Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PROJECT REPORTON
by
May 2017
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M. A. Rangoonwala Institute of Hotel Management & Research
CERTIFICATE
Submitted by
is a bonafide work carried out by the student under the supervision of Prof. Vincent
Kedari and it is submitted towards the partial fulfillment of the requirement of Bachelor
of Science (Hospitality Studies) Project.
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Abstract
Tourism is a diverse industry which offers long-term career opportunities for enthusiastic
individuals who want to put their education and skills to work in various environments.
People in tourism may work indoors or outdoors, standard hours or on a flexible
schedule, seasonal jobs or all-year-round. It’s one of the most exciting and diverse
career paths out there.
The tourism industry can be divided into five career areas: accommodation, food and
beverage services, recreation and entertainment, transportation and travel services. All
of these areas involve providing services to people who visit India from other parts of
the country and the world
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Acknowledgments
I would like to take this opportunity to thank my guide Prof. Vincent Kedari for giving me
all the help and guidance I needed. I am really grateful to them for their kind support.
Their valuable suggestions were very helpful.
In the end our special thanks to the staff of Hotel Management Department, MARIHMR
for providing various resource such as laboratory with all needs of platforms,continuous
Internet connection, for Our Project
Anurag Upadhyay
(S.Y. B.Sc.HS)
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INDEX
1. Aims and objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . ….. . . . . .. 6
2. Synopsis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ….. . . . . 7
a. Project Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
b. Project Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
c. Internal Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
d. Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
e. Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .8
f. Goals and Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
g. Explanation of terms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
3. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ……... . . . . . .13
a. Objectives of the Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
b. History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .18
c. Data Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .18
4. Research Methodology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ………….. .36
a. Determining the type of Research. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
b. Sources of Data used for conducting the Research.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...37
c. Instruments for Data Collection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
5. Data Analysis and Data Interpretation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
a. Data Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
b. Data Interpretation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
6. Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . ……. . …. .57
7. Annexure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . ….. . . …… .59
8. Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . ….. ..….. . .. .61
9. Questionnaire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . …... . . . ….. . . ..64
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AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT REPORT
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CHAPTER 1
SYNOPSIS
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1.1 Project Title
Career opportunities in Tourism Industry
1.3 Guide
Prof. Vincent Kedari
1.5 Abstract
Tourism is a diverse industry which offers long-term career opportunities for
enthusiastic individuals who want to put their education and skills to work in
various environments. People in tourism may work indoors or outdoors,
standard hours or on a flexible schedule, seasonal jobs or all-year-round. It’s
one of the most exciting and diverse career paths out there.
The tourism industry can be divided into five career areas: accommodation,
food and beverage services, recreation and entertainment, transportation and
travel services. All of these areas involve providing services to people who
visit India from other parts of the country and the world
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1.6 Goals and Objectives
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primary point of contact for customers, they must maintain a professional
demeanor and be knowledgeable about the business’s products and services.
Counter clerk positions are generally entry-level jobs and require little to no
formal education or prior experience. Most training occurs on the job under the
guidance of more experienced employees, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics. Candidates should have strong communication skills and a working
knowledge of basic mathematics and money handling.Counter clerks typically
work in part-time positions and maintain a varied work schedule that may include
evening, weekend and holiday hours to meet the needs of a business's
customers.
Junior Executive
One of a junior executive’s primary functions is that of an administrative assistant
to higher-ranking executives in a company. Depending on the industry, this may
include speaking with customers, scheduling appointments, bookkeeping, billing
or keeping a website updated. You may be asked to attend meetings for
bookkeeping purposes such as presenting information or taking minutes, but
some companies encourage junior executives to make suggestions and
otherwise participate in meetings.
Regional Manager
Regional managers are in charge of multiple stores throughout a large physical
area. Depending on how the company operates, a regional manager may be in
charge of stores in one county or across multiple states. Regional managers
determine the operational practices of all stores in the area, making sure each
runs smoothly, cleanly, complies with marketing and sales campaigns and meets
budget and sales goals.
infrastructural support
Services and supplies needed to sustain an organization in its day to day
operations, such as communications, labor, power, transport, water.
Accommodation Operation
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Accommodation Operation is defined as ‘an establishment that provide facilities
and services for sleep, rest, relaxation and entertainment for people who are
temporarily away from their usual place of residence or work, in return for a fee’.
Broadbasing
Broadbasing is a process through which an increasing number of social groups
enter the mainstream of social, political and economic activities and
progressively derive the same advantages from the society as the groups already
in the mainstream.
Indian Institute of Public Administration
IIPA is an Indian institute which enhances the frontiers of knowledge in public
policy and governance through applied research and education as well as
training of administrators to serve the people of India.
Maîtres d'hôtel and hosts
master of hotel, manages the public part, or "front of the house", of a formal
restaurant. The responsibilities of a maître d'hôtel generally include supervising
the waiting staff, welcoming guests and assigning tables to them, taking
reservations and ensuring that guests are satisfied.
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CHAPTER 2
INTRODUCTION
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Travel and Tourism one of the world's largest foreign exchange earner among
industries, provides employment directly to millions of people worldwide and
indirectly through many associated service industries. A very wide industry, it
includes Government tourism departments, Immigration and customs services,
travel agencies, airlines, tour operators, hotels etc. and many associated service
industries such as airline catering or laundry services, Guides, Interpreters,
Tourism promotion and sales etc. Travel and Tourism enterprises include major
internationals with a workforce of thousands, to the small private travel agent
with a handful of employees.
