Basic and Tertiary Education in the Philippines

Reporter: Adrian Mangui-ob

Basic Education: The K-12 Basic Education Program

 Signed into law with the passage of the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013 (Republic
Act 10533). For reforming the curriculum and increasing number of years. Before kasi may
mga problems sa cur: ang Phils ang may pinakamaikling panahon sa edukasyon, curriculum
overcrowding, backlogs, skill gaps, poor quality of basic education.

 Covers Kindergarten and 12 years of basic education (six years of primary education, four
years of Junior High School, and two years of Senior High School [SHS]) to provide
sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills, develop lifelong learners, and prepare
graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills development, employment, and
entrepreneurship.

 The goal of the Enhanced K+12 Basic Education Program is to create a functional
basic education system that will produce productive and responsible citizens
equipped with the essential competencies and skills for both life-long learning and
employment.

(The K-12 Graduate from Powerpoint)

Implementation and Transition

- Show table ng proposed transition

The K-12 Curriculum

Kinder

 Became mandatory by SY 2012 – 2013

 Six domains: 1) values education, 2) physical health and motor development, 3) social and
emotional development, 4) cognitive development, 5) creative arts and 6) language literacy
and communication

Elementary Education

 Grades 1 - 6
 Compulsory and free
 Core subjects: 1) English, 2) Filipino, 3) Mathematics, 4) Science, 5) Araling Panlipunan, 6)
Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao 7) Music, Art, Physical Education and Health (MAPEH) and 8)
Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP / TLE)
 EPP / TLE is taught beginning Grade 4. Science, Grade 3. Science content such as the human
body and its development is also discussed in Health, Physical Education and Edukasyon sa
Pagpapakatao. Science topics like climate change, environmental sustainability are favorite
topics for writing and discussion in the Language classes. All these and more prove that
science is all over the curriculum even before it is taught formally as a separate subject in
Grade 3
 Mother Tongue as a subject is taught from Grades 1 to 3.

Secondary Education

 Free but not compulsory

 Meant to build on the foundation knowledge, skills and attitudes developed in the elementary
level and to discover and “enhance the aptitudes and interests of the student as to equip him
with skills for productive endeavor and/or prepare him for tertiary schooling.”
 Junior High School (Grades 7 – 10) and Senior High School (Grades 11 – 12)

Junior High School

 Core subjects in Junior High School: 1) English, 2) Filipino, 3) Mathematics, 4) Science, 5)

Araling Panlipunan, 6) Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao, 7) Music, Art, Physical Education and
Health (MAPEH), and 8) Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE)
 The TLE subjects are based on the Training Regulations from TESDA for the student to
obtain a National Certificate (NC). The student will take exploratory TLEs in Grades 7 – 8 in
order to pursue TLE specialization courses in Grades 9 – 10 before obtaining a COC
(Certificate of Competency) and NC.

Senior High School

 Specialized upper secondary education.

 Classes are divided into two: Core Curriculum Subjects and Track Subjects
 Core subjects in Senior High School: 1) Language, 2) Literature, 3) Communication, 4)
Mathematics, 5) Philosophy, 6) Natural Science, 7) Social Science, 8) PE and Health
Same contents and competencies but allowed contextualization depending on the
specialization
 Track Subjects: Applied or Contextualized Subjects and Specialization Subjects.
 SHS Applied Subjects: 1) English for Academic and Professional Purposes, 2) Practical
Research 1, 3) Practical Research 2, 4) Pagsulat sa Filipino sa Piling Larangan, 5)
Empowerment Technologies (E-Tech): ICT for Professional Tracks, 6) Entrepreneurship, 7)
Research Project / Culminating Activity
 Specific tracks: 1) Academic, 2) Technical-Vocational-Livelihood, 3) Arts and Design, 4)
Sports
TVL – technical and vocational skills: home economics, industrial arts, agricultural and
fishery arts, info and communications technology, maritime. Arts and design – particular
fields in media, entertainment and journalism, arts. Sports – physical educ and health.
 The academic track includes 4 strands: 1) Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM),
2) Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS), 3) Science, Technology, Engineering and
Mathematics (STEM), 4) General Academic Strand (GAS)
 ABM – business ad, economics, accountancy. HUMSS – mass communications, social
sciences, humanities, teacher education. STEM – sciences, maths, engg. GAS – not sure of
what field to pursue but will attend college

Tertiary Education
The revised General Education curriculum

 CHED Memorandum Order No. 20, Series of 2013

 Fewer units because of subjects already taken up in K-12 Senior High School.

General Education

 Portion of the curriculum common to all undergraduate students regardless of their major.
 Exposes them to various domains of knowledge and ways of comprehending social and
natural realities, developing in the process (from the CHED Memo):
 Intellectual competencies such as critical, analytical and creative thinking and multiple
forms of expression
 Civic capacities demanded of membership in the community, country and the world
 Lays the groundwork for the professionally, competent, humane and moral person. Prepares
the Filipino for the demands of the 21st century life…to anticipate and adapt to swiftly
changing conditions, to think innovatively, create solutions to problems.

Revised Core Courses

 Reduced to a minimum of 3 units: 24 units of core courses, 9 units of elective courses and 3
units on the life and works of Rizal.
GE Core Courses
General Education Electives

 Each elective course must qualify as a GE subject where it must: 1) Conform to the
philosophy and goals of G.E., 2) Apply an inter-disciplinary perspective, 3) Draw materials,
cases or examples from Philippine realities and experiences.

