Seizure - is a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain.

It can cause changes in

your behavior, movements or feelings, and in levels of consciousness. If you have two or more
seizures or a tendency to have recurrent seizures, you have epilepsy.

Types of Seizures and Their Symptoms

Focal seizures - These start in a particular part of your brain, and their names are based on
the part where they happen. They can cause both physical and emotional effects and make you
feel, see, or hear things that aren’t there. About 60% of people with epilepsy have this type of
seizure, which is sometimes called a partial seizure. Sometimes, the symptoms of a focal seizure
can be mistaken for signs of mental illness or another kind of nerve disorder.

Generalized seizures - These happen when nerve cells on both sides of your brain misfire.
They can make you have muscle spasms, black out, or fall. Seizures aren’t always an either-or
thing: Some people have seizures that start as one kind, then become another. And it’s not easy to
classify some of them: These are called unknown-onset seizures, and they can cause both sensory
and physical symptoms.

Six types of Generalized Seizures

 Tonic-clonic (or grand mal) seizures - These are the most noticeable. When you have
this type, your body stiffens, jerks, and shakes, and you lose consciousness. Sometimes
you lose control of your bladder or bowels. They usually last 1 to 3 minutes -- if they go on
longer, someone should call 911. That can lead to breathing problems or make you bite
your tongue or cheek.
 Clonic seizures - Your muscles have spasms, which often make your face, neck, and
arm muscles jerk rhythmically. They may last several minutes.
 Tonic seizures - The muscles in your arms, legs, or trunk tense up. These usually last
less than 20 seconds and often happen when you’re asleep. But if you’re standing up at the
time, you can lose your balance and fall. These are more common in people who have a
type of epilepsy known as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, though people with other types can
have them, too.
 Atonic seizures - Your muscles suddenly go limp, and your head may lean
forward. If you’re holding something, you might drop it, and if you’re standing,
you might fall. These usually last less than 15 seconds, but some people have
several in a row. Because of the risk of falling, people who tend to have atonic
seizures may need to wear something like a helmet to protect their heads.
 Myoclonic seizures - Your muscles suddenly jerk as if you’ve been shocked.
They may start in the same part of the brain as an atonic seizure, and some
people have both myoclonic and atonic seizures.
 Absence (or petit mal) seizures - You seem disconnected from others
around you and don’t respond to them. You may stare blankly into space, and
your eyes might roll back in your head. They usually last only a few seconds,
and you may not remember having one. They’re most common in children
under 14.
 Focal Seizures

 Simple focal seizures - They change how your senses read the world
around you: They can make you smell or taste something strange, and may
make your fingers, arms, or legs twitch. You also might see flashes of light or
feel dizzy. You’re not likely to lose consciousness, but you might feel sweaty or
nauseated.

 Complex focal seizures - These usually happen in the part of your brain
that controls emotion and memory. You may lose consciousness but still look
like you’re awake, or you may do things like gag, smack your lips, laugh, or cry.
It may take several minutes for someone who’s having a complex focal seizure
to come out of it.

 Secondary generalized seizures - These start in one part of your brain

and spread to the nerve cells on both sides. They can cause some of the same
physical symptoms as a generalized seizure, like convulsions or muscle
slackness.

What are the main cause of Siezure?

 Low oxygen during birth.
 Head injuries that occur during birth or from accidents during youth or adulthood.
 Brain tumors.
 Genetic conditions that result in brain injury, such as tuberous sclerosis.
 Infections such as meningitis or encephalitis.
cause of Seizures?
Seizures of all types are caused by disorganized and sudden electrical activity in the brain.
Causes of seizures can include: Abnormal levels of sodium or glucose in the blood. Brain
infection, including meningitis.

 Epileptic seizures - People with epilepsy have a type of brain dysfunction that
intermittently causes episodes of abnormal electrical activity. This can be caused by
any type of brain injury, such as trauma, stroke, brain infection, or a brain tumor. In
some individuals, epilepsy is an inherited condition. In many cases, the cause of
epileptic seizures is not clear.

 Provoked seizures – A similar type of abnormal electrical activity in the brain can be
caused by certain drugs, alcohol withdrawal, and other imbalances, such as a low
blood sugar. Seizures that are caused by problems like these are called "provoked"
seizures, and they do not usually occur again once the problem is remedied. People
with provoked seizures are not said to have epilepsy.

 Non epileptic seizures – Non epileptic seizures look like seizures, but are not
caused by abnormal brain activity. These seizures may be due to fainting spell, a
muscle disorder, or a psychological condition.
 How do you stop Seizure?

First Aid:

1. Keep other people out of the way.

2. Clear hard or sharp objects away from the person.
3. Don't try to hold her down or stop the movements.
4. Place her on her side, to help keep her airway clear.
5. Look at your watch at the start of the seizure, to time its length.
6. Don't put anything in her mouth.

What do you do when a person is having a seizure?

 Ease the person to the floor.
 Turn the person gently onto one side. ...
 Clear the area around the person of anything hard or sharp. ...
 Put something soft and flat, like a folded jacket, under his or her head.
 Remove eyeglasses.
How do you treat Seizure?
1. Carefully roll the person onto one side.
2. Place something soft under his or her head.
3. Loosen tight neckwear.
4. Avoid putting your fingers or other objects in the person's mouth.
5. Don't try to restrain someone having a seizure.
First aid treatment for Seizures?
 Stay calm.
 Look around - is the person in a dangerous place? If not, don't move them. ..
 Note the time the seizure starts.
 Stay with them.
 Cushion their head with something soft if they have collapsed to the ground.
 Don't hold them down.
 Don't put anything in their mouth.
 Check the time again.

What are the signs of having Seizure?

 losing consciousness, which is followed by confusion.
 having uncontrollable muscle spasms
 drooling or frothing at the mouth.
 falling.
 having a strange taste in your mouth.
 clenching your teeth.
 biting your tongue.
 having sudden, rapid eye movements.