Work in the travel and tourism industry is essentially concerned with providing
services for people who are away from home, on business or holiday. Travel can
be leisure travel involving package tours, pilgrim travel, adventure travel etc. or
purely business. Work at every functional level in the industry involves dealing
directly with people. Travel agents assess the needs of tourists and
businessmen and help them make the best possible travel arrangements from
the many travel options available. Also, many major cruise lines, resorts, and
specialty travel groups use travel agents to promote travel packages to the
millions of people who travel every year.
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terms of general background, how to get there connections by air, rail and road
and the facilities available.
In India, Travel and tourism, as an industry, has been somewhat slower to take
off than in many other places. However, with increasing worldwide interest in
travel, and with the Government's encouragement of its acti vities, it is
undergoing massive expansion and improvement. This forecasts a bright future
for all those who choose to make a career of travel and tourism. Young people
with drive and a capacity for hard work can rise to top positions very quickly in
travel and tourism or even head their own agencies. A job in the industry gives
good returns as well as perks including opportunity to see many locales at low
prices.
i. Operational Positions
These usually involve direct contact with tourists and are often the first step in a
lifetime career. Sample jobs include:
iv. Executives
Executives are often responsible for several departments or divisions and usually
work at a regional, national or international level. They are responsible for
strategic planning and have significant budget responsibility. Sample jobs
include:
Hotel General Manager
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Regional Manager of Restaurant Chain
Tour Company President
Convention Centre Executive Director
CEO of Destination Marketing Organization (e.g. Tourism India)
There are also many opportunities for entrepreneurs in the tourism industry. Whether
you’re looking to open a resort, an eco-tourism outfit, an adventure operation or a bed
and breakfast, the incredible growth of tourism in India means plenty of business
opportunities for the entrepreneurial minded.
Salary ranges in tourism jobs depend on the type of job you’re doing, the amount of
education and training required, and your experience level. Keep in mind that many
people in tourism careers also make tips on top of their salary. Also, 77% of Indian
tourism organizations offer extended health care, 74% offer employees life insurance,
73% offer long-term disability and 81% offer dental care.
Here are a few sample average wages for various tourism positions in India:
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Housekeeping Room Attendant Rs.100.25 – Rs.160.75 / hr
2.2 History
1. What is TOURISM?
Tourism is a dynamic and competitive industry that requires the ability to adapt
constantly to customers' changing needs and desires, as the customer’s
satisfaction, safety and enjoyment are particularly the focus of tourism
businesses.
2. TOURISM encompasses:
Outbound Tourism
Outbound tourism is what you may be most familiar with. It involves the
people going from British Columbia to other provinces, territories or
countries. For example, going to Hawaii for a holiday is considered
outbound tourism.
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Inbound Tourism
The tourists coming to BC from other places are called inbound tourists.
BC competes in a global market to attract tourists from the United States,
Japan, Germany and many other countries. The industry also implements
marketing campaigns aimed at attracting travellers from other parts of
India, as well as from within British Columbia.
Domestic Tourism
Approximately half of the tourists in BC each year are actually from within
the province. BC Stats and Destination BC consider those travelling
beyond their usual environment (typically more than 80 km from home) for
business or for pleasure to be tourists.
3. TOURISM Sectors
There are different ways to measure the size of the tourism industry, as
tourism does not conform to the usual ways that industries are defined,
such as manufacturing, forestry and other industries. Tourism constitutes
a wide variety of sectors that provide diverse products and services to
visitors. However, these businesses also provide products and services to
local residents.
The tourism and hospitality industry in India employs more than 274,000
people on a full year equivalent basis, in diverse sectors such as
transportation, travel services, recreation and entertainment,
accommodation and food and beverage services. The industry represents
approximately 12% of the total workforce. Of these 274,000 workers,
approximately half (127,500) are employed directly as the result of the
$14.6 billion in tourism revenue in the province each year.
When describing the “tourism industry,” we include all workers, because
this is the number of people who need to be recruited and trained to
support the businesses that serve both tourists and local residents.
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Economic reports may focus more on the 127,500 jobs created by direct
tourism spending for different purposes. Both figures are correct.
Educational
There are graduate level, postgraduate level, diploma and certification
courses available to pursue in the industry. The post-graduate degree
awarded is Master of Tourism Administration (MTA), which is a two year full
time programme approved by the Ministry of Tourism, Govt. of India. The
Indian Institution of Tourism and Travel Management and some universities
offer MTA degree in Tourism. A Post graduate degree can be helpful in
getting into managerial and administrative positions in the industry.
International Air transport Association (IATA), a World Organization which
provides recognized standard in training to travel, tourism and cargo industry,
offers certification courses. Several large travel agencies also offer short -
term training programmes, and tend to absorb most of the candidates.