 Must cover at least two domains of knowledge (arts and humanities, social sciences and
philosophy, and science, technology and mathematics). Para magkaroon ng balance across
disciplines at ma-maintain yung well-rounded character ng GE. Although categorized sa iba’t
ibang domains, lumalampas sila sa mga borders.
Basic and Tertiary Education in the Philippines
Reporter: Adrian Mangui-ob

Basic Education: The K-12 Basic Education Program

 Signed into law with the passage of the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013 (Republic
Act 10533).

 Covers Kindergarten and 12 years of basic education (six years of primary education, four
years of Junior High School, and two years of Senior High School [SHS]) to provide
sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills, develop lifelong learners, and prepare
graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills development, employment, and
entrepreneurship.

 The goal of the Enhanced K+12 Basic Education Program is to create a functional
basic education system that will produce productive and responsible citizens
equipped with the essential competencies and skills for both life-long learning and
employment.

The K-12 Curriculum

Kinder

 Became mandatory by SY 2012 – 2013

 Six domains: 1) values education, 2) physical health and motor development, 3) social and
emotional development, 4) cognitive development, 5) creative arts and 6) language literacy
and communication

Elementary Education

 Grades 1 - 6
 Compulsory and free
 Core subjects: 1) English, 2) Filipino, 3) Mathematics, 4) Science, 5) Araling Panlipunan, 6)
Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao 7) Music, Art, Physical Education and Health (MAPEH) and 8)
Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP / TLE)
 EPP / TLE is taught beginning Grade 4. Science, Grade 3.
 Mother Tongue as a subject is taught from Grades 1 to 3.
Secondary Education

 Free but not compulsory

 Meant to build on the foundation knowledge, skills and attitudes developed in the elementary
level and to discover and “enhance the aptitudes and interests of the student as to equip him
with skills for productive endeavor and/or prepare him for tertiary schooling.”
 Junior High School (Grades 7 – 10) and Senior High School (Grades 11 – 12)

Junior High School

 Core subjects in Junior High School: 1) English, 2) Filipino, 3) Mathematics, 4) Science, 5)

Araling Panlipunan, 6) Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao, 7) Music, Art, Physical Education and
Health (MAPEH), and 8) Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE)
 The TLE subjects are based on the Training Regulations from TESDA for the student to
obtain a National Certificate (NC). The student will take exploratory TLEs in Grades 7 – 8 in
order to pursue TLE specialization courses in Grades 9 – 10 before obtaining a COC
(Certificate of Competency) and NC.

Senior High School

 Specialized upper secondary education.

 Classes are divided into two: Core Curriculum Subjects and Track Subjects
 Core subjects in Senior High School: 1) Language, 2) Literature, 3) Communication, 4)
Mathematics, 5) Philosophy, 6) Natural Science, 7) Social Science, 8) PE and Health
 Track Subjects: Applied or Contextualized Subjects and Specialization Subjects.
 SHS Applied Subjects: 1) English for Academic and Professional Purposes, 2) Practical
Research 1, 3) Practical Research 2, 4) Pagsulat sa Filipino sa Piling Larangan, 5)
Empowerment Technologies (E-Tech): ICT for Professional Tracks, 6) Entrepreneurship, 7)
Research Project / Culminating Activity
 Specific tracks: 1) Academic, 2) Technical-Vocational-Livelihood, 3) Arts and Design, 4)
Sports

 The academic track includes 4 strands: 1) Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM),
2) Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS), 3) Science, Technology, Engineering and
Mathematics (STEM), 4) General Academic Strand (GAS)
Tertiary Education
The Revised General Education Curriculum

 CHED Memorandum Order No. 20, Series of 2013

 Fewer units because of subjects already taken up in K-12 Senior High School.

General Education

 Portion of the curriculum common to all undergraduate students regardless of their major.
 Exposes them to various domains of knowledge and ways of comprehending social and
natural realities, developing in the process (from the CHED Memo):
 Intellectual competencies such as critical, analytical and creative thinking and multiple
forms of expression
 Civic capacities demanded of membership in the community, country and the world
 Lays the groundwork for the professionally, competent, humane and moral person. Prepares
the Filipino for the demands of the 21st century life…to anticipate and adapt to swiftly
changing conditions, to think innovatively, create solutions to problems.

Revised Core Courses

 Reduced to a minimum of 3 units: 24 units of core courses, 9 units of elective courses and 3
units on the life and works of Rizal.
GE Core Courses
General Education Electives

 Each elective course must qualify as a GE subject where it must: 1) Conform to the
philosophy and goals of G.E., 2) Apply an inter-disciplinary perspective, 3) Draw materials,
cases or examples from Philippine realities and experiences.

 Must cover at least two domains of knowledge (arts and humanities, social sciences and
philosophy, and science, technology and mathematics).
References:

https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/k-12/

http://www.ibe.unesco.org/curriculum/Asia%20Networkpdf/ndrepph.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0sj-
65Z3Kt2gpGn0RBZ6Vuj_AFR7ejUPXIpAU-UdB9xQ54UMvZkrl-tRw

http://ceap.org.ph/upload/download/20127/1612395658_1.pdf?fbclid=IwAR2xNsJX-
_uzsq86BnWpMkRoFxTKS4XTo7Nri4PQI2JL9OZoVFJQApcL_XA

http://www.ched.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/CMO-No.20-
s2013.pdf?fbclid=IwAR3gEaPRkVsXTaQBLW-
VAS5lYHZKejJe9lrXWdvmejASCyN1pa1ZKX9R9A0

https://chedk12.wordpress.com/transition-in-higher-education/?fbclid=IwAR0Fb0Gv3w-
f3xOmfXjBW03KXB8LCtWIKqcErPPTTG8XdCyaXPcVbsd81C4

https://www.ceap.org.ph/upload/download/201210/17115829500_1.pdf

https://www.slideshare.net/ramilgonzales2/learning-areask-to-12-kshs