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Specialty Alloys Operations produces Corrosion is the deterioration that In addition, free detailed, searchable
hundreds of types of stainless steels, occurs when a metal reacts with its technical information is available
high temperature (iron-nickel-cobalt- environment. One way to effectively through Carpenter’s Web site,
base) alloys, magnetic alloys and control corrosion is to select a con- www.cartech.com. Of course, neither
other specialty materials. SAO is struction material with the required the booklet nor the technical informa-
an ISO-registered business unit of level of corrosion resistance from tion is meant to replace the expertise
Carpenter Technology Corporation. alloys such as stainless steels and of a corrosion engineer, but they can
other highly alloyed metals. Since no provide useful starting points on the
Carpenter alloys may be found wher-
single alloy is suitable for every appli- subject of corrosives.
ever critical material challenges exist,
cation, you also need to consider fac-
including a wide range of corrosive If you would like to discuss any of
tors such as strength, availability and
environments. This booklet may be Carpenter’s specialty metal alloys, get
ease of fabrication. Table 1 on page 2
helpful in selecting the appropriate in touch with a Carpenter regional
can help put this material selection
material for your application. metallurgist or application engineer.
process into perspective.
Visit us at www.cartech.com or call
800-654-6543 in the U.S.
Oil-Field Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
The information and data presented herein are typical or average values and are not a guarantee of maximum or minimum values. Unless otherwise specified, registered trademarks
Applications specifically suggested for material described herein are made solely for the purpose of illustration to enable the reader are property of CRS Holdings Inc., a subsidiary of
to make his/her own evaluation and are not intended as warranties, either express or implied of fitness for these or other purposes. Carpenter Technology Corporation.
There is no representation that the recipient of this literature will receive updated editions as they become available.
i
Copyright 2003 CRS Holdings, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in U.S.A. 7-03/2.5M
C A R P E N T E R A L LOY S F O R C O R R O S I V E E N V I R O N M E N T S
1
TABLE 1– ALLOY COMPARISONS
IMPROVING CHLORIDE CHLORIDE SULFURIC MEDICAL MAGNETIC OIL FIELD HIGH STRENGTH
LEVELS PITTING STRESS ACID (ORTHOPEDIC) APPLICATIONS ENVIRONMENTS WIRE
OF CORROSION AND CORROSION (Water and (Cold drawn
RESISTANCE CREVICE CRACKING mild Chemicals) or cold drawn
CORROSION & aged)
OUTSTANDING C-276 C-276 C-276 BioDur® CCM Plus® Chrome Core® 29 C-276 C-276
Custom Age Custom Age 20Cb-3® CCM Alloys Custom Age MP35N1, 4
625 PLUS®1 and 625 PLUS1 and MP35N4 625 PLUS1 and Custom Age 625 PLUS1
Pyromet® 625 Pyromet® 625 Carpenter L-605 Pyromet® 625 20Mo-6 HS
Ni-Cu 4002
EXCELLENT 20Mo-4®, Type 316, BioDur 316LS 825 PLUS1 825 PLUS1
7-Mo PLUS® Gall-Tough® PLUS 25Ni-20Cr-6Mo
and 2205 25Ni-20Cr-6Mo 20Mo-4®
Chrome Core 13-FM 20Cb-3®
Chrome Core 12
22Cr-13Ni-5Mn 7-Mo PLUS® Chrome Core 12-FM
and 2205
GOOD 825 PLUS1 25Ni-20Cr-6Mo Types 304, 304L Chrome Core 8 22Cr-13Ni-5Mn 22Cr-13Ni-5Mn
Ni-Cu 4002 7-Mo PLUS® Gall-Tough® Chrome Core 8-FM Type 316, A-2861
22Cr-13Ni-5Mn and 2205
20Cb-3® 2205 15-15LC® Mod and
15-15HS3
22Cr-13Ni-5Mn
Type 316 Type 316 Type 316 Custom 450® A-2861
Aged Condition. 2Resistance varies considerably with aeration or oxidizing impurities. 3Candidates for drilling applications. 4MP35N is a registered trademark of SPS Technologies, Inc. MP is a registered trademark of SPS Technologies, Inc.