The eligibility for admission to Travel and Tourism courses at the undergraduate
level is, higher secondary examination pass. At post-graduate level, eligibility is
graduation in any field along with a pass in the entrance test followed by group
discussions and interview conducted by the institute. Proficiency in at least one
foreign language is preferred. A diploma in public relations or advertising is
helpful from the career point of view. It is also possible to gain these
qualifications through correspondence courses. Eligibility for certification
courses is 10+2.
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Information assistants at the office of the Tourism departments are selected
through competitive examinations held by the Staff Selection Commission. The
eligibility is graduation with knowledge of Indian history, art and architecture,
besides proficiency in English. These vacancies are advertised through the
employment news.
Duration: The duration of training varies between one and two years, depending
on the course. For certification courses the duration maybe below one year.
Personal Attributes:
Good communication and presentation skills is essential in the industry
where service to the customer is of utmost importance. An outgoing, friendly
personality; ability to handle people, verbal fluency, aptitude for languages
will be advantageous to be successful in the field. One should also have a n
up-to-date knowledge of available facilities and services in the field. In the
administrative or managerial level, organizing ability, an ability to make
decisions, solve problems, work effectively within a team will be essential.
Being a very wide field, the scope of employment in tourism sector is very bright
and the potential is still largely untapped. Career opportunities exist both in the
public and private sector. In the public sector, there are opportunities in the
Directorates and Departments of Tourism of the center and the state as Officers,
information assistants, Tourist guides etc. Another good prospectus for qualified
tourism professionals are in the private sector with travel agencies, tour
operators, airlines, hotels, transport and cargo companies etc. The opening up
of the skies to private airlines and their emerging tie -ups with foreign airlines
has removed bottlenecks in the transport and communication network resulting
in easy flow of domestic and foreign tourists in the country. Since this is a new
area of employment, not many qualified and experienced people are available
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and the promotion prospectus are also very bright and rapid. After a few years
of experience, one can also start their own business by handling all travel
requirements of a client and gradually building up business, taking on additional
employees.
There are graduate level, postgraduate level, diploma and certification courses
available to pursue in the Travel and Tourism industry as listed below,
Career Options
I. Tourism Department:
In the Tourism Department there are jobs as Reservation & counter staff, Sales
and marketing staff, Tour Planners and Tour guides. Officers in the Directorate
and Departments of Tourism are recruited from among the candidates wh o have
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done civil service, drawn from the Civil/administrative services of the State and
Central governments. They are involved in the planning and promotion of
tourism activities. A degree in travel and tourism is required for operational jobs
in government organizations. Information assistants at the office of the Tourism
departments are selected through competitive examinations held by the Staff
Selection Commission. The eligibility is graduation with knowledge of Indian
history, art and architecture, besides proficiency in English. These vacancies are
advertised through the employment news. Information Assistants give out
information regarding tourist spots and services available and help to plan the
itinerary of the tourists. The Ministry of Tourism recognizes three types of
guides, regional, state and local. A regional guide gets a two year renewable
license from the Ministry of Tourism endorsed for life by the Archeological
Survey of India. Guides give detailed information on the various monuments and
artifacts and about the countries traditions and heritage.
II. Airlines:
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Tour operators organize conducted tours to the various tourist spots and
manage the travel and stay of the tourists. There are many companies operating
tours for the domestic as well as the international tourist. Some may be for the
usual destinations like hill stations but others are for unusual activities like river
rafting, hang gliding, rock climbing and camping. Tour operators need people for
selling the concept and then to accompany the groups to the destinations. For
foreign groups, the agencies prefer girls, who are frien dly and helpful. For
domestic groups, males are preferred. Again, the qualities required are a
pleasing and outgoing personality, knowledge of the activities and often
participating in them with the tourists. A person hoping to work with a tour
operator must be able to travel with the groups and know people at the
destinations to make the tours pleasant for the client. Though one may do a
course of tourist guide for this purpose, people with a knowledge of the activities
can easily join as tour operators. The jobs could be seasonal in some cases.
Travel agents assess the needs of tourists and businessmen and help them
make the best possible travel arrangements from the many travel options
available. Many resorts, travel groups use travel agents to promote their tour
packages to travelers. They deal with almost everything connected with travel
including the shortest route to the destination, travel mode, the important
documents that will be required (visa, passport, vaccination certificates etc.),
suitable places to stay, current exchange rates, tourist attractions to visit,
climate and they will plan the trip keeping in mind the clients' preferences,
budgets and special needs. In travel agencies there are openings for reservation
and counter staff, Sales and Marketing staff, Tour escorts and tour operators,
cargo and courier agencies etc. A short term course or a diploma in travel and
ticketing of 3-6 months duration will help gain entry into an agency. Several
large travel agencies also offer short-term training programs, and tend to absorb
most of the candidates. Some agencies take in fresh graduates and train them
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on the job. Most travel agencies demands persons have a pleasing personality
and the ability to deal with customers. A knowledge of destinations and
procedures help a great deal.
V. Travel Counselor:
A travel counselor works right at the front and provides complete guidance on
travel. He ensures best value out of individual and group bookings. A Travel
Counselor also provides destination guidance and direction on accommodation,
transport and costs. He must also handle all ticket and hotel reservations and
arrange for travel insurance. Additional responsibilities include destination
promotion, foreign exchange and selling of tour packages.
There are two types of travel counselors, the first provide services for corporate
tourism and the second specialize in leisure tourism.
