line load(s)
ds Diameter of a reinforcing bar
dSFRC Effective depth of a cross-section (SFRC)
E Dynamic modulus of elasticity of a subgrade layer
Ecm Secant modulus of elasticity of concrete
Es Design value of modulus of elasticity of reinforcing steel
EVi Deformation modulus (i = 1, 2)
F Force, point load, linear load or uniformly distributed load
f'c Specified compressive strength of concrete
fcfm,L1 Mean residual flexural strength of SFRC according to DAfStb at deflection 1 (SLS)
fcfm,L2 Mean residual flexural strength of SFRC according to DAfStb at deflection 2 (ULS)
fcd Design value of concrete compressive strength
fck Characteristic compressive cylinder strength of concrete at 28 days
fctd,s Design value of the residual tensile strength of SFRC at small strains
fctd,u Design value of the residual tensile strength of SFRC at ultimate strain
fctd,ε Design value of the residual tensile strength of SFRC at a given strain
fctk,fl Characteristic value of flexural tensile strength of concrete
fctm,fl Mean value of flexural tensile strength of concrete
feq,150 Equivalent flexural strength according to JSCE for the deflection l/150
feq,450 Equivalent flexural strength according to JSCE for the deflection l/450
fns Nominal axial tensile strength corresponding to the strain of 0.3‰
fnu Nominal axial tensile strength corresponding to the strain limit of 25‰
fR,ik Characteristic residual flexural strength of SFRC according to EN 14651 at CMODᵢ
fR,im Mean residual flexural strength of SFRC according to EN 14651 at CMODᵢ (i = 1, 2, 3, 4)
fs Stress in tensile mild reinforcement
Fs Size factor
ft Axial tensile strength of concrete
fyd Design yield strength of reinforcement
fyk Characteristic yield strength of reinforcement
h Overall depth of a cross section
k Modulus of subgrade reaction
KC Coefficient accounting for the SFRC variation in a specific application
KO Factor accounting for orientation effects of steel fibres
KS Factor accounting for volume and scale effects
L Maximum panel length or maximum joint distance
l Minimum panel length or minimum joint distance transverse to L
lel Elastic length (defined elsewhere)
mEd Design value of the applied internal bending moment (bottom)

MAHLE - Timisoara

m'Ed Design value of the applied internal bending moment (top)
mRd Design value of the resisting bending moment (bottom)
m'Rd Design value of the resisting bending moment (top)
Mu Factored positive moment per unit slab width, tension at bottom slab surface
M'u Factored negative moment per unit slab width, tension at top slab surface
Mn Nominal positive flexural strength per unit slab width, tension at bottom slab surface
M'n Nominal negative flexural strength per unit slab width, tension at top slab surface
pEd Design value of the applied soil pressure (under the applied load)
p'Ed Design value of the applied soil pressure (under the negative yield line)
pod Peak soil pressure under a concentrated design load (assumed soil pressure distribution)
pRd Design value of the resisting soil pressure
pw Slab projection
r0 Radius of circular yield line in top surface
pm Average soil pressure under punching cone
rc Contact radius of a point load or group of point loads
Re,i Ratio fi / fctm,fl or fi / fr respectively (i = R,1m, R,2m, R,3m, R,4m, eq,150, eq,450)
rw Contact radius of a wheel load or group of wheel loads
Sds n/a
sx,inner Distance between centres of gravity of load halves with twin loading or distributed double-
symmetrical loading area with arbitrary form or between the outer loads of 3 or more points in line
sx,edge || distance from centre of gravity of the load halves to the axis of symmetry at right-angles to the free
edge respectively for half the loading area with arbitrarily distributed edge loading
sx,edge ├ distance from the centre of gravity of the quarter area to the long axis of symmetry
sy,inner distance from the centre of gravity of the quarter area to the long axis of symmetry with arbitrary,
double.-symmetrical loading area
sy,edge || distance from centre of gravity to the free edge
sy,edge ├ distance from centre of gravity to the free edge
SFRC Steel fibre reinforced concrete
u0 Control perimeter at the column face
u1 Basic control perimeter
VEd Design value of the acting shear or punching shear force
VEd,red Design value of the acting shear force, reduced by the counteracting soil pressure
vmin Minimum (punching) shear resistance
vRd,c Design value for the (punching) shear capacity
vRd,c,0 Design value for the (punching) shear capacity
vRd,f,0 Design value for the (punching) shear capacity (fibres, concrete age dependent)
vRd,f,0(κG) Design value for the (punching) shear capacity (fibres, concrete age dependent, incl. κG)
x Base plate dimension in global x-direction, depth of the compression zone
x' Distance in global x-direction between free edge, joint or corner and the outer edge of the first
base plate, perpendicular to the free edge, joint or corner
xe Distance between the applied line load and the occurring negative yield line in case of an edge
line load

MAHLE - Timisoara

xi Distance between the occurring negative and positive yield line in case of an interior line load
y Base plate dimension in global y-direction
y' Distance in global y-direction between free edge, joint or corner and the outer edge of the first
base plate, parallel to the free edge, joint or corner
c Index: concrete
f Index: steel fibre reinforced concrete
f+r Index: combined reinforced concrete (steel fibres + mild steel)
t Index: Age of concrete (standard: t = 28 days)
|| Symbol: load is parallel to a free edge or joint

├ Symbol: load is perpendicular to a free edge or joint
──── primary joint (dowelled profile)
─── secondary joint (saw cut joint)
──── free edge
NOTE: depending on the chosen design approach, some terms and definitions may not be applicable.

MAHLE - Timisoara
General Remarks
Steel fibre reinforced industrial floors on ground have become a state of the art construction
method in all industries around the world.
Relevant design methods assume specific models for the interaction between slab and sub-base.
The calculation of SFRC slab-on-ground is usually based on yield line theory. This method has
proven to be very suitable for modelling the system behaviour of these slabs. Unlike linear-elastic
design methods, the yield line method is capable of modelling the increase of the load bearing
capacity which is provided by the steel fibres, similarly as it is observed in large scale tests or
non-linear simulations. All potential yield line configurations have to be investigated.
The figure shows results from laboratory testing

Fu
of full-scale SFRC slabs on ground, illustrating
F*cr γM , ϕ the fundamental behaviour [1]:
The slab behaves linear-elastically up to the
first cracking load Fcr. While the elastic limit Fcr
Fcr γQ is exceeded, the load bearing capacity
Fk increases but the system remains stiff even
though the slab modulus softens slightly. This is
illustrated in the Figure by the slightly
decreased slope of the line between points Fcr
and F*cr and the deformation increase from δcr
δcr δ∗cr δu
to δ*cr.
Figure: System behaviour of a slab on ground
As the load is increased beyond F*cr, the slab modulus softens again. More redistribution of
stresses and energy absorption occurs until the ultimate strength Fu of the slab system is
reached. These stages are equivalent to crack initiation, development of the yield lines at top and
bottom, and reaching the limit of the redistribution capacity.
Due to applying concerted safety factors on both materials (γM or ϕ respectively) and loads (γQ),
the slab with the load Fk will remain around Fcr under service conditions. It is equivalent to an
uncracked slab or a slab with only very fine cracks, which are typically located at the slab bottom.
Thus the slab remains fully serviceable, as indicated by the blue area in the figure.
Steel fibres can be used as the sole form of reinforcement or in combination with reinforcement
bars or welded mesh.
The effect of steel fibres is taken into account on the basis of established guidelines,
recommendations and standards. Depending on the country in which the project is located and/or
depending on stipulation, specific rules may have to be applied.

MAHLE - Timisoara
Floor Type: Saw Cut Floor
Saw cut floors, in the context of this calculation note, are Dramix® steel fibre reinforced industrial
floor slabs which are poured on top of a sub-base, with or without an intermediate insulation
layer. Saw cut joints are introduced at regular intervals between day or expansion joints.
Figure: Outline of a saw cut floor (blue) and examples of its substructure (orange: insulation, dark brown: subbase, light
brown: subgrade) - required membranes are not indicated
Saw cut floors are subject to loads from materials stored directly on the slab, storage rack loads,
static loads associated with equipments and dynamic loads associated with vehicles.
Saw cut floors are not an integral part of a building but are completely separated from it. They
shall neither be utilized as a foundation element of a building nor for transferring in-plane forces,
e.g. from tie beams.
This calculation note does not replace the need of proper detailing, suitable concrete
composition, good compaction and appropriate curing. Efforts from all parties involved in the
construction are necessary to meet the expectations.
Detailing and execution has to be done according to the state of the art and the relevant
standards. Execution details for flooring are available through Bekaert and must be complied with
[16], [17].
Although not complete, these construction techniques need to be highlighted and followed:
- To avoid bond with the structural concrete, the insulation material or the sub-base, a membrane
has to be placed wrinkle-free underneath the floor. The membrane has to be selected based on
its properties (specific membranes may be required depending on the function of the saw cut
floor).
- To avoid or control stresses from restrained deformations, the surface on which the saw cut
floor is poured has to be even, with no indents or embossments. The saw cut floor shall be
disconnected from all other elements and structures by means of sufficiently dimensioned
isolation joints. Saw cuts are introduced at regular intervals to eliminate stresses from restrained
deformations.
- To avoid crack propagation, additional reinforcement has to be placed locally around
irregularities such as re-entrant corners, perforations, etc.