1
2
TYPES OF CORROSION
expressed as a corrosion “rate”; i.e., metals at the point of contact. 20Cb-3® Stainless (active)
a regular rate of metal loss over the
Table 2 shows the galvanic behavior of Lead-Tin Solders
entire surface. General corrosion is
INCREASING CORROSION
stainless steels with other metals when Lead
portrayed in Figure 1 showing two
tested in sea water. If two metals in this
samples of stainless steel, one that has Tin
list are in contact in sea water, then the
not been corroded and one that has Nickel (active)
metal nearer the top of the list is the
experienced severe general corrosion.
one more likely to corrode at the metal Brasses
Such general corrosion results from the junction. The degree of corrosion is
Copper
uniform breakdown of the passive film increased as the separation of the alloys
over the entire surface of the steel. Acid in the list is increased. Bronzes
galvanic couple is protected from general PROTECTED END (CATHODIC, OR MOST NOBLE)
3
Figure 2: Intergranular Corrosion Figure 3: Pit-type Corrosion Figure 4: Crevice Corrosion (O-Ring moved)
ing due to hydrogen embrittlement. This areas more prone to attack in surface cleanliness. If scale, corrosion
phenomenon is of more concern with certain environments. products, shop dirt, etc., are allowed
high-strength materials. See the section to deposit on a stainless steel surface,
Susceptibility to intergranular corrosion
on stress-corrosion cracking on page 5. then metal immediately underneath the
in austenitic or duplex alloys can be
deposit often does not have ready access
In service, contact between two different avoided by:
to oxygen, which is required to maintain
stainless steels generally does not cause
a. Using only in the annealed the corrosion-resistant surface film.
galvanic corrosion. In some environments
(1700/2100°F, 927/1149°C) or Corrosion can initiate under the deposit
stainless may be considered, even if
equivalent condition, or annealing and may be further accelerated by local
galvanic contact with other material will
and quenching rapidly after exposure chemistry changes in the corrodent
occur. Potential applications should be
to the critical temperature range. beneath the deposit.
considered on a case-by-case basis.
The corrosion resistance of welded
Pitting occurs much more readily in
INTERGRANULAR CORROSION material can also be regained by
some environments than others, with
annealing after welding.
Intergranular corrosion is very rarely a chlorides being the most common species
problem if the material is used in the b. Using alloys with low carbon, such likely to cause pitting. Stagnant condi-
“mill-annealed” or equivalent condition. as Type 304L and Type 316L. tions also promote pitting since they
A knowledge of intergranular corrosion is are more likely to allow deposits to
c. Using alloys that are “stabilized”
only necessary if the alloy is to be heated become lodged on the metal surface,
by the addition of a carbide former
to elevated temperatures [above about and they are more likely to permit con-
such as columbium or titanium; e.g.,
800°F (427°C)] during service or prior centration of damaging species, such
Type 347, Type 321 and 20Cb-3®
to service (during welding or stress as chlorides, in the pitted areas.
stainless. The columbium and titanium
relieving, for example). Molybdenum-bearing grades are used
combine with the carbon in these
for their improved pitting resistance.
The austenitic stainless steels, such as alloys, preventing the formation of
Type 304, become susceptible to inter- deleterious chromium-rich carbides. CREVICE CORROSION
granular corrosion in some environments These alloys are preferably annealed in
Crevices formed by metal-to-metal con-
after they are heated for short times the range 1600/1850°F (871/1010°C)
tact or at gaskets, etc., can lead to local-
in the range of about 900/1500°F to promote the formation of columbium
ized corrosion in the crevice (see Figure
(482/816°C), or are cooled slowly or titanium carbide.