A Travel Counsellor spends a good deal of his time in client servicing, ticketing
and reservations.
VI. Hotels:
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VII. Transport:
Besides airlines, Travel facilities include rail services, coach operators, car hire
companies, etc. Whatever that takes Tourists from one place to another - by air,
road, railway, sea etc. comes under Travel and tourism. Tourist use a lmost all
these travel facilities.
6. TOURISM: Remuneration
Jobs in the travel and tourism industry offer good remuneration and perquisites,
which include free travel for employees and their families. Salaries may vary
within the industry and are higher in foreign airlines and agencies.
AssistantRs. 2,000-2,500
General ManagerRs.5,000-6,000
Regional guidesTheir charges may range from Rs. 400 and above for an eight
hour day. They may earn between Rs. 30,000-40,000 or more in the three to
four months of the tourist peak season.
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7. Tourism Industry in Hotel Management
It has been the endeavor of the Ministry of Tourism to put in place a system of training
and professional education with necessary infrastructural support capable of generating
manpower sufficient to meet the needs of the tourism and hospitality industry, both
quantitatively and qualitatively. As of now, there are 29 Institutes of Hotel Management
(IHMs), comprising 21 Central IHMs and 8 State IHMs, and 5 Food Craft Institutes
(FCIs), which have come up with the support of the Ministry. These institutes were set
up as autonomous societies with specific mandate to impart / conduct hospitality
education / training in hospitality skills.
For steering and regulating the academic efforts of the IHMs and FCIs, the Ministry had
set up, in 1982, the National Council for Hotel Management and Catering Technology
(NCHMCT). The mandate of the NCHMCT is to coordinate the growth and general
advancement in the development of hospitality management education through its
affiliated Institutes. The Council undertakes recruitment; itsjurisdiction extends over a
wide range of administrative matters including admission, fees, bye-laws, syllabus for
studies, courses, research and examinations, results; regulating building plans and
equipment , training, publishing periodicals, magazines, etc.; as also carrying out of
such government approvedactivities as prescribed from time to time. The NCHMCT is
also the affiliating body and the 29 IHMs and 5 FCIs that have come up with the support
of Ministry are affiliated to it for admissions
and regulations of examination. The NCHMCT has been given the mandate to affiliate private
IHMs. As of now, 12 private Institutes are affiliated to the NCHMCT.
The NCHMCT also conducts Joint Entrance Examination (JEE) on all-India basis for admission
to the 1st year of the 3-year B.Sc. programme in Hospitality and Hotel Administration for its
affiliated institutes.
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Admission to M.Sc. in Hospitality Administration is centrally carried out by the Council. In the
case of other courses, i.e. P.G. Diploma in Accommodation Operation; P.G. Diploma in Dietetics
and Hospital Food Service; Diploma in Food Production; Diploma in Food and Beverage
Service; Diploma in House Keeping Operation; Diploma in Bakery and Confectionery,
Craftsmanship Course in Food and Beverage Service and Certificate Course in Hotel and
Catering Management, admission is directly carried out by the respective Institutes as per
eligibility criteria prescribed by the National Council for each of the courses.
Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management (IITTM), set up in 1983, is a pioneer
in the field of travel and tourism education and training for providing specialized training
and education for tourism and travel industry both in the private and public sector. The
Institute had organized a Syllabus Review Workshop from 16th-18th October, 2006 at
Delhi, and based on the recommendations of the Workshop, the Institute decided to
offer the following All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) approved
programmes with an intake of 60 students each at Gwalior, Bhubaneswar and Delhi
centres:
i. Two-year Post Graduate Diploma in Management (Tourism and Travel)from Gwalior and
Bhubaneswar.
ii. Two-year Post Graduate Diploma in Management (International Business) from Gwalior
and Bhubaneswar
iii. Two-year Post Graduate Diploma in Management (Service Sector) from Gwalior.
iv. Two-year Post Graduate Diploma in Management (Tourism and Leisure) from Delhi.
In order to tap the potential that India’s coastline offers for water based and adventure sports,
the Ministry had established the National Institute of Water Sports (NIWS in Goa) on the beach
of Panjim. The administrative control of NIWS stands entrusted to the IITTM.
The Ministry has also decided to mainstream hospitality education through Government
vocational schools, Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs), polytechnic institutes,
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Government colleges, Universities and Public Sector Undertakings. The Central
assistance will be available to all. The assistance will be utilized for creation of
infrastructure necessary for the conduct of courses / trainings.
Capacity Building
For upgrading the skills and capacity building of service providers of the Industry, the
Ministry commenced the scheme of Capacity Building for Service Providers, under
which, trainings are undertaken to cover a widerange of services like health & personal
hygiene, cleanliness, basic service techniques, cooking techniques, garbage disposal,
etiquette and basic manners, basic nutrition values, energy saving and nutrition saving
techniques, guide training etc. It, inter-alia, covers service providers such as
coollies/servers/waiters/helpers/front office staff/reception counter staff/food kiosk and
dhaba staff/personnel engaged in handling tourists, airport security staff, immigration
officials and custom officers.
In view of the response to the Programme, it was extended to enlist more institutes as
implementing agencies, to eventually reach out to people in much larger numbers. This
extension of the Programme will be actualized through an active involvement of the
State Governments and U.T. Administrations.