MAHLE - Timisoara
GENERAL
INPUT DATA

MAHLE - Timisoara
Floor data
Description
slab type Saw Cut Floor
slab exposure indoors
ambient conditions tempered
separation layer 1 layer PE-foil (membrane)
Geometry
slab thickness h 200 mm (minimum thickness for execution)
maximum joint distance L 5,0 m
panel size ratio L/l 1,0 ≤ L/l ≤ 1,5 (l = minimum joint distance transverse to L)
Joints
primary joint dowelled profile
secondary joint saw cut joint
Materials
Concrete
concrete class C25/30
concrete age at loading 56 days
Dramix® Steel Fibre Concrete

Dramix® type 3D 80/60BG (EN 14889-1, system "1", structural use)
dosage 15 kg/m³ (recommended dosage for performance testing)
beam testing according to EN 14651

Please consult Bekaert's instructions for mixing, handling and dosing of Dramix® steel fibres [17].
Reinforcement
layout top + bottom, crosswise
steel ductility recommended class according EN 1992-1-1: B or C
at top
location gateways
bar diameter 6 mm
bar spacing 150 mm
concrete cover 35 mm
at bottom
location gateways
bar diameter 6 mm
bar spacing 150 mm
concrete cover 40 mm
Calculation Approach
based on Bekaert SoG (user defined safety factors are applied)

MAHLE - Timisoara
Applied Material Properties

Concrete (28 days)
Ecm 32 GN/m²
fck 25 N/mm²
fctm,fl 4,33 N/mm²
fctk,fl 3,46 N/mm²
εcu 3,5 ‰
ν 0,15
Dramix® Steel Fibre Concrete (28 days)

fR,1m 2,21 N/mm² (EN 14651)
fR,3m 2,24 N/mm² (EN 14651)
εfu 25,0 ‰
Reinforcement
Es 200 GN/m²
fyk 500 N/mm² (high bond bars)
εsu 25,0 ‰
Coefficients for time dependent properties

t 56 days
βcc(t) 1,06
βct(t) 1,04
βcE(t) 1,02
βcf(t) 1,04
⁄
·

28: 1.0
28: 2⁄3
.

!
The parameter "s" is chosen conservatively from 0,20 / 0,25 / 0,38.

MAHLE - Timisoara
Safety Factors and Coefficients

Point loads
γQ 1,35
Wheel loads
γQ 1,35
φ 1,80
Uniformly Distributed Loads

γQ 1,35
Line Loads
γQ 1,35
Concrete
αcc 0,85
γcc 1,50
γct 1,50

αfct 1,00
γf 1,25
Reinforcement
γs 1,15
NOTE: user defined safety factors are applied

MAHLE - Timisoara
Outline of Reinforcement Layout

Cross Section
As cnom
2∙ds
As
As
2∙ds
As cnom
Plan View - Top Reinforcement
b b
location: gateways
layout: crosswise
a 1,50 m
b 1,50 m
Plan View - Bottom Reinforcement
b b
location: gateways
layout: crosswise
a 1,50 m
b 1,50 m
c n/a m
Dramix® Steel Fibre Concrete additional bar / mesh reinforcement

line load

MAHLE - Timisoara
Soil Properties (k-value determined on subgrade)
Both subgrade and sub-base shall be well drained and provide adequate and uniform support for
the slab. The in-situ properties shall be at least the minimum of what is defined in this calculation
and, if applicable, shall be sufficient to support all occurring construction traffic.
Subgrade and sub-base tolerances have to be chosen so that the slab thickness used in this
calculation can be established everywhere. If rutting or pumping occurs or if any other negative
effect on either the stability or the flatness of the sub-base is observed, immediate repair has to
be undertaken.
If in-situ soil properties do not comply with what is defined in this calculation, a new calculation
based on the actual soil properties is required. In that case, slab thickness and/or the required
(fibre) reinforcement may increase.
For all required plate tests, a plate diameter of at least 750 mm shall be used.
The modulus of subgrade reaction k given under "sub-base + subgrade" refers to the combined
reaction of both sub-base and sub-grade.
h = 200 mm
k separation layer
k = 0,1 N/mm³
The k-value of the soil stated above is assumed as the

applicable soil property for the combined layers of sub-base
and subgrade.
layer: sub-base and subsoil properties:

Dramix® slab h 200 mm
- - - - - - separation layer 1 layer PE-foil
insulation layer no insulation layer present
sub-base + subgrade k 0,1 N/mm³
If an insulation material shall be applied underneath the slab, it has to be considered explicitly in
this calculation. The insulation material selected for this project must satisfy its specific purpose
and also meet or exceed the material properties specified in this calculation.

MAHLE - Timisoara
Soil Properties (k-value determined on subgrade)
Insulation layout: Insulation properties:

no insulation layer present h n/a mm (thickness)
k n/a N/mm³ (long term k-value)
w n/a mm (width of insulation)
Resulting k-values for the calculation of the elastic length:
slab areas without an insulation layer: everywhere
" "#$%&'()
k 0,1 N/mm³
slab areas with an insulation layer: none present
" *+, "-.#/'-0. , "#$%&'()
kinsulation n/a N/mm³
ksubgrade n/a N/mm³
k n/a N/mm³

MAHLE - Timisoara
" 3·"
Elastic Length
8 8
9
8 3 · 4
4 · 3 · ; 3 · 4
2)/
12 · 1 5 6 7 · " <=>? @A',$ =>? ·@ · B+, 9)/ · C
Ec 31500 N/mm² at 56 days

h 200 mm
ν 0,15
Slab areas without an insulation layer: everywhere
k 0,1 N/mm³
lel 681 mm
Slab areas with an insulation layer: none present
k n/a N/mm³
lel n/a mm
Soil Pressure
The maximum soil pressure is limited in dependency of k.
DE( FG · " H DE(,/-I
Slab areas without an insulation layer: everywhere
k 0,1 N/mm³
δp 5 mm
pRd,lim 250 kN/m²
pRd 250 kN/m²
Slab areas with an insulation layer: none present
k n/a N/mm³
δp n/a mm
pRd,lim n/a kN/m²
pRd n/a kN/m²

MAHLE - Timisoara
Joints
primary joint
Dowelled joints or - preferably - dowelled joint profiles function as day joints which cater for
breaks in the pouring and the construction process. The panels which are initially formed by
these joints are later cut into smaller panels by introducing saw cut joints.
Primary joints need to provide load transfer capability.
joint type dowelled profile

θ 80%
χ 0,60 J 1 5 K ⁄2
The joint and dowel design is not covered by this calculation.
secondary joint
Saw cut joints are an essential construction element for this floor type. Their main purpose is to
relieve tensile stresses induced by drying shrinkage or temperature fluctuations.
Sawn joints open slightly as a consequence of accumulating the temperature and shrinkage
movements. The degree of joint opening mainly depends on the joint spacing, the final concrete
shrinkage and temperature difference. The joint opening affects the joint efficiency and thus the
load transfer factor [04].
Figure: relationship between joint opening and joint efficiency [04]

MAHLE - Timisoara
Joints
secondary joint
joint type saw cut joint

L 5,0 m (maximum joint distance L)
panel size ratio L/l 1,0 ≤ L/l ≤ 1,5 (l = minimum joint distance transverse to L)
Δ 2,3 mm (approximate joint opening Δ: T = 20 °C, ε = 0,25 ‰)
θ 50% (lim θ = 67 %
χ 0,75 joint J 15KM2
J 1 5 K⁄ 2
L
χ 0,65 corner
joint maintenance
The required joint maintenance mainly depends on the type of joint, the number of vehicles
crossing the joint and the contact pressure of their wheels.
The right joint can have a positive impact on the serviceability of the floor and a reduction of the
maintenance cost. Professional advice by a joint specialist is recommended.
joint arrangement
All joints need to be planned and to be aligned with assumptions made in this calculation. The
figure below shows an indicative example of how a potential joint arrangement could look. It
should be used as a guideline for a jobsite specific detailing plan.
Figure: indicative example of a possible joint arrangement

Dramix® Slab on Ground
──── primary joint
─── secondary joint
──── free edge
──── isolation joint at column

MAHLE - Timisoara
Loads and Locations

Point loads Wheel loads Units
■■ ●● ●● - ●●
■ ■■ ■■■ ■■■■ ●-● ●● - ●●
■■ ●● ●● - ●●
loads - - - 2x / 2x - 2x - - -
■/● F, F₁ - - - 70,0 - 20,0 - - - kN
■/● F₂ - - - 70,0 - - - - - kN
geometry
a - - - 1000 - 1200 - - - mm
b - - - 300 - - - - - mm
c - - - 1000 - - - - - mm
base plate / wheel pressure
x - - - 180 - mm
y - - - 150 - mm
p 4,00 - - - N/mm²
considered locations
slab centre
- - - X - X - - -
├ to primary joint (dowelled profile)
- - - X - X - - -
|| to primary joint (dowelled profile)
- - - X - X - - -
├ to secondary joint (saw cut joint)
- - - X - X - - -
|| to secondary joint (saw cut joint)
- - - X - X - - -
corner of secondary joint (saw cut joint)
- - - - - - - - -
├ to free edge
- - - - - X - - -
|| to free edge
- - - - - X - - -
corner of free edge
- - - - - - - - -
distances from joints, edges and corners
primary joint (dowelled profile)
x' -├ - - - 0 - 0 - - - mm
y' - || - - - 0 - 0 - - - mm
secondary joint (saw cut joint)
x' -├ - - - 0 - 0 - - - mm
y' - || - - - 0 - 0 - - - mm
corner of secondary joint (saw cut joint)
x' -├ - - - - - - - - - mm
y' - || - - - - - - - - - mm
free edge
x' -├ - - - - - 500 - - - mm
y' - || - - - - - 0 - - - mm
corner of free edge
x' -├ - - - - - - - - - mm
y' - || - - - - - - - - - mm