4). Lack of oxygen and buildup of acids
through that range. An example is shown
PITTING and contaminants (e.g., chlorides) within
in Figure 2.
the crevice are the causes of this prob-
Under certain conditions of service, stain-
This susceptibility to intergranular lem. Like pitting, crevice corrosion is
less steels which are apparently immune
corrosion is generally believed to be due more likely to occur in chloride solutions,
to attack by certain solutions will fail by
to the precipitation of chromium carbides and the molybdenum-bearing grades are
corroding deeply in individual spots. This
in the grain boundaries when the steel more resistant to it. Higher-nickel alloys
type of corrosion, shown in Figure 3, is
is heated in or through this temperature may be required to resist pitting, crevice
known as pitting.
range. These grain boundary carbides are corrosion and general attack in low-pH,
deleterious because they remove chromi- Pitting can occur for several reasons. chloride environments.
um from adjacent areas, making these A common cause of pitting is lack of
4
without nickel are susceptible. In general, larly at the protected metal. If the hydro-
the higher the yield strength of a high- gen is not evolved as a gas, it may enter
strength stainless, the more susceptible it the metal as atomic hydrogen and
will be to stress-corrosion cracking. This embrittle the material. Generally, the
rule is generally applicable to other alloy effects of hydrogen embrittlement and
systems (e.g. nickel-base materials). stress-corrosion cracking are the same.
STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING
As the name suggests, this form of corro- Some of the factors that influence corrosion resistance,
sion attack results from the combination other than metal or alloy composition, are as follows:
of a selected corrosive environment and
stresses in the material (Figure 5). The
stresses may result from cold working, Service Environment and Application
quenching after heat treatment, or from A. Bulk solution composition. This includes the solution pH and the concentration of its
an externally applied stress. components.
Stress-corrosion cracking in stainless B. The temperature of the corrodent. As a rule, the degree of corrosion increases with
increase in temperature. There are numerous cases where metals satisfactory for
steels and higher alloys occurs only in cold solutions are entirely unsuitable for these same solutions at more elevated
certain specific environments. Chloride temperatures.
solutions are the most well known of C. Heat transfer. In some applications, heat is transferred from the metal to the solution.
these. The stress-corrosion behavior of The corrosion rate may be increased due to the higher metal temperature.
stainless steels is primarily dependent D. The presence of impurities in the corrosive medium. Although pure chemicals or
upon their nickel content and yield solutions are seldom encountered in commercial work, the presence of even minor
strength. Low-yield-strength stainless percentages of impurities is of utmost importance and should be considered when
using published corrosion tables. While increased attack is expected when chlorides
steels are relatively immune to cracking are present, some impurities can actually lower the corrosion rate.
in chlorides if they contain nickel less
E. Adherent deposits. Deposits on the metal surface can cause crevice corrosion,
than about 0.5-1%; (e.g., Types 405, 430). particularly in the presence of chloride ion impurities.
Low-yield-strength stainless steels
F. The degree of aeration to which a corrodent is exposed. Liquids kept in closed
become more susceptible to cracking containers from which air or a circulation of air is excluded may cause different
in hot chloride solutions as their nickel degrees of corrosion than these same liquids when freely exposed to the atmosphere.
content is increased until they reach This applies also to the presence of atmospheric gases, which may sometimes
change the corrosive behavior of metals to a marked degree.
maximum susceptibility at about 8% nickel
(e.g., Type 304). Further increasing G. Velocity of corrodent. Since published corrosion tables are usually based on static
tests, the corrosion in actual service may differ due to the effect of velocity.
nickel beyond about 30% (e.g. 20Cb-3®
stainless) causes a marked increase in Material Condition and Fabrication
resistance to cracking. In summary, A. Surface condition. A smoother finish often improves corrosion resistance. This is
low-yield-strength stainless steels are especially true for lower alloy stainless steels in severe atmospheric exposures.
Also, for optimum corrosion resistance, surfaces must be free of scale and foreign
more resistant to chloride-stress-corro-
particles and finished parts should be passivated. Contact Carpenter for information
sion cracking if they contain either no regarding passivation.
nickel or greater than about 30% nickel.