Encouraged by the response to this Programme, it was decided to add 7 more IHMs, at
Jaipur, Gandhi Nagar, Srinagar, Chandigarh, Dehradun, Bhopal and Guwahati, as the
skill testing centres.
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d. Training of Teachers of IHMs and FCIs
With a view to upgrading the skill and enlarging the vision of the teachers in the IHMs,
FCIs and IITTM, the Ministry organized the training of 46 teachers during the year. The
training included study visits to certain hospitality institutes of repute in other countries.
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conducted on weekly basis. Each course will be of 3 days duration and take 40 trainees.
This Programme complements the Programme for taxi drivers launched earlier.
Here is a list of top 10 tourism and travel companies in India; these are the
best companies in travel and hospitality sector providing various travel
resources which includes international and domestic hotel bookings, hotel
packages, flight, train and bus tickets etc. Ranking process of these top
travel companies in India is frequently being updated by our expert team.
1. MakeMyTrip
Corporate office - Gurgaon, Haryana | Establishment - 2000 |
Business - Online Travel Company | Website - www.makemytrip.com |
MakeMyTrip.com has revolutionized the travel industry in India. Founded in the
year 2000 makemytrip is an online travel company offering domestic and
international travel services which comprises of flight, train and bus tickets,
holiday packages, hotel reservations and other products and services.
2. Thomas Cook
Corporate office - London, UK | Establishment - 1881|
Business - Tourism | Website - www.thomascook.in |
Thomas Cook (India) Ltd is one of the leading travel companies in India
operating in more than 98 cities and the worldwide offices are located in Sri
Lanka and Mauritius. Services offered by Thomas Cook includes MICE,
Corporate Travel Management, Foreign Exchange, Insurance, Leisure Travel
and E-Business. Thomas Cook has been awarded the Most Trusted Brand in
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travel services by The Brand Trust Report™ and has won many prestigious
awards in travel category.
4. Yatra
Corporate office - Gurgaon, Haryana | Establishment - 2006 |
Business - Online Travel company | Website - www.yaatra.co.in |
Yatra.com is India’s premium tour operator offering all travel related services and
products. It is one of the best travel companies in India providing all the
information, availability, pricing details and bookings of domestic and
international hotels, packages, train, flights and car rentals across 336 cities.
5. SOTC
Corporate office – Mumbai, Maharashtra | Establishment – 1949 |
Business – Tourism | Website – www.sotc.in |
India’s leading online travel company SOTC is Kuoni India’s travel brand. SOTC
is among the top 10 travel companies in India having expertise in Escorted
Tours, and Domestic Holidays, Free Individual Travel, Corporate tours, Trade
Fair Tours and Customized Holidays.
6. Goibibo
Corporate office - Gurgaon, Haryana | Establishment - 2009 |
Business - Travel & hospitality | Website - www.goibibo.com |
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Goibibo.com a MIG Group company established in 2009 has overpowered its
competitors to emerge as one among the best travel companies in India. The
one-stop online travel company features various travel services and products
which allows the user to explore the largest range of destinations and hotels with
the world’s leading online travel company.
7. Expedia
Corporate office – Bellevue, Washington, U.S.| Establishment – 1996
Business – Online Travel Company | Website – www.expedia.co.in |
Expedia, Inc. enables travelers to buy air tickets, hotels and holiday packages in
any part of the world all from one place. Unlike other travel companies in India
Expedia offers more than 75000 hotels and over 3000 holiday packages with
additional features wherein a user can check the map and weather forecasts of
the destination.
8. Cleartrip
Corporate office – Mumbai, Maharashtra | Establishment – 2006 |
Business – Online Travel Company | Website – www.cleartrip.com |
Cleartrip.com is an online travel company headquartered in Mumbai. Cleartrip
provides online travel services which includes and international holiday
packages, reservations, rail tickets, flight tickets and bus tickets. Cleartrip is rated
one of the reliable online travel companies in India.
9. Travelguru
Corporate office – Mumbai, Maharashtra | Establishment – 2005 |
Business – Online travel agency | Website – www.travelguru.com |
Since 2005 Travelguru.com has been facilitating its customers to make wise
decisions and smart travel plans by giving users access to various deals on
airlines and hotels worldwide. Travelguru offers the facility to book and explore
air tickets, hotel rooms, cruises and vacation packages more conveniently and
securely.
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10. Akbar Travels Of India Pvt Ltd.
Corporate office – Mumbai, Maharashtra | Establishment – 2007 |
Business – | Website – www.akbartravelsonline.com |
Akbar Travels has become one of the reputed travel agency in India in terms of
the largest number of IATA approved Branches. It has a online portal
Akbartravelsonline.com which assists its users to book domestic and
international flight and rail tickets and hotels at low costs.
Both primary and secondary data were used, i.e. triangulation / dual methodology, to
conduct the research. The sources were considered, on which to base and confirm the
research and findings.
1. interview
2. observation
3. action research
4. case studies
5. histories
6. questionnaires
Secondary data was obtained from already existing data, using the following
sources, i.e.