MAHLE - Timisoara
Loads and Locations

Uniformly distributed loads (UDL) Units
layout
one single block
loads
F 30,0 kN/m²
geometry
a 5000 (width of load) mm
b 0 (width of aisle) mm
Line loads Units

loads n/a
F n/a kN/m
geometry
bw - (width of load) mm
a - (distance between two line loads) mm
dF - (groove depth for line load(s)) mm
considered locations
slab centre
-
|| to primary joint (dowelled profile)
-
|| to secondary joint (saw cut joint)
-
|| to free edge
-
distances from joints and edges
pw,1st - (slab projection parallel to primary joint) mm
pw,2nd - (slab projection parallel to secondary joint) mm
pw,edge - (slab projection parallel to free edge) mm

MAHLE - Timisoara
GENERAL
SERVICEABILITY

MAHLE - Timisoara
Serviceability
The serviceability of a slab on ground in the context of this calculation note is mainly associated
with its suitability for the intended use. It is influenced by surface irregularities over short
distances (flatness) and long distances (levelness); the presence, nature, and width of cracks and
the proper choice and functionality of joints. These are mostly controlled through subgrade
preparation, detailing, and execution.
Flatness and levelness requirements are met by a proper execution method, hiring a qualified
flooring contractor, and aligning the subgrade characteristics with the expected loads.
Professional advice from a soil specialist is also recommended. In case of specific requirements
related to settlements or vibrations, advice from a soil specialist is even strongly recommended.
This calculation note is based on the above conditions.
The combined effect of load-induced stresses and stresses from imposed deformations can
cause cracking. A conventional assessment of these effects, although possible, results in a very
conservative design without significantly reducing the risk of cracking. Therefore, it is common
practice and state-of-the-art to cover the load-induced stresses in the ultimate limit state
calculation and to eliminate the stresses from imposed deformations by constructional means.
The latter is achieved by paying particular attention to the concrete mix design, minimising
restrained deformations, proper placing, compacting, finishing, and applying curing procedures
which are aligned with the environmental conditions. Restrained deformations are minimised by
introducing joints at regular intervals, utilising slip membranes, carefully preparing the sub-base
and separating the slab from walls, columns or other fixed elements [7], [15].
In specific locations, peak stresses are unavoidable, and cracks are more likely to occur. In these
zones (e.g. around columns, re-entrant corners, perforations), additional reinforcement has to be
foreseen [16].
Nevertheless, cracks cannot always be avoided with absolute certainty. If such a crack impairs
the intended use of the floor, a specific maintenance effort should be considered (e.g. crack
repair).

MAHLE - Timisoara
GENERAL
RESISTING FORCES

MAHLE - Timisoara
Sectional Moment Capacity

plain concrete section
\
*E( *E(
P
· Sa,!/ ⁄_ · c
fibre reinforced or combined reinforced concrete section

*E( , *E(
P
Q · 47 5 C 7 · R · S(,T
QU · 47 Q 4 · C 5 2 · C 7 · R · S(, 5 S(,T
QV · W( · X
5 · R · 9 · C 7 · Y · S(
S(,T

S(, Q S(,# 5 S(, · Z! ⁄Z!#
!
S(, ! · [\'& · [] · [^ · · · SE,
I `_!

!
S(,#

! · [\'& · [] · [^ · # · · SE, I `_!
S( · · Sa ⁄_

3I · 3I
Sb( Sba ⁄_

W Z · 3 H Sb(
Ec(t) = 32 GN/m²
fcd = 15,0 N/mm²
fctd,s = 0,74 N/mm²
fctd,u = 0,65 N/mm²
fyd = 435 N/mm²
αcc = 0,85
αfct = 1,00
αts = 0,40
αtu = 0,35
η = 1,00
κchar = 1,00
κG = 1,00
κO = 1,00
λ = 0,80

MAHLE - Timisoara
Sectional Moment Capacity

constitutive model
η∙fcd
εc ≤ εcu
fctd,s
εs ≤ εsu
fctd,ε ≤ fctd,u εf ≤ εfu
internal forces and lever arms
x λ∙x
η ∙ x ∙ fcd
df
h
h-x d
Ff
as
Fs
calculated moment capacity: t = 56 days
concrete SFRC combined reinforced

top bottom top bottom top bottom
As - - n/a n/a 188 188 mm²/m
d - - - - 159 154 mm
df - - 107 107 111 111 mm
x - - 11 11 17 17 mm
ξ - - 0,05 0,05 0,09 0,09
εc - - 1,4 1,4 2,4 2,4 ‰
εf - - 25,0 25,0 25,0 25,0 ‰
εs - - 0,0 0,0 19,4 18,7 ‰
fctd,ε(t) - - 0,65 0,65 0,65 0,65
m'Rd(t) m'Rd,c 16,00 m'Rd,f 13,05 m'Rd,f+r 25,15 kNm/m
mRd(t) mRd,c 16,00 mRd,f 13,05 mRd,f+r 24,74 kNm/m

MAHLE - Timisoara
Moment Capacity of the System

limitation of the sectional moment capacity
P ⁄
fI-. H *E( *E( H fI'@ ωmin = 0,5
ωmax = 2,0
calculation of the system capacity
fibres only
slab center and edges

*E(
P
Q *E( *b,! *dC *E(,
P
Q *E(,! ; *E(,!
P
Q *E(,!
corners
*E(
P
Q *E( *E(,
P
Q *E(,!
combined reinforced
slab center and edges
reinforcement at top
*E(
P
Q *E( *dC *b,! ; *E(,!g&
P
Q *E(,!
reinforcement at bottom
*E(
P
Q *E( *dC *b,! ; *E(,!
P
Q *E(,&g&
reinforcement at top and bottom
*E(
P
Q *E( *dC *b,! ; *E(,!g&
P
Q *E(,!g&
corners
*E(
P
Q *E( *dC *E(,
P
Q *E(,! ; *E(,!g&
P
system capacity m'Rd + mRD
slab centre 29,0 kNm/m
primary joint 29,0 kNm/m
secondary joint 29,0 kNm/m
gateways 49,9 kNm/m
free edges 29,0 kNm/m
corner of secondary joint 29,0 kNm/m
free corner 29,0 kNm/m

MAHLE - Timisoara
Shear Capacity
Resisting shear forces
Concrete capacity: hE(, max lI-. , lE(, · X)!!
Fibre only capacity: hE(,! lI-. Q lE(,!,! · X)!!
Combined capacity: hE(,!g& hE(. Q lE(,!,!g& · X)!!
X)!! H 600**: 0,0525⁄γp · k ⁄7

·

· fps
L
lI-. ↕ (interpolate) (fck : [MPa])
X)!! u 800**: 0,0375⁄γp · k ⁄7

·

· fps
L
X)!! H 600**: 0,0525⁄γp · k ⁄7

· 145 ·

· fps
L
lI-. ↕ (interpolate) (fck : [psi])
X)!! u 800**: 0,0375⁄γp · k ⁄7

· 145 ·

· fps
L
X)!! 4 5 w 5 ·x y (combined reinforcement)

X)!! 4 (fibre only)
" 1 Q L 200⁄X)!! H 2,0 (deff : [mm])
7
" 1Q H 2,0
L
(deff : [in])
7},~·(>

⁄
lE(, zE(, · " · 100 · {/ ·

· Sa (fck : [MPa])

⁄
lE(, zE(, · " · 100 · {/ · 145 ·

· Sa (fck : [psi])
zE(, 0,15⁄_
!

lE(,!,!/!g& , [] lE(,!,!/!g& · [] - · [^ · [\'&

· !

· S · · []
R,3m_
!
αfct = 1,00
αti = 0,37

MAHLE - Timisoara
Punching Shear Capacity

Resisting punching forces at control perimeter 1 (u1)
2X)!!
hE(, max lI-. · ;l · X)!! ·
d&- E(,
Concrete capacity:
Fibre only capacity: hE(,! max hE(, Q lE(,!,! · X)!! ·

; hE(,I'@
Combined capacity: hE(,!g& max hE(, Q lE(,!,!g& · X)!! ·

; hE(,I'@
X)!! H 600**: 0,0525⁄γp · k ⁄7

·

· fps
L
lI-. ↕ (interpolate) (fck : [MPa])
X)!! u 800**: 0,0375⁄γp · k ⁄7

·

· fps
L
X)!! H 600**: 0,0525⁄γp · k ⁄7

· 145 ·

· fps
L
lI-. ↕ (interpolate) (fck : [psi])
X)!! u 800**: 0,0375⁄γp · k ⁄7

· 145 ·

· fps
L
X)!! 4 5 w 5 ·x y (combined reinforcement)

X)!! 4 (fibre only)
" 1 Q L 200⁄X)!! H 2,0 (deff : [mm])
7
" 1Q H 2,0
L
7},~·(>
(deff : [in])
2X)!! 2 · X)!!
⁄ 2 · X)!!
lE(, , lE(, · zE(, · " · 100 · {/ ·

· Sa ·
d&- d&- d&-
(fck : [MPa])
2X)!! 2 · X)!!
lE(, , lE(, ·
d&- d&-

⁄ 2 · X)!!
zE(, · " · 100 · {/ · 145 ·

· Sa ·
d&-
(fck : [psi])
zE(, 0,18⁄_
!

lE(,!,!⁄!g& , [] lE(,!,!⁄!g& · [] 0,85 · - · [^ · [\'&

· !