B. Metallurgical condition. Corrosion resistance, particularly stress-corrosion cracking,
Higher-strength stainless steels; (i.e., can depend upon whether a material is annealed, hardened or cold worked, etc.
martensitic and precipitation-hardening C. Thermal treatment in fabrication. Welding or stress relieving can affect resistance
to corrosion, particularly to stress-corrosion cracking and intergranular corrosion.
steels), differ from the low-strength
stainless steels in that they can crack D. Fabrication design. Attack can occur at crevices or where dissimilar metals are in
contact.
at room temperature, and even grades
5
other hand, low pH, the use of sensitized Figure 6: Selectaloy® Diagram
material or exposure to environments
containing hydrogen sulfide can result
in failures at lower temperatures. Sulfide 20Cb-3®
Stainless
stress cracking is characterized by
cracking of low- or high-strength materials
in the presence of hydrogen sulfide and
Type 316
water, in combination with a tensile
SELECTION OF
CORROSION-RESISTANT
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES / STRENGTH
ALLOYS
These five criteria, listed in order of
importance, may assist you in selecting cost-effective design. Finished parts combination of corrosion resistance and
corrosion-resistant alloys: of a more expensive alloy may actually strength requirements. Variations of
cost less due to reduced expense in certain alloys may be selected to optimize
1. Corrosion Resistance. First, choose
fabrication. properties such as headability, machin-
candidate materials to resist corrosion
ability or galling resistance as shown in
in the service environment. Cost-effec- 5. Product Availability. Consider
Figure 7.
tive alloys will have sufficient resistance availability of the raw material and
to provide the desired service life with- minimum purchase requirements in Two properties may be improved in one
out incurring the unnecessary expense choosing the most economical and alloy. For example, Type 302HQ-FM is
of “overalloying.” practical material. designed to optimize cold headability
and machinability.
2. Mechanical Properties. Along with alloy THE SELECTALOY ® METHOD
strength, consider hardness, fatigue, Additional grades are available to provide
The Carpenter Selectaloy method was
impact and stress rupture properties. the best material for a wide variety of
designed to assist engineers in the selec-
Together with the corrosion resistance corrosive environments and applications.
tion of appropriate stainless steels for a
factor, the mechanical properties Typical compositions appear in Table 3
variety of applications. Figure 6 can guide
designate the specific alloy type for and include the following:
you in selecting an alloy based on the
the application.
3. Fabrication Operations. After consider- Figure 7: Alloy Families Designed for Improved Fabricability or Utility
ing corrosion resistance and mechanical
properties, examine the processing that TYPE 304 COLD TYPE 304 TYPE 410 TYPE 304 TYPE 316
the alloy will need to undergo. Alloys HEADING MACHINABILITY MACHINABILITY GALLING GALLING
6
• The high-alloy austenitic stainless excellent corrosion resistance, and oil field environments that may
steels provide resistance to general have about twice the yield strength of contain brine, hydrogen sulfide,
corrosion and several forms of local- the typical austenitic stainless steels. carbon dioxide and elemental sulfur.
ized attack, along with high levels of
• The nickel-base alloys provide resis- • TrimRite® stainless has been used for
ductility and toughness.
tance to very severe environments. high-strength self-tapping fasteners,
• Duplex stainless 7-Mo PLUS® and For example, Custom Age 625 PLUS® cutlery, conveyor chain, valve parts
Carpenter 2205 stainless provide alloy may be considered a candidate and instruments.
for service in elevated-temperature
C Mn Si S Cr Ni Mo Cu Cb Ti Al N Other
* MP35N is a registered trademark of SPS Technologies, Inc. MP is a registered trademark of SPS Technologies, Inc. 7
Carpenter has developed a method C O M PA R I S O N O F C A R P E N T E R A L LOY S
similar to the Selectaloy® system to facili- IN CORROSIVE ENVIRONMENTS
tate selection of the corrosion-resistant
alloys listed in Table 3. These charts, SULFURIC AND NITRIC ACID Generally, Cr-Ni-Mo-Cu alloys with nickel
showing susceptibility to attack in pertinent content similar to that of 20Cb-3® stain-
Sulfuric acid is an example of an environ-
environments or by specific forms of less or higher are candidates for resisting
ment that typically causes general
corrosion, begin on this page. cracking and general corrosion in a wide
corrosion. Figure 8 provides an overall
variety of sulfuric acid environments.
The typical strength level is plotted on ranking of several alloys in pure
the horizontal axis, but other strengths sulfuric acid. Several alloys in Figure 8 are useful
can be obtained for each alloy by varying in specific sulfuric acid environments.