1. Previous research
2. Official statistics
3. Mass media products
4. Government reports
5. Web information
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CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
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Research Methodology
Research methodology process used for this research includes a number of activities to
be performed. These were arranged in proper sequence of timing for conducting
research. One activity after another was performed to complete the research work.
Research methodology used for this research includes the following steps:
a. Primary Data
Primary data was information collected by the researcher specifically for the
research assignment. Primary data was gathered for the purpose of research
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and allowed to compile and publish the information, which no one had compiled
or published, in a forum accessible to the public. The data gathered here is
original in nature and directly related to the problem and current data, so the
degree of accuracy is very high.
Also, a number of other ways were used to collect the data like interviews, telephone,
surveys, focus groups etc. It also was collected from across the national borders
through emails and posts. It included a large population and wide geographical
coverage.
Moreover, primary data collected is of current times and gave a realistic view to the
researcher about the topic under consideration.
Reliability of primary data was very high because these were collected by the
concerned and reliable party.
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iv. With more people, time and efforts involvement the cost of the data collection
went high. The importance of the research sometimes was compromised.
v. In some primary data collection methods there was no control over the data
collection.
vi. Incomplete questionnaire always gave a negative impact on research.
vii. Trained persons were required for data collection. Inexperienced person in
data collection gave inadequate data for the research.
b. Secondary Data
Secondary data was collected by a party not related to the research study but which
had collected this data for some other purpose and at different time in the past. The
researcher used these data hence it became secondary data for the researcher. These
data were available in written, typed or in electronic forms. A variety of secondary
information sources were available to gather data on an industry, potential product
applications and the market place. Secondary data was also used to gain initial insight
into the research problem. Secondary data was classified in terms of its source – either
internal or external. Internal, or in-house data, was secondary information acquired
within the organization where research was carried out. External secondary data was
obtained from outside sources.
The data was collected from Official statistics, cheese industry reports, Web
information, Historical data and information.
It gave a frame of mind for the research that in which direction one should go for the
specific research.
The secondary data saved time, efforts and money and added to the value of the
research study.
a. Questionnaire
In our Questionnaire a set of questions were prepared to ask a number of questions and
collect answers from respondents relating to the research topic. A number of questions
usually in printed or electronic form were answered by the individuals. The forms had
blank spaces in which the answers can be written. Sets of such forms were distributed
to groups and the answers were collected relating to research topic. A questionnaire
consisted of a series of questions asked to individuals to obtain statistically useful
information about a given topic.
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2. make data comparable and amenable to analysis,
3. minimize bias in formulating and asking question, and
4. make questions engaging and varied.
For our study purpose a set of questions has been prepared to collect information
relating to the topic of the study. In this study a structured questionnaire has been used
with different types of questions such as closed ended and open ended. Special case
has been taken to select the scales for the questions for collection of responses very
effectively.
c. Mail
For collection of data from the respondents who are located at a long distance and do
not have any communication facility. They were contacted through mailed
questionnaire. Only thing required was that the researcher has the postal addresses of
the respondents. The questionnaire may be handed to the respondents or mailed to
them, but in all cases they are returned to the researcher via mail. The cost involved
was very less but no clarification can be given to the respondents if required.
Respondents can answer at their own convenience. The respondents cannot be biased
by the researchers and the detail information can be collected for the research purpose.
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Only one disadvantage this instrument gives is that the response rate is very less due to
lack of interest in the topic of respondents and low literacy rate.
d. Interview
In this method the interviewer personally met the informants and asked necessary
questions to them regarding the subject of enquiry. Usually a set of questions or a
questionnaire is carried by him and questions are also asked according to that. The
interviewer efficiently collects the data from the informants by cross examining them.
The interviewer must be very efficient and tactful to get the accurate and relevant data
from the informants. Interviews like personal interview/depth interview or telephone
interview can be conducted as per the need of the study.
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CHAPTER 4
DATA ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION
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4.1 Data Analysis
In 2011, total tourism sector employment accounted for 10.3% of all employment
in India. The food and beverage services industry group accounted for the larges
t proportion of employment in the tourism sector (47.9%), followed by Recreation
and Entertainment (21.7%). The largest proportion of tourism sector employment
was in Delhi (37.6%), followed by Mumbai (22.0%) and Rajasthan (16.4%).
Of India’s main Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs), Delhi accounts for the
largest proportion of tourism employment overall and within each industry group.
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Table 2 ‐ Tourism Employment in Indian Census Statewise in 2011 (by Industry Group)
Jammu &
Kashmir 1.4% 1.4% 1.3% 1.3% 1.5% 1.5%
Andhra
-Pradesh 3.4% 3.0% 3.7% 3.1% 3.3% 3.3%
Total
Employed 1,656,940 184,835 793,380 358,980 271,500 48,245
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Size of Tourism Sector Businesses
Businesses with no more than four employees dominated the tourism sector in 2011
(43.9%). Almost eight in ten (78.8%) tourism sector businesses that reported to the
Indian Business Register indicated they had less than twenty employees. This is
slightly lower than the Indian economy as a whole, which reported having 86.8% of
businesses in this category. It is interesting to note that the proportion of tourism
businesses with 20‐ 99 employees was larger than the proportion in India as a whole.