· SE, · · []
I
_!
αfct = 1,00
αti = 0,37
,}
[] 1,0 H 1 Q 0.5 · X)!! ·

· H

1,43 (deff , u1: [m])
,}
[] 1,0 H 1 Q 0.0465 · X)!! ·

· H 1,43

(deff , u1: [ft])
hE(,I'@ ·
1,40 hE(,0.&))
Resisting punching forces at control perimeter 0 (u0)
Sa
hE( 0,4 · S( · 0,6 · 1 5 · · X)!!
250

MAHLE - Timisoara
GENERAL
ACTING FORCES

MAHLE - Timisoara
Equations for the Acting Moments

Point or Wheel Loads at the Interior of the Slab [02]
t
rc
F
m’Ed m’Ed
r0
p0d pEd
· p0d

L ·
·
rc mEd
m’Ed r0
( _ · · ∑L- -
· 7
*( Q *(
P
7·
· 1 5 _a · ·
?>?
· 1 5 · g7··

·

·

· /
D0X _ · /)/7
B@ 0:
⁄ ·· ⁄/
& & ⁄/)/

8 )/
/)/
··
· ··
·
8 8
B@ u 0:
8
& L
g ·

/)/
7· ··
· g · ·
· g · ·
·
8
·
L
g

7· ··
· g · ·
· g · ·
·
8

MAHLE - Timisoara

Point or Wheel Loads at a Free Edge or a Joint of the Slab [02]
tk t
rc rc
F
m’Ed m’Ed m’Ed
mEd
rk
p0d pEd p0d

· p0d

r0
α L ·
·
mEd r0 α α
rc
m’Ed
rk = r0∙tanα
( _ · · ∑L- -

*3X Q *(
P

~
· ( · 1 Q & · tan 5 8··
?>?

¨
·
· · ·¥¦
U
· tan2

· /
D0X _ · /)/7
t 1,5 · lel Q 3 · Bb
tk 3,0 · lel Q B©

,}·p¤ · g ·p¤
&

?>? ?>?
/)/
·
· ·
g ·¥¦

In case loads are placed at a distance x' > 0 or y' > 0 to a free edge or a joint, the parameters sx and sy are
calculated for x' = 0 and y' = 0.
Bending moments for loads at a distance x' or y' are derived from linear interpolation between the results
for loads placed right at a free edge / joint and for loads placed right at the slab centre.
Interpolation is done between 0,00 and 2,00 x the elastic length.

MAHLE - Timisoara

Multiple Loads at the Interior of the Slab, Free Edge or a Joint of the Slab [02]
t t
rc
F F
m’Ed m’Ed
r0 sx r0
p0d pEd
· p0d

r0 mEd
sy
rc
r0
m’Ed
In the case of multiple loads, the equations for single loads apply. The actual load configuration is taken
into account by the factors sx and sy which account for the specific load geometry. An example is given in
the image above.

MAHLE - Timisoara

F ( _ ·
"a" is wide:
*b *( Q *(P
*(,)/ Q *(,)/
P
a
"a" is small:
*b *( Q *(

P
«
7·Iª,>? gIª,>?
2·
"a" is wide: *(,)/

P
*(,)/
P
*(,)/

*(,)/

*(
P
*(
P
*(

*(

"a" is small: *(,)/

P
*(,)/
P
*(,)/

*(
P
*(
P
*(

m'Ed,el, mEd,el: bending moment calculated according to linear-elastic theory

MAHLE - Timisoara

F x F ( _ ·
a b a
*b *( Q *(

P
*dC *(,)/¬
P
; *(,)/¬¬
P
Q *(,)/
"b" is wide:
*(,)/¬
P *(,)/¬¬
P
*(,)/¬
P
*(,)/

*(,)/

"b" is small: *(,)/¬¬

P
*(,)/¬
P
*(,)/¬
P
*(,)/

*(,)/

m'Ed,el, mEd,el: bending moment calculated according to linear-elastic theory

MAHLE - Timisoara
Equations for the Acting Shear Forces

Acting Shear Forces for Point or Wheel Loads
mEd
«
Iª gIª
h(
&
r0 m’Ed
Acting Shear Forces for Line Loads
Fd
VEd VEd
h
p’Ed
pEd
d d
xi xi

@ (
h( 7
· D( 5 D(
P
· @
Q D(
P
· C- 5 X
VEd
h
p’Ed
pEd
xe

@> (
h( · D( 5 D(
P
· Q D(
P
· C) 5 X
7 @>

MAHLE - Timisoara
Equations for the Acting Punching Shear Forces

Acting punching forces at control perimeter 1 (u1)
Point and wheel loads: h(,&)( h( 5 ∆h(

h( -/) · _ · · ∑L- -
5 d&- : DI · · d&- Q 7
∆h( ¯
5 d&- : DI · · 7
βi = 1,10 (interior)
βe = 1,10 (edge)
acrit = depends on soil pressure and approach (specified later)
Line Loads and UDLs: n/a
Acting punching forces at control perimeter 0 (u0)
Point and wheel loads: h( -/) · _ · · ∑L- -
Line Loads and UDLs: n/a
Punching at the slab centre (example: 1 point)
t
rc
F acrit
pm,a
Psoil
p0d pd,max pm,b
rc acrit
control perimeter 0
control perimeter 1

MAHLE - Timisoara
Equations for the Acting Punching Shear Forces

Punching at the edge/joint of the slab (example: 1 point)
tedge,eq tedge,eq
rc rc
F acrit F
acrit
pm,a
pm,b Psoil
p0d pd,max p0d
tedge,eq
rc
acrit

MAHLE - Timisoara
Point Loads and Wheel Loads
SLAB CENTRE

MAHLE - Timisoara
Load case: 4 points in line, slab centre

load per base plate F₁₁ F₁₁ F₂₂ F₂₂
F₁ 70,0 kN
F₂ 70,0 kN
base plate layout
x 180 mm a b c
y 150 mm
a 1000 mm
b 300 mm
c 1000 mm
x' - mm
y
y' - mm
x
sy = ¼·y
factors
γQ 1,35 sx = a + b + c
φ n/a
χ n/a
reinforcement layout
Dramix®
elastic length
lel 681 mm (insulation layer not present)
BENDING
acting bending moments
occurs Fd Sx Sy rc/lel γk r0 t m + m'

kN mm mm - - mm mm kNm/m
■□□□
X 94,5 90 38 0,130 0,1290 561 2098 11,3
■■□□
X 189,0 1000 38 0,130 0,0958 794 1773 13,8
□■■□
X 189,0 300 38 0,130 0,1202 670 1704 19,4
□□■■
X 189,0 1000 38 0,130 0,0958 794 1773 13,8
■■■□
X 283,5 1300 38 0,130 0,0859 832 1799 18,6
□■■■
X 283,5 1300 38 0,130 0,0859 832 1799 18,6
■■■■
X 378,0 2300 38 0,130 0,0601 968 1841 19,6
maximum bending moments

m'Ed + mEd 19,6 kNm/m
resisting bending moments

m'Rd + mRd 29,0 kNm/m

MAHLE - Timisoara

SHEAR & SOIL PRESSURE
general parameters
deff 200 mm
κchar 0,70
κO 0,50
vmin 0,51 N/mm²

vRd,c 0,00 N/mm²
vRd,f0 0,24 N/mm²
acting and resisting shear forces acting soil pressure
occurs VEd κG VRd occurs p0d

kN/m - kN/m kN/m²
■□□□ ■□□□
X 20,1 1,43 170,7 X 26
■■□□ ■■□□
X 17,3 1,43 170,7 X 39
□■■□ □■■□
X 29,0 1,43 170,7 X 49
□□■■ □□■■
X 17,3 1,43 170,7 X 39
■■■□ ■■■□
X 22,4 1,43 170,7 X 53
□■■■ □■■■
X 22,4 1,43 170,7 X 53
■■■■ ■■■■
X 20,3 1,43 170,7 X 49
maximum acting soil pressure

p0d = 53 kN/m²
resisting soil pressure

pRd = 250 kN/m²

MAHLE - Timisoara

PUNCHING SHEAR
general parameters
x
deff 200 mm acrit

y
β 1,10
κchar 0,70 u0
κO 0,50 u1
a b c
vmin 0,51 N/mm²
vRd,c0 0,00 N/mm²
vRd,f0 0,20 N/mm²
vRd,u0 n/a N/mm²
acting and resisting punching shear forces
occurs VEd acrit Psoil u1 κG VEd,red VRd u0 VEd,u0 VRd,u0

kN mm kN mm - kN kN mm kN kN
■□□□
X 104,0 200 6,2 1917 1,00 97,7 469,2 660 n/a n/a
■■□□
- n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
□■■□
X 207,9 200 11,4 2517 1,00 196,5 616,0 1260 n/a n/a
□□■■
■■■□
□■■■
■■■■