The severity of attack in sulfuric
the processing. Annealed strength levels Conventional stainless steels such as
acid varies widely with the temperature,
are used in most cases, except when Type 316 have limited utility, and may be
concentration and aeration of the acid.
other conditions are typical. For example, considered for only very dilute or highly
Aeration is generally beneficial to higher
Custom Age 625 PLUS® alloy is aged, and concentrated acid at low temperatures.
chromium materials and deleterious to
high-strength wire is either cold drawn Slightly improved resistance in these
nickel-copper alloys. Increased velocity
or cold drawn plus aged. Resistance to concentration ranges may be obtained
may be expected to increase attack of
each form of corrosion is also plotted using higher-chromium materials such as
all materials.
based on material in this typical condi- 7-Mo PLUS® or 22Cr-13Ni-5Mn stainless
tion. When materials are used in other Some impurities, such as iron, copper or steel. Improved resistance to intermediate
conditions (for example as-welded), care chromium ions, reduce attack of stainless concentrations may be obtained with
must be taken to assure that corrosion steels in sulfuric acid. While oxidizing alloys having higher nickel, such as
and mechanical properties are maintained. impurities are beneficial for stainless 25Ni-20Cr-6Mo stainless and, particularly,
steels, they are deleterious for nickel- 20Cb-3 stainless steel. Nickel-Copper
Generally, alloy cost increases as corro-
copper alloys. 400 alloy is a candidate for air-free
sion resistance improves. While there
sulfuric acid environments but is readily
are exceptions to this rule, materials with Impurities such as chlorides often result
attacked in air-saturated solutions.
improved corrosion resistance often con- in increased general attack and can cause
tain higher levels of molybdenum, nickel pitting or stress-corrosion cracking. Nitric acid is another example of an
or other more costly alloying elements. Materials with insufficient nickel content environment that can cause general
Manufacturing costs also affect the final can also experience cracking in pure corrosion. Because this acid is oxidizing,
selling price of a material, especially sulfuric acid. It is usually wise to confirm alloys with higher chromium are expect-
when the alloy is difficult to produce. that a material chosen for resistance to ed to provide improved resistance. Type
general corrosion does not exhibit stress- 316 has useful resistance, 22Cr-13Ni-5Mn
corrosion cracking in the environment stainless is highly resistant, and 7-Mo
of interest. PLUS stainless is considered for the
Figure 8: Resistance to General Corrosion in Sulfuric Acid Figure 9: Resistance to Chloride Pitting/Crevice Corrosion
C-276 C-276
20Cb-3® Pyromet® 625 Custom Age 625 PLUS® (aged)
Pyromet® 625 Custom Age 625 PLUS® (aged)
20Mo-4® 20Mo-6® and
IMPROVED CORROSION RESISTANCE
20Mo-6® 25Ni-20Cr-6Mo
Ni-Cu 400*
20Mo-4® 7-Mo PLUS® and 2205
25Ni-20Cr-6Mo 22Cr-13Ni-5Mn
7-Mo PLUS®
22Cr-13Ni-5Mn Ni-Cu 400* 825 PLUS (aged)
2205 20Cb-3®
Type 316 Type 316
8
most severe service. Materials with lower CHLORIDE-STRESS-CORROSION improved corrosion resistance. Further
chromium have very limited utility. Nitric CRACKING improved corrosion resistance with lower
acid can also cause intergranular attack hardness is obtained with 22Cr-13Ni-5Mn
Figure 10 summarizes resistance to
of sensitized materials due to precipita- stainless and BioDur® 108 alloy. For
chloride-stress-corrosion cracking.
tion of carbides or sigma phase at the example, BioDur 108 can be considered a
Resistance to this form of corrosion is
grain boundaries. Because of this, the candidate for implantable orthopedic appli-
strongly affected by nickel content.