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occupations found in all industries of the tourism sector by a number of demographic
characteristics. The occupations described in this document reflect 77.1% of
employment in the tourism sector.
Bus drivers and subway and other transit operators 66,930 4.0%
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Hotel front desk clerks 21,935 1.3%
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Conference and event planners 2,430 0.1%
Businesses in the sector not only provide services for tourists, but also for locals who
use neighborhood restaurants and entertainment venues. For statistical measurement,
there is a difference between tourism demand created by locals and spending by
anIndian tourist or a visitor from another country. However, from the point of view of the
business owner, all of these people are customers who require memorable and
exceptional service.
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The Indian Tourism Satellite Account reports “tourism employment” as the number of
jobs directly attributable to tourism demand, or spending by domestic and foreign
tourists. According to the National Tourism Indicators, there were 633,700 tourism jobs
in 2011.However, from a human resource perspective, when hiring, or training, the
employer does not think about which of their employees serve visitors. Thus, this
document looks at “total tourism sector employment”—the total number of people
working in the sector, regardless of whether their employment is attributable to tourist or
the local resident spending.
In 2011, total tourism sector employment in India was 1.66 million people, which
represented 10.3% of all employment in India. The largest industry was food and
beverage services, which engaged 47.9% of all tourism employees. Not surprisingly, the
four occupations employing the largest numbers of tourism workers were those
associated with food and beverage services. Food counter attendants and kitchen
helpers accounted for 13.6% of all tourism employment, followed by food and beverage
servers (10.7%), cooks (8.5%), and restaurant and food service managers (5.5%).
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Despite the fact that tourism may still be considered a “young” industry in terms of the
people it employs, the number of older workers is increasing. For example, the
proportion of people working in accommodations who were 45 years or older increased
by 8.7% since 2001. For the sector as a whole, the number of workers aged 45 years
and older increased by 4.5% between 2001 and 2011.
In 2011, the Indian labour force was 53.1% male and 46.9% female. By contrast, the
tourism sector was comprised of 47.7% males and 52.3% females. The
accommodations and food and beverage service industry groups employed larger
proportions of female workers, at 61.4% and 59.6% respectively. The gap was even
greater in the travel services industry where 70.5% of workers were female. At the other
end of the spectrum was the transportation industry group, which had a predominantly
male workforce (71.9%). Within transportation, school and employee bus transportation
was the only industry that employed a greater share of women than men. Unlike the
other industry groups, gender distribution in recreation and entertainment mirrored the
overall labour force.
Equity groups were better represented in the tourism sector labour force (41.5%) than
the overall Indian economy (35.2%). However, in terms of the mother tongue of its
employees, the tourism sector was reflective of the Indian labour force as a whole. Six
in ten (60.1%) tourism sector workers’ first language is English, compared to 58.9% of
the total labour force.
Within the industry groups, Travel Services had the highest percentage of its workforce
born outside of India (33.3%) as well as the highest percentage of workers whose
mother tongue is neither English nor Hindi (28.1%). Food and beverage services had
the largest share of visible minorities (27.6%).
Overall, the seasonal nature of the tourism sector can be seen in its employment
patterns. The sector (48.3%) employed less people in full‐year positions than the Indian
economy (61.6%). Although part‐time jobs were prevalent in the sector (38.6%), more
than six in ten (61.4%) tourism employees worked full‐time. There was great variability
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in the work patterns of each industry group. For example, the transportation and travel
services industries were most likely to employ people on a full‐time/full‐year basis
(56.7% and 53.4% respectively), while businesses within the recreation and
entertainment group were most likely to employ workers on a part‐year basis (58.1%).
Within the industry groups, food and beverage service providers were more likely to
employ workers on a part‐time/full‐year basis (15.6%).
The tourism sector in India faces many challenges attracting and retaining its workers.
These include competition for labour, both within the sector and from other areas of the
economy, falling birth rates, misperceptions about tourism occupations, and the aging of
the baby boomer population. It is expected that India’s tourism sector could face a
cumulative shortage of over 95,000 full‐year jobs by 2015. And, as tourism continues to
grow in India, it will become more and more difficult to ensure an adequate supply of
labour.
The aim of this report is to provide pertinent information on the tourism sector’s labour
force, in order to inform proactive human resource decisions. In the future, tourism
employers will have to continue to seek workers outside the youth labour pool, and work
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to make tourism careers more attractive. The sector already employs a higher share of
equity groups than the Indian economy as a whole, and its share of workers aged 45
years and older is increasing. Notwithstanding economic downturns, the tourism sector
has grown year over year. If the sustainability of the sector is to continue, there must be
ongoing improvement in the quality of the tourism labour force, and increasing flexibility
on the part of businesses to meet changing competitive demands.