MAHLE - Timisoara
Load case: 1 axle - 2 wheels, slab centre

load per wheel F F
F 20,0 kN (2x)
wheel layout
p 4,00 N/mm²
rw 54 mm
a 1200 mm a
b - mm
c - mm
x' - mm
y' - mm
factors
rw
γQ 1,35
φ 1,35 sy = rw·4 / (3·π)
sx = a
χ n/a
Dramix®
elastic length
BENDING
acting bending moments
occurs Fd Sx Sy rc/lel γk r0 t m + m'

kN mm mm - - mm mm kNm/m
●-○
X 48,6 23 23 0,079 0,1288 444 2268 6,5
●-●
X 97,2 1200 23 0,079 0,0898 797 1784 6,8
maximum bending moments

m'Ed + mEd 6,8 kNm/m


MAHLE - Timisoara

general parameters
deff 200 mm
κchar 0,70
κO 0,50
vmin 0,51 N/mm²

vRd,c 0,00 N/mm²
vRd,f0 0,24 N/mm²
occurs VEd κG VRd occurs p0d

kN/m - kN/m kN/m²
●-○ ●-○
X 14,7 1,43 170,7 X 8
●-● ●-●
X 8,5 1,43 170,7 X 10
maximum acting soil pressure

p0d = 10 kN/m²

pRd = 250 kN/m²

MAHLE - Timisoara

PUNCHING SHEAR
general parameters
acrit
deff 200 mm rw u0
β 1,10
κchar u1
0,70
κO 0,50 a
vmin 0,51 N/mm²

vRd,c0 0,00 N/mm²
vRd,f0 0,20 N/mm²
vRd,u0 n/a N/mm²

●-○
X 53,5 200 1,4 1593 1,00 52,1 389,9 336 n/a n/a
●-●

MAHLE - Timisoara
PERPENDICULAR TO PRIMARY JOINT

(DOWELLED PROFILE)

MAHLE - Timisoara
Load case: 4 points in line, ├ to the primary joint

F₁ 70,0 kN
F₂ 70,0 kN
base plate layout
x 180 mm a b c
y 150 mm
a 1000 mm
b 300 mm x’
c 1000 mm
x' 0 mm
y
y' - mm
x
sy = ¼·y
factors
γQ 1,35
χ 0,60 sy = ½·(a + b + c + x)
Dramix®
elastic length
BENDING
acting bending moments calculated for the distance x' = 0
occurs Fd Sx Sy rc/lel γk r0 t tk tan α m + m'

kN mm mm - - mm mm mm - kNm/m
|■□□□
X 94,5 38 90 0,132 0,3893 632 1291 2132 1,2541 13,3
|■■□□
X 189,0 38 590 0,867 0,2899 1505 2791 2632 0,6994 10,0
|□■■□
X 189,0 38 240 0,353 0,3667 910 1741 2282 1,0747 19,3
|□□■■
X 189,0 38 590 0,867 0,2899 1505 2791 2632 0,6994 10,0
|■■■□
X 283,5 38 740 1,087 0,2500 1798 3241 2782 0,5928 12,2
|□■■■
X 283,5 38 740 1,087 0,2500 1798 3241 2782 0,5928 12,2
|■■■■
X 378,0 38 1240 1,821 0,2500 1422 4741 3282 2,7786 0,0

MAHLE - Timisoara

BENDING
maximum bending moments calculated for the distance x'
m'Ed + mEd 19,3 kNm/m calculated for x' = 0 mm

m'Ed + mEd 19,4 kNm/m calculated for x' ≥ 2,00 · lel
m'Ed + mEd 19,3 kNm/m interpolated for x' = 0 mm

MAHLE - Timisoara

general parameters
deff 200 mm
κchar 0,70
κO 0,50
vmin 0,51 N/mm²

vRd,c 0,00 N/mm²
vRd,f0 0,24 N/mm²
occurs VEd κG VRd occurs m + m' p0d (x'=0) m + m' p0d (x')
kN/m - kN/m kNm/m kN/m² kNm/m kN/m²
|■□□□ |■□□□
X 21,1 1,43 170,7 X 13,3 48 13,3 48
|■■□□ |■■□□
X 6,6 1,43 170,7 X 10,0 71 10,0 71
|□■■□ |□■■□
X 21,2 1,43 170,7 X 19,3 90 19,3 90
|□□■■ |□□■■
X 6,6 1,43 170,7 X 10,0 71 10,0 71
|■■■□ |■■■□
X 6,8 1,43 170,7 X 12,2 92 12,2 92
|□■■■ |□■■■
X 6,8 1,43 170,7 X 12,2 92 12,2 92
|■■■■ |■■■■
X 0,0 1,43 170,7 X 0,0 122 0,0 122
x' = 0 mm x' = 0 mm
maximum acting soil pressure calculated for the distance x'
p0d = 122 kN/m² calculated for x' = 0 mm

p0d = 49 kN/m² calculated for x' ≥ 2,00 · lel
p0d = 122 kN/m² interpolated for x' = 0 mm
pRd = 250 kN/m²

MAHLE - Timisoara

PUNCHING SHEAR
general parameters
x
deff 200 mm
β 1,10 y acrit
κchar 0,70 u0
κO 0,50 u1
x’ a b c
vmin 0,51 N/mm²
vRd,c0 0,00 N/mm²
vRd,f0 0,20 N/mm²
vRd,u n/a N/mm²

|■□□□
X 104,0 200 5,4 1138 1,00 98,6 278,6 510 n/a n/a
|■■□□
|□■■□
X 207,9 200 22,3 2517 1,00 185,6 616,0 1110 n/a n/a
|□□■■
|■■■□
|□■■■
|■■■■

MAHLE - Timisoara
Load case: 1 axle - 2 wheels, ├ to the primary joint

load per wheel F F
F 20,0 kN (2x)
wheel layout
p 4,0 N/mm²
rw 54 mm
a 1200 mm a
b - mm
c - mm
x' 0 mm x’
y' - mm sx = rw·4 / (3·π)
factors
rw
γQ 1,35
φ 1,80
χ 0,60
sy = ½·a + rw
Dramix®
elastic length
BENDING

|● - ○
X 48,6 23 54 0,079 0,3993 512 1182 2096 1,2860 7,7
|● - ●
X 97,2 23 654 0,960 0,2627 1618 2982 2696 0,6639 5,0


MAHLE - Timisoara
PARALLEL TO PRIMARY JOINT

(DOWELLED PROFILE)

MAHLE - Timisoara
Load case: 4 points in line, || to the primary joint

F₁ 70,0 kN
F₂ 70,0 kN
base plate layout
x 180 mm a b c
y 150 mm
a 1000 mm
b 300 mm
c 1000 mm sy = ½·y y‘
x' - mm
y
y' 0 mm
x
factors
γQ 1,35
sx = ½·(a + b + c)
χ 0,60
Dramix®
elastic length
BENDING
acting bending moments calculated for the distance y' = 0

_____
X 94,5 45 75 0,110 0,3931 606 1246 2117 1,2840 13,6
■□□□
_____
X 189,0 500 75 0,110 0,3931 921 1246 2117 1,8557 12,8
■■□□
_____
X 189,0 150 75 0,110 0,3931 728 1246 2117 1,3928 22,7
□■■□
_____
X 189,0 500 75 0,110 0,3931 921 1246 2117 1,8557 12,8
□□■■
_____
X 283,5 650 75 0,110 0,3931 964 1246 2117 2,1811 15,0
■■■□
_____
X 283,5 650 75 0,110 0,3931 964 1246 2117 2,1811 15,0
□■■■
_____
- 378,0 1150 75 0,110 0,3931 0 1246 2117 n/a n/a
■■■■

MAHLE - Timisoara

BENDING
maximum bending moments calculated for the distance y'
m'Ed + mEd 22,7 kNm/m calculated for y' = 0 mm

m'Ed + mEd 19,4 kNm/m calculated for y' ≥ 2,00 · lel
m'Ed + mEd 22,7 kNm/m interpolated for y' = 0 mm

MAHLE - Timisoara

general parameters
deff 200 mm
κchar 0,70
κO 0,50
vmin 0,51 N/mm²

vRd,c 0,00 N/mm²
vRd,f0 0,24 N/mm²
occurs VEd κG VRd occurs m + m' p0d (y'=0) m + m' p0d (y')
_____ _____
X 22,5 1,43 170,7 X 13,6 48 13,6 48
■□□□ ■□□□
_____ _____
X 13,9 1,43 170,7 X 12,8 96 12,8 96
■■□□ ■■□□
_____ _____
X 31,3 1,43 170,7 X 22,7 96 22,7 96
□■■□ □■■□
_____ _____
X 13,9 1,43 170,7 X 12,8 96 12,8 96
□□■■ □□■■
_____ _____
X 15,6 1,43 170,7 X 15,0 144 15,0 144
■■■□ ■■■□
_____ _____
X 15,6 1,43 170,7 X 15,0 144 15,0 144
□■■■ □■■■
_____ _____
- n/a n/a n/a - n/a n/a n/a n/a
■■■■ ■■■■
y' = 0 mm y' = 0 mm
maximum acting soil pressure calculated for the distance y'
p0d = 144 kN/m² calculated for y' = 0 mm

p0d = 53 kN/m² calculated for y' ≥ 2,00 · lel
p0d = 144 kN/m² interpolated for y' = 0 mm
pRd = 250 kN/m²

MAHLE - Timisoara

PUNCHING SHEAR
general parameters
x y‘
deff 200 mm
β 1,10 y
κchar 0,70 acrit u0
κO 0,50 u1
a b c
vmin 0,51 N/mm²
vRd,c0 0,00 N/mm²
vRd,f0 0,20 N/mm²
vRd,u n/a N/mm²

