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› 
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Single phase induction type Watt-Hour meter

îc ›he two alternating fluxes produced by the voltage coil and the current coil interact
on the axially pivoted aluminum disk and produce a driving torque ›d
›d VI cos ë
Power in ac circuit

îc  control torque is obtained by employing a permanent magnet to act as an eddy

current break on the aluminum disk.
›c N
ngular speed of the disc

îc When the disc reaches its steady state speed Ns

›d = ›s
Ns VI cos ë
Speed of the disk Power in ac circuit
For a Period of ѽwe can write,
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à cc cccc
cë
à c
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cë
à c
cc

  c
cë
à    eter constant



 ›

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n = Number of Revolutions
› = ›otal time taken for revolutions
W = Wattage (Watt meter reading)

îc measured meter constant = Number of revolutions per kWh

= x 1000 x 3600
( / 1000) x (› / 3600) x›

( measured Value - Given Value)

îc ü Error in meter constant = x 100ü




Ac For the readings at 1 and zero phase angle

1
x 1000 x 3600 527 .859
measured meter constant = 155 x 44

(527.859 â 600.00)
ü Error in meter constant = x 100ü â12.02
600 .00

Similarly, we can calculate the error percentage for all values of current.

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30
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â30
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c c c c c c c
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 ›he graph of ü error vs current


    




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V



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In ac circuits, power in watts is the product of the potential in volts, the current in amperes
and the power factor. ›he basic unit of measurement for electric energy is the Watt-hour,
which is found by multiplying the watts of a circuit by the total time in hours during which
these watts are used in the circuit. ›he watt-hour meter is the device, which is used to
measure energy consumed in the electrical circuit.

›he watt-hour meter has some similarity to the wattmeter for it has current coils connected in
series with the load, and potential coil connected across the line voltage. ›he interacting
magnetic fields of the current and voltage coils produce in an armature a torque, which is
always proportional to the watts of the circuit. In the watt-hour meter the armature is a disc,
which rotates at a speed, which is proportional to the watts of the circuit. ›he rate of the
rotation of the disc corresponds to the power and the number of the revolutions of the disc
corresponds to the total energy used.

Construction.

›he principle parts of a single-phase watt-hour meter are the motor or electromagnetic
element, the magnetic breaking system, the register, the frame, the base complete with
terminal connections and the cover. ›he motor is an induction type. Its rotor is an luminum
disc mounted on a shaft, which is free to turn in bearings held in the metal frame.  worm or
pinion gear that drives the gear register is generally cut directly in the shaft. ›he rotor, in
some instance, may be magnetically suspended in which case guide pins maintain vertical
alignment of the shaft. In all cases the disc is mounted so that a portion of its rotates in the air
gap of the stator assembly or electromagnet. ›he electromagnet has two sets of winding
assembled on a laminated soft iron core. ›he potential coil winding, which is to be connected
across the source voltage, is high impedance winding of a many turns of fine wire. ›he
current coil winding, consisting of only a few turns of heavy wire, is connected in series with
the metered circuit. ›he core laminations are reverted together to form a rigid mechanical
structure in which definite alignment of the parts maintains the correct magnetic flux
distribution for consistent performance.

›he errors and adjustments

For the meter to read correctly, the speed of the disc must be proportional to the power in the
circuit in which the meter is connected, and to fulfill the condition:

(1) ›he torque due to the current generated in the disc by its rotation in the magnetic field of
the operating magnets must be negligibly in comparison with the operating torque;
(2) ›he friction must be compensated at all speeds; and
(3) ›he breaking torque must be directly proportional to the speed of the disc.

›he adjustment can be done by,

1.c Full load adjustment

2.c Light load adjustment
3.c Power factor compensation

Errors can be occur during the practical due to,

îc Internal resistance of connecting wires.

îc Human errors when adjusting the voltage and while taking the readings from the
ammeter and wattmeter.
îc Varying resistance of the rheostat throughout the practical due to heat generation with
time.
îc Errors of the used instruments.

We can increase the accuracy of results by increasing the number of revolutions consider in
the practical and by doing the practical several times for the same current value .
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