AGE
15‐24 years old 15.0% 32.8% 22.8% 48.1% 27.3% 5.4% 11.8%
25‐34 years old 19.9% 18.5% 19.9% 17.8% 20.7% 15.5% 24.6%
35‐44 years old 24.6% 18.6% 20.2% 14.8% 19.8% 25.5% 25.1%
45 years and older 40.5% 30.2% 37.1% 19.2% 32.2% 53.6% 38.5%
WORK PATTERNS
Full‐Time / Full‐Year 53.7% 36.8% 39.4% 31.0% 31.9% 56.7% 53.4%
SCHOOL ATTENDANCE
Attended school 16.7% 28.4% 20.3% 38.6% 27.1% 8.6% 13.8%
Did not attend school 83.3% 71.6% 79.7% 61.4% 72.9% 91.4% 86.2%
EDUCATION LEVELS
No certificate, diploma or
degree 14.5% 23.3% 20.6% 31.9% 15.1% 14.2% 4.2%
High school or
equivalent 26.1% 34.6% 32.9% 38.8% 30.0% 31.9% 21.6%
Apprenticeship/trades/C
ollege/
CEGEP 32.4% 25.9% 30.2% 19.2% 27.1% 37.7% 44.9%
certificate/diploma
University below
bachelor level 4.8% 3.9% 4.5% 2.8% 5.0% 4.4% 7.5%
University certificate or
degree 22.3% 12.3% 11.8% 7.2% 22.7% 11.9% 21.8%
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CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION
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The travel, tourism and hospitality industry today is a very dynamic and booming work
sphere with great scope for the use of creativity, imagination and orientation on a global
level. The tourism industry in India is one of the largest and most profitable industries in
the country and contributes substantially to the foreign exchange earned.
In 2008, four million tourists visited India and spent US$8.9 billion, thus making India
one of the global and most visited tourist destinations. The increase in tourism in India
has created many jobs in a variety of related sectors, both directly and indirectly. An
approximate 20 million people now work in India's tourism industry. Indian Tourism is
thriving, owing to a huge surge in both business and leisure travel by foreign and
domestic tourists and is expected to generate approximately US$ 275.5 billion by 2018.
A report published by the Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) says that the year 2020,
tourism in India could add another Rs. 8, 50,000 crores to the GDP. India has still not
realized its full potential from tourism.
The travel and tourism industry holds tremendous potential for India's economy.
It can provide impetus to other industries and create millions of new jobs.
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CHAPTER 6
ANNEXURE
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Annexure
2. Roll. No : 10310
4. Email ID : anuragupadhyay005@gmail.com
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CHAPTER 7
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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1. "Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2015 India" (PDF). World Travel and
Tourism Council. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
2. "Indian medical tourism industry to touch $8 billion by 2020: Grant Thornton - The
Economic Times". The Economic Times. Retrieved 2016-04-16.
16. "India to extend visa-on-arrival to tourists from 180 countries". Zee News.
Retrieved 9 June 2015.
19. Extension of e-Tourist Visa scheme to China, Hong Kong and Macau from
tomorrow
20. Press Note - Extension of e-Tourist Visa scheme to 36 more countries and 7
more airports from 15 August 2015
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CHAPTER 8
QUESTIONNAIRE
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Please go through the following questionnaire and identify the appropriate responses for
each of them. There is no such thing as a correct answer, therefore feel free to respond
unprohibitively
Disclaimer: Your response via this questionnaire will be used strictly for academic
purposes. There will not be any commercial solicitation or usage of the response in any
kind / form whatsoever.
Personal Information
Name :
Age :
Gender :
City :
Occupation :
1. Upto 5 lac
2. 5 lac-15 lac
3. 15 lac – 25 lac
4. 25 lac- 35 lac
Once in 6 Months
Once in 3 Months
Every Month
Every Week
By Yourself
o Family Vacation
o Adventures
o Business
o Spiritual
o Religious
4. What mode of transportation do you opt ? Rate them on the basis of your
preference (most preferred at the top , Least preferred at the bottom )
o Hill Stations
o Beaches
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MARIHMR, Department of Hotel Management, 2016-17
o Deserts
o Yes
o No
o Family
o Friends
o Colleagues
o Alone
o Expensive Hotels
o Economy Hotels
o Resorts
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o 1-2 days
o 3-5 days
o A week
o A fortnight
o A month
o Yes
o No
If so,
12.How often?
none
sometimes
often
.........................................................................................
o Upto 5,000
o 5,000 – 15,0000
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o Above 25,000
o Yes
o No
Signature
1 Gender
Male
Female
2 Age
18-29
30-49
50-65
65+
3 Household Income
Under 25,000
25,000-50,000
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50,000-100,000
100,000+
3+
Yes
No
Maybe
7 If you ticked a location above, would this be the main purpose of visiting this
destination/tour?
Yes
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No
Maybe
N/A
8 Would you expect to book this trip as part of a bigger holiday – e.g. as a tour
within the main holiday, or as a stand-a-lone trip?
Stand-a-lone trip
Either
N/A
1. Your age is
Less than 24
Between 24 and 39
Between 40 and 55
Over 55
2. Are you?
Male
Female
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3. Nationality
5. Are you?
Student
Worker
Retired person
Other
Leisure
Business
Other
Bulgaria
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Turkey
Italy
Yes
No
Adventure
Night life
Culture
Health
Nature
Religion
Rest
Sport
Visiting friends/relatives
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Other
10. What are the most challenging problems that you face when choosing a
destination?
Quality of services
Reliability
Language difficulties
Price
Other
Bicycle
Bus
Car
Caravan
Motorbike
Plane
Train
Limousine
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Combination
Other
Yes
No
13. What do you think are the strengths India could exploit to attract more
tourist?
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