_____
X 104,0 200 4,9 1108 1,00 99,0 271,3 480 n/a n/a
■□□□
_____
■■□□
_____
X 207,9 200 9,8 1408 1,00 198,1 344,7 780 n/a n/a
□■■□
_____
□□■■
_____
■■■□
_____
□■■■
_____
■■■■

MAHLE - Timisoara
Load case: 1 axle - 2 wheels, || to the primary joint

load per wheel F F
F 20,0 kN (2x)
wheel layout
p 4,0 N/mm²
rw 54 mm
a 1200 mm a
b - mm
c - mm
x' - mm
y' 0 mm y‘
factors s y = rw rw
γQ 1,35
φ 1,80
χ 0,60
sx = ½·a
Dramix®
elastic length
BENDING

____
X 48,6 23 23 0,033 0,4102 404 1089 2065 1,3349 8,3
●-○
____
X 97,2 600 23 0,033 0,4102 892 1089 2065 2,0863 6,7
●-●


MAHLE - Timisoara

general parameters
deff 154 mm
κchar 0,70
κO 0,50
vmin 0,51 N/mm²

vRd,c 0,00 N/mm²
vRd,f0 0,24 N/mm²
____ ____
X 20,6 1,43 131,5 X 8,3 14 8,3 14
●-○ ●-○
____ ____
X 7,5 1,43 131,5 - 6,7 29 6,7 29
●-● ●-●
y' = 0 mm y' = 0 mm

pRd = 250 kN/m²

MAHLE - Timisoara

PUNCHING SHEAR
general parameters
y‘
deff 154 mm
β 1,10
rw u0
κchar 0,70 acrit
κO 0,50 u1
a
vmin 0,51 N/mm²
vRd,c0 0,00 N/mm²
vRd,f0 0,20 N/mm²
vRd,u n/a N/mm²

____
X 53,5 154 0,6 759 1,00 52,8 143,1 336 n/a n/a
●-○
____
●-●

MAHLE - Timisoara
PERPENDICULAR TO SECONDARY JOINT

(SAW CUT JOINT)

MAHLE - Timisoara
Load case: 4 points in line, ├ to the secondary joint

F₁ 70,0 kN
F₂ 70,0 kN
base plate layout
x 180 mm a b c
y 150 mm
a 1000 mm
b 300 mm x’
c 1000 mm
x' 0 mm
y
y' - mm
x
sy = ¼·y
factors
γQ 1,35
χ 0,75 sy = ½·(a + b + c + x)
Dramix®
elastic length
BENDING

|■□□□
X 94,5 38 90 0,132 0,3893 632 1291 2132 1,2541 16,7
|■■□□
X 189,0 38 590 0,867 0,2899 1505 2791 2632 0,6994 12,5
|□■■□
X 189,0 38 240 0,353 0,3667 910 1741 2282 1,0747 24,2
|□□■■
X 189,0 38 590 0,867 0,2899 1505 2791 2632 0,6994 12,5
|■■■□
X 283,5 38 740 1,087 0,2500 1798 3241 2782 0,5928 15,3
|□■■■
X 283,5 38 740 1,087 0,2500 1798 3241 2782 0,5928 15,3
|■■■■
X 378,0 38 1240 1,821 0,2500 1422 4741 3282 2,7786 0,0

MAHLE - Timisoara

BENDING


MAHLE - Timisoara

general parameters
deff 200 mm
κchar 0,70
κO 0,50
vmin 0,51 N/mm²

vRd,c 0,00 N/mm²
vRd,f0 0,24 N/mm²
|■□□□ |■□□□
X 26,4 1,43 170,7 X 16,7 60 16,7 60
|■■□□ |■■□□
X 8,3 1,43 170,7 X 12,5 89 12,5 89
|□■■□ |□■■□
X 26,6 1,43 170,7 X 24,2 112 24,2 112
|□□■■ |□□■■
X 8,3 1,43 170,7 X 12,5 89 12,5 89
|■■■□ |■■■□
X 8,5 1,43 170,7 X 15,3 115 15,3 115
|□■■■ |□■■■
X 8,5 1,43 170,7 X 15,3 115 15,3 115
|■■■■ |■■■■
X 0,0 1,43 170,7 X 0,0 153 0,0 153
x' = 0 mm x' = 0 mm

pRd = 250 kN/m²

MAHLE - Timisoara

PUNCHING SHEAR
general parameters
x
deff 200 mm
β 1,10 y acrit
κchar 0,70 u0
κO 0,50 u1
x’ a b c
vmin 0,51 N/mm²
vRd,c0 0,00 N/mm²
vRd,f0 0,20 N/mm²
vRd,u n/a N/mm²

|■□□□
X 104,0 200 6,7 1138 1,00 97,2 278,6 510 n/a n/a
|■■□□
|□■■□
X 207,9 200 27,8 2517 1,00 180,1 616,0 1110 n/a n/a
|□□■■
|■■■□
|□■■■
|■■■■

MAHLE - Timisoara
Load case: 1 axle - 2 wheels, ├ to the secondary joint

load per wheel F F
F 20,0 kN (2x)
wheel layout
p 4,0 N/mm²
rw 54 mm
a 1200 mm a
b - mm
c - mm
x' 0 mm x’
y' - mm sx = rw·4 / (3·π)
factors
rw
γQ 1,35
φ 1,80
χ 0,75
sy = ½·a + rw
Dramix®
elastic length
BENDING

|● - ○
X 48,6 23 54 0,079 0,3993 512 1182 2096 1,2860 9,6
|● - ●
X 97,2 23 654 0,960 0,2627 1618 2982 2696 0,6639 6,3


MAHLE - Timisoara

general parameters
deff 154 mm
κchar 0,70
κO 0,50
vmin 0,51 N/mm²

vRd,c 0,00 N/mm²
vRd,f0 0,24 N/mm²
|● - ○ |● - ○
X 18,8 1,43 131,5 X 9,6 17 9,6 17
|● - ● |● - ●
X 3,9 1,43 131,5 X 6,3 23 6,3 23
x' = 0 mm x' = 0 mm

pRd = 250 kN/m²

MAHLE - Timisoara

PUNCHING SHEAR
general parameters
deff 154 mm
acrit
β 1,10
rw u0
κchar 0,70
κO 0,50 u1
x’ a
vmin 0,51 N/mm²
vRd,c0 0,00 N/mm²
vRd,f0 0,20 N/mm²
vRd,u n/a N/mm²

|● - ○
X 53,5 154 1,1 759 1,00 52,4 143,1 336 n/a n/a
|● - ●

MAHLE - Timisoara
PARALLEL TO SECONDARY JOINT

(SAW CUT JOINT)

MAHLE - Timisoara
Load case: 4 points in line, || to the secondary joint

F₁ 70,0 kN
F₂ 70,0 kN
base plate layout
x 180 mm a b c
y 150 mm
a 1000 mm
b 300 mm
c 1000 mm sy = ½·y y‘
x' - mm
y
y' 0 mm
x
factors
γQ 1,35
sx = ½·(a + b + c)
χ 0,75
Dramix®
elastic length
BENDING

_____
X 94,5 45 75 0,110 0,3931 606 1246 2117 1,2840 17,0
■□□□
_____
X 189,0 500 75 0,110 0,3931 921 1246 2117 1,8557 16,0
■■□□
_____
X 189,0 150 75 0,110 0,3931 728 1246 2117 1,3928 28,4
□■■□
_____
X 189,0 500 75 0,110 0,3931 921 1246 2117 1,8557 16,0
□□■■
_____
X 283,5 650 75 0,110 0,3931 964 1246 2117 2,1811 18,8
■■■□
_____
X 283,5 650 75 0,110 0,3931 964 1246 2117 2,1811 18,8
□■■■
_____
- 378,0 1150 75 0,110 0,3931 0 1246 2117 n/a n/a
■■■■

MAHLE - Timisoara

BENDING


MAHLE - Timisoara

general parameters
deff 200 mm
κchar 0,70
κO 0,50
vmin 0,51 N/mm²

vRd,c 0,00 N/mm²
vRd,f0 0,24 N/mm²
_____ _____
X 28,1 1,43 170,7 X 17,0 60 17,0 60
■□□□ ■□□□
_____ _____
X 17,4 1,43 170,7 X 16,0 120 16,0 120
■■□□ ■■□□
_____ _____
X 39,1 1,43 170,7 X 28,4 120 28,4 120
□■■□ □■■□
_____ _____
X 17,4 1,43 170,7 X 16,0 120 16,0 120
□□■■ □□■■
_____ _____
X 19,5 1,43 170,7 X 18,8 180 18,8 180
■■■□ ■■■□
_____ _____
X 19,5 1,43 170,7 X 18,8 180 18,8 180
□■■■ □■■■
_____ _____
- n/a n/a n/a - n/a n/a n/a n/a
■■■■ ■■■■
y' = 0 mm y' = 0 mm

pRd = 250 kN/m²

MAHLE - Timisoara

PUNCHING SHEAR
general parameters
x y‘
deff 200 mm
β 1,10 y
κchar 0,70 acrit u0
κO 0,50 u1
a b c
vmin 0,51 N/mm²
vRd,c0 0,00 N/mm²
vRd,f0 0,20 N/mm²
vRd,u n/a N/mm²

_____
X 104,0 200 6,1 1108 1,00 97,8 271,3 480 n/a n/a
■□□□
_____
■■□□
_____
X 207,9 200 12,3 1408 1,00 195,6 344,7 780 n/a n/a
□■■□
_____
□□■■
_____
■■■□
_____
□■■■
_____
■■■■

MAHLE - Timisoara
Load case: 1 axle - 2 wheels, || to the secondary joint

load per wheel F F
F 20,0 kN (2x)
wheel layout
p 4,0 N/mm²
rw 54 mm
a 1200 mm a
b - mm
c - mm
x' - mm
y' 0 mm y‘
factors s y = rw rw
γQ 1,35
φ 1,80
χ 0,75
sx = ½·a
Dramix®
elastic length
BENDING

____
X 48,6 23 23 0,033 0,4102 404 1089 2065 1,3349 10,4
●-○
____
X 97,2 600 23 0,033 0,4102 892 1089 2065 2,0863 8,4
●-●


MAHLE - Timisoara

general parameters
deff 154 mm
κchar 0,70
κO 0,50
vmin 0,51 N/mm²

vRd,c 0,00 N/mm²
vRd,f0 0,24 N/mm²
____ ____
X 25,7 1,43 131,5 X 10,4 18 10,4 18
●-○ ●-○
____ ____
X 9,4 1,43 131,5 X 8,4 36 8,4 36
●-● ●-●
y' = 0 mm y' = 0 mm

pRd = 250 kN/m²

MAHLE - Timisoara

PUNCHING SHEAR
general parameters
y‘
deff 154 mm
β 1,10
rw u0
κchar 0,70 acrit
κO 0,50 u1
a
vmin 0,51 N/mm²
vRd,c0 0,00 N/mm²
vRd,f0 0,20 N/mm²
vRd,u n/a N/mm²

____
X 53,5 154 0,8 759 1,00 52,7 143,1 336 n/a n/a
●-○
____
●-●

MAHLE - Timisoara
PERPENDICULAR TO THE FREE EDGE

MAHLE - Timisoara
Load case: 1 axle - 2 wheels, ├ to the free edge

load per wheel F F
F 20,0 kN (2x)
wheel layout
p 4,0 N/mm²
rw 54 mm
a 1200 mm a
b - mm
c - mm
x' 500 mm x’
y' - mm sx = rw·4 / (3·π)
factors
rw
γQ 1,35
φ 1,80
χ -
sy = ½·a + rw
Dramix®
elastic length
BENDING

|● - ○
X 48,6 23 54 0,079 0,3993 512 1182 2096 1,2860 12,8
|● - ●
X 97,2 23 654 0,960 0,2627 1618 2982 2696 0,6639 8,4


MAHLE - Timisoara

general parameters
deff 154 mm
κchar 0,70
κO 0,50
vmin 0,51 N/mm²

vRd,c 0,00 N/mm²
vRd,f0 0,24 N/mm²
|● - ○ |● - ○
X 20,5 1,43 131,5 X 12,8 23 10,5 17
|● - ● |● - ●
X 5,0 1,43 131,5 X 8,4 31 8,1 23
x' = 0 mm x' = 500 mm

pRd = 250 kN/m²

MAHLE - Timisoara

PUNCHING SHEAR
general parameters
deff 154 mm
acrit
β 1,10
rw u0
κchar 0,70
κO 0,50 u1
x’ a
vmin 0,51 N/mm²
vRd,c0 0,00 N/mm²
vRd,f0 0,20 N/mm²
vRd,u n/a N/mm²

|● - ○
X 53,5 154 1,1 1304 1,00 52,4 245,8 336 n/a n/a
|● - ●

MAHLE - Timisoara
PARALLEL TO THE FREE EDGE

MAHLE - Timisoara
Load case: 1 axle - 2 wheels, || to the free edge

load per wheel F F
F 20,0 kN (2x)
wheel layout
p 4,0 N/mm²
rw 54 mm
a 1200 mm a
b - mm
c - mm
x' - mm
y' 0 mm y‘
factors s y = rw rw
γQ 1,35
φ 1,80
χ -
sx = ½·a
Dramix®, top, bottom
elastic length
BENDING

____
X 48,6 23 23 0,033 0,4102 396 1089 2065 1,3937 14,5
●-○
____
X 97,2 600 23 0,033 0,4102 866 1089 2065 2,1660 11,8
●-●


MAHLE - Timisoara

general parameters
deff 154 mm
κchar 0,70
κO 0,50
vmin 0,51 N/mm²

vRd,c 0,20 N/mm²
vRd,f0 0,24 N/mm²
____ ____
X 36,6 1,43 131,5 X 14,5 24 14,5 24
●-○ ●-○
____ ____
X 13,7 1,43 131,5 X 11,8 48 11,8 48
●-● ●-●
y' = 0 mm y' = 0 mm

pRd = 250 kN/m²

MAHLE - Timisoara

PUNCHING SHEAR
general parameters
y‘
deff 154 mm
β 1,10
rw u0
κchar 0,70 acrit
κO 0,50 u1
a
vmin 0,51 N/mm²
vRd,c0 0,36 N/mm²
vRd,f0 0,20 N/mm²
vRd,u n/a N/mm²

____
X 53,5 154 1,1 759 1,00 52,4 143,1 336 n/a n/a
●-○
____
●-●

MAHLE - Timisoara
UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOADS
ALL LOAD POSITIONS

MAHLE - Timisoara
UDL, all load positions

distributed load
F 30,0 kN/m² x
F
load layout
a 5000 mm
factors
γQ 1,35
φ - a
χ -
Dramix® (layout with lowest capacity)
modulus of subgrade reaction

k 0,1 N/mm³
BENDING
acting bending moments 4,00
3,00
occurs Fd a m + m'
kN/m² mm kNm/m 2,00
mel [kNm/m]
1,00
__▄__ X 40,5 5000 5,9
0,00
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15
maximum bending moments -1,00
m'Ed + mEd 5,9 kNm/m -2,00
-3,00
-4,00
m'Rd + mRd 29,0 kNm/m x [m]

MAHLE - Timisoara
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
GENERAL

MAHLE - Timisoara
Calculation Overview
|
→ ● ← ——— — — — — ┼ —
|
——— ┌
├ || ├ || ├ ||
selected X X X X X - X X -
governing
■■■■ ■■■■ ■■■■ ■■■■ ■■■■ - ●-● ●-● -
slab layout
thickness 200 mm
concrete C25/30, 15 kg/m³ 3D 80/60BG
reinforcement D® D® D® D® D® - D® D® + ̲̅ -
insulation - - - - - - - - -
bending (m+m') ◘ ◘ ◘ ◘ ◘ ◘
acting 19,6 19,3 22,7 24,2 28,4 - 10,5 14,5 - kNm/m
resisting 29,0 29,0 29,0 29,0 29,0 - 29,0 49,9 - kNm/m
soil (pₒ)
acting 53 122 144 153 180 - 23 48 - kN/m²
resisting 250 250 250 250 250 - 250 250 - kN/m²
shear (V)
acting 29,0 21,2 31,3 26,6 39,1 - 20,5 36,6 - kN/m
resisting 170,7 170,7 170,7 170,7 170,7 - 131,5 131,5 - kN/m
punching (V) ◘
acting 197 99 198 97 196 - 52 52 - kN
resisting 616 279 345 279 345 - 246 143 - kN
Legend
D® Dramix® Steel Fibre (fibre only)
D® + ̅ Dramix® Steel Fibre + top reinforcement
D® + ̲ Dramix® Steel Fibre + bottom reinforcement
D® + ̲̅ Dramix® Steel Fibre + top & bottom reinforcement
◘ governing load type

MAHLE - Timisoara
Conclusion and Proposal based on Bekaert SoG
Despite the Bekaert data sheets giving a good estimation of the post crack strength, it does not
relieve others from testing the applied material properties. Bekaert is prepared to give advice and
practical support for quality control.
Floor data
slab type Saw Cut Floor
slab thickness h 200 mm (minimum thickness for execution)
separation layer 1 layer PE-foil (membrane)
maximum joint distance L 5,0 m
panel size ratio L/l 1,0 ≤ L/l ≤ 1,5
slab exposure indoors ambient conditions tempered
Joints
primary joint dowelled profile
secondary joint saw cut joint
Soil Properties
Soil properties as specified above.
non-insulated areas everywhere
insulated areas none present
Considered Load Types (considered locations: please see above)

point ■■■■
wheel ●-●
uniform __▄__
line n/a

concrete class C25/30 (recommended dosage for performance testing)
concrete age at loading 56 days
Dramix® type 3D 80/60BG (EN 14889-1, system "1", structural use)
dosage 15 kg/m³
fctm,fl 4,33 N/mm²
fR,1m 2,21 N/mm² (56 days, EN 14651)
fR,3m 2,24 N/mm² (56 days, EN 14651)
Reinforcement
layout top + bottom, crosswise (see page 13)
yield strength 500 N/mm² (high bond bars)
E-modulus 200 GN/m²
at top 6 mm - 150 mm, 35 mm concrete cover
at bottom 6 mm - 150 mm, 40 mm concrete cover
Other
For details or additional parameters and dimensions, please see above.
For additional remarks and the liability disclaimer, please see the next pages.
Data Base 1.1.1
Slab on Ground 1.0.2

MAHLE - Timisoara
Additional Remarks
This design is only valid for Dramix®-steel fibres. Violation hereof shall entail legal proceedings by
BEKAERT in view of indemnification of all losses that BEKAERT may sustain as a result of such violation.
In case other fibre types than specified above or fibres of other manufacturers are used, this design is null
and void. In such a case, Bekaert rejects any liability for this design and for the consequences of putting it
in practice.
All input data provided to Bekaert is assumed as correct and thus without Bekaert's responsibility.
Assumptions made by Bekaert are evident for successful execution and thus have to be verified by the
project engineer.
User defined remarks: INPUT on sheet "Input" is PRINTED on each printout sheet.
References
scientific publications
[01] H. Falkner, M. Teutsch, Z. Huang: Untersuchung des Trag- und Verformungsverhaltens von
Industrieböden aus Stahlfaserbeton, book 117, iBMB Braunschweig, 1995
[02] A. Losberg: Design Methods for Structurally Reinforced Concrete Pavements,
Chalmers University
[03] M. Stet: Betonverhardingen, GWWTechniek, 2003
[04] B. Colley, H. Humphrey: Aggregate Interlock at Joints in Concrete Pavements,
PCA Bulletin D124, Portland Cement Association
standards and guidelines

[05] CUR-Aanbeveling 36: Design of concrete floors and pavements on elastic foundations,
CUR Bouw & Infra
[06] DAfStb Richtlinie: "Steel Fibre Concrete", German Committee for Structural Concrete
[07] DBV-Merkblatt: "Steel Fibre Reinforced Industrial Concrete Floors"
[08] DIN 18134: Soil - Testing procedures and testing equipment - Plate load test
[09] EN 14651: Test method for metallic fibre concrete - Measuring the flexural tensile strength
(limit of proportionality (LOP), residual)
[10] EN 14889-1: Fibres for concrete - Part 1: Steel fibres - Definitions, specifications
and conformity
[11] EN 1992-1-1 / Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures – Part 1-1:
General rules and rules for buildings
[12] EN 206-1: Concrete - Specification, performance, production and conformity
[13] Bekaert: North American Requirements for the Design of Dramix®
Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Members & Systems (US-16)
[14] SS 812310: Fibre Concrete - Design of Fibre Concrete Structures
[15] TR34: Concrete Industrial Ground Floors, The Concrete Society
execution guides
[16] DBV-Merkblatt: "Steel Fibre Reinforced Industrial Concrete Floors"
[17] www.bekaert.com/dosingdramix

MAHLE - Timisoara
Liability
This Dramix® Pro report, and the underlying software and program used to create the report, is provided to the Project User (identified
on the cover page of this report) by Bekaert NV/SA and its affiliates solely as an accommodation to assist purchasers of Dramix® Steel
Fibers to determine the Dramix® Steel Fiber design for the application described in this report. The calculations contained in this report
are based on and rely solely on the data and inputs received from the Project User; Bekaert NV/SA and its Affiliates have not and will
not independently verify the accuracy or completeness of any of the data or inputs provided by Project User.
Neither Bekaert NV/SA nor any of its Affiliates is serving or acting as a project engineer, building engineer or architect, or in any similar
capacity for this Project. This report, and the underlying software and program used to create the report, is provided solely as an aid to
the Project User and all calculations and determinations contained in this report should be verified and confirmed by the Project’ User’s
project engineer, building engineer, architect or by any one acting in a similar capacity on behalf of the Project User including, but not
limited to, with regard to confirmation of the material properties and equivalent flexural stress.
Except as specifically warranted by Bekaert NV/SA or one of its affiliates in writing and subject to the conditions contained in any such
warranty, the risk of any and all loss, damage, or unsatisfactory performance of the Dramix® steel fiber, this report or the underlying
software or program used to create this report rests with the project user. This report, the software and programs are being provided
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used to create this report is free from defects. Bekaert NV/SA does not have any obligation to correct errors, make changes, support
this report, software or program, distribute updates, or provide notification of any error or defect, known or unknown.
If the project user relies upon this report, software or program, the project user does so at its own risk, and the project user assumes
the responsibility for the results. Should this report, software or program prove defective, the project user assumes the cost of all
losses, expenses and damages, of whatever kind or nature, resulting from reliance on this report, the software or the program. Unless
required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, neither Bekaert NV/SA nor any Affiliate of Bekaert NV/SA will be liable for any
damage, loss, cost or expense, of any kind or nature arising out of the use of, or inability to use this report, software or program,
including, but not limited to, claims or actions alleging infringement of copyrights, patents, trademarks, trade secrets, or any other
intellectual property.
PROHIBITION ON OTHER USE: The Project User acknowledges and by use of this report, software and program, agrees that the
Dramix® Pro (“detailed design note”) may not be used by the Project User for any other purpose than as permitted in this report and
only for use with regard to Dramix® Steel Fibers. NO LICENSE HAS BEEN GRANTED TO PROJECT USER FOR ANY USE OTHER
THAN AS SET FORTH IN THIS REPORT, and nothing hereunder will be construed as a license, assignment or other transfer of any
such right, title and interest to Project User or any other person. The sale of the Dramix® Pro, this report, or the software or programs
underlying this report, are strictly prohibited. Any violation hereof will subject the Project User to legal action by Bekaert NV/SA, and the
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and will remain at all times, the owner of the intellectual property rights relating to this report, the software or the program used to
create the report.


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MAHLE - Timisoara

costa voc impex - oradea

Dramix Pro® Slab on Ground

Detailed Calculation Note and Basic Theory

Dramix® Steel Fibre Reinforced Saw Cut Floor

This calculation is only valid for DRAMIX® steel fibres.

Customer costa voc impex

This report was prepared by:

http://www.bekaert.com Slab on Ground 1.0.2

28.02.2018 Only for use with Dramix®-Steel fibers!

28.02.2018 Only for use with Dramix®-Steel fibers!

Terms and Definitions

28.02.2018 Only for use with Dramix®-Steel fibers!

Terms and Definitions

28.02.2018 Only for use with Dramix®-Steel fibers!

Terms and Definitions

28.02.2018 Only for use with Dramix®-Steel fibers!

Terms and Definitions

|| Symbol: load is parallel to a free edge or joint

28.02.2018 Only for use with Dramix®-Steel fibers!

The figure shows results from laboratory testing

28.02.2018 Only for use with Dramix®-Steel fibers!

Floor Type: Saw Cut Floor

28.02.2018 Only for use with Dramix®-Steel fibers!

28.02.2018 Only for use with Dramix®-Steel fibers!

Dramix® Steel Fibre Concrete

beam testing according to EN 14651

28.02.2018 Only for use with Dramix®-Steel fibers!

Applied Material Properties

Dramix® Steel Fibre Concrete (28 days)

Coefficients for time dependent properties

The parameter "s" is chosen conservatively from 0,20 / 0,25 / 0,38.

28.02.2018 Only for use with Dramix®-Steel fibers!

Safety Factors and Coefficients

Uniformly Distributed Loads

Dramix® Steel Fibre Concrete

NOTE: user defined safety factors are applied

28.02.2018 Only for use with Dramix®-Steel fibers!

Outline of Reinforcement Layout

Plan View - Top Reinforcement

Plan View - Bottom Reinforcement

Dramix® Steel Fibre Concrete additional bar / mesh reinforcement

28.02.2018 Only for use with Dramix®-Steel fibers!

Soil Properties (k-value determined on subgrade)

The k-value of the soil stated above is assumed as the

layer: sub-base and subsoil properties:

28.02.2018 Only for use with Dramix®-Steel fibers!

Soil Properties (k-value determined on subgrade)

Insulation layout: Insulation properties:

Resulting k-values for the calculation of the elastic length:

slab areas without an insulation layer: everywhere

slab areas with an insulation layer: none present

"  *+, "-.#/'-0. , "#$%&'()

kinsulation n/a N/mm³

ksubgrade n/a N/mm³

28.02.2018 Only for use with Dramix®-Steel fibers!

Ec 31500 N/mm² at 56 days

Slab areas without an insulation layer: everywhere

Slab areas with an insulation layer: none present

DE(  FG · " H DE(,/-I

Slab areas without an insulation layer: everywhere

pRd 250 kN/m²

Slab areas with an insulation layer: none present

" *+, "-.#/'-0. , "#$%&'()

DE( FG · " H DE(,/-I

S( · · Sa ⁄_

Sb( Sba ⁄_

Concrete capacity: hE(, max lI-. , lE(, · X)!!

Fibre only capacity: hE(,! lI-. Q lE(,!,! · X)!!

Combined capacity: hE(,!g& hE(. Q lE(,!,!g& · X)!!

lI-. ↕ (interpolate) (fck : [MPa])

lI-. ↕ (interpolate) (fck : [psi])

X)!! 4 5 w 5 ·x y (combined reinforcement)

" 1 Q L 200⁄X)!! H 2,0 (deff : [mm])

Fibre only capacity: hE(,! max hE(, Q lE(,!,! · X)!! ·

Combined capacity: hE(,!g& max hE(, Q lE(,!,!g& · X)!! ·

lI-. ↕ (interpolate) (fck : [MPa])

lI-. ↕ (interpolate) (fck : [psi])

X)!! 4 5 w 5 ·x y (combined reinforcement)

" 1 Q L 200⁄X)!! H 2,0 (deff : [mm])

[] 1,0 H 1 Q 0.5 · X)!! ·

[] 1,0 H 1 Q 0.0465 · X)!! ·