Huey test (ASTM A262, boiling 65% cations such as bone plates, bone screws
The resistance decreases as nickel is
nitric acid) is usually employed to screen and spinal fixation components. BioDur
increased from residual to about 8%
materials prior to nitric acid service. Carpenter CCM® alloy and BioDur CCM
and then increases with further nickel
Plus® alloy may be considered for joint
PITTING AND CREVICE CORROSION additions to about 45%. Materials with
replacement and fracture fixation devices.
about 25% nickel resist cracking in many
As seen earlier in this booklet, pitting
service environments, and alloys with MAGNETIC
and crevice corrosion may proceed by
greater than about 30% nickel are candi-
essentially the same mechanism. Refer Components such as solenoid valves
dates for more severe applications.
to Figure 9 for an alloy comparison. This and fuel injectors must operate
figure may be applicable in many envi- Stainless steels with increased molybde- efficiently using the magnetic field
ronments where chloride pitting rather num have provided improved resistance produced by an electric current.
than general corrosion is expected to to chloride-stress-corrosion cracking in Therefore, alloys for magnetic applica-
occur, such as sea water. environments such as aqueous sodium tions must resist corrosion. Figure 12
chloride. Service experience has shown lists several magnetic alloys that have
Resistance of stainless steels to pitting
that duplex stainless steels have provided been used in various corrosive
and crevice attack is improved by
resistance superior to that of Type 316 environments.
increased chromium and molybdenum,
stainless steel. Care must be exercised in
with nitrogen providing benefits in OIL-FIELD ENVIRONMENTS
welding duplex stainless steels to main-
duplex alloys and many austenitic grades.
tain corrosion resistance and mechanical Materials for oil-field production environ-
Resistance of austenitic alloys depends
properties. ments frequently must resist sulfide
upon nickel and sometimes nitrogen to
stress cracking, or cracking in the
provide stability of the austenite phase
A P P L I C AT I O N S presence of hydrogen sulfide and water
and prevent precipitation of sigma or
in combination with a tensile stress.
other deleterious phases. MEDICAL
High-strength, highly alloyed materials
The position of Nickel-Copper 400 in Figure 11 shows candidate alloys for (e.g. nickel-base alloys) are susceptible
Figure 9 can vary widely with the a range of medical applications. For to this form of attack when coupled to
environment. Nickel-copper alloys have instruments, alloys such as Type 420 and iron, indicating that failures are a result
useful resistance to many salt solutions Type 440 have provided edge retention in of hydrogen entering the metal. This
but are not resistant to most oxidizing mild environments, while Custom 455® mode of failure can be most severe at
salts, such as ferric chloride. stainless provided strength and slightly temperatures close to ambient.
Figure 10: Resistance to Chloride-Stress-Corrosion Cracking Figure 11: Resistance in Medical Applications
20Mo-4®
CARDIOLOGY
TrimRite®
STANDARD
9
Elevated-temperature cracking can also Figure 12: Corrosion Resistance—Magnetic Applications
occur in the oil field, in hot down-hole
environments. Temperatures can be Corrosive, high purity environments Chrome Core® 29 Solenoid Quality
350°F (177°C) or above in the presence
Aqueous, mild chemicals Chrome Core 18-FM Solenoid Quality
of brine, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide
and possibly elemental sulfur. Also, resis- Mild aqueous Types 430F & 430FR Solenoid Quality
tance to pitting or crevice attack can be
Corrosive fuels, fresh water Chrome Core 13-FM,
required because pits may act to concen-
Chrome Core 12/Chrome Core 12-FM
trate stresses.
Figure 13 describes the relative resis- Fuels, mild atmospheres Chrome Core 8/Chrome Core 8-FM
Figure 13: Resistance to Oil-Field Environments Figure 14: High Strength Wire Applications
Custom 450®
50 100 150 150 200 250 300
10
s
les
n,
6 ® s,
o- es
M
ain
-5
M inl
St
s 3Ni
20 Sta
loy
L
16
les r-1
les b-3 ®
Al
0
6/3
®
TABLE 4–TYPICAL MACHINING SPEEDS
ain 2C
40
5 ss
US
31
St , 2
ain C
loy
20 le
e 6 25
St , 20
PL
s,
h ® ied
r 2 tain
pe
Al
Ag 6
USING HIGH-SPEED STEEL TOOLS
4 ® Mo
25
Ty
m lloy
ug if
er
S
To od
+®
rp US ®
pp
M r-6
sto A
ll- M
Cu et ®
70
Co
Ga C ®
20 20C
te
Ca PL
ct
el-
m
en
5L
o-
-
oje
ro
Ni
ck
-1
Py
25
Pr
Ni
15
7-
TURNING SINGLE POINT SFPM 117-143 50-70 50-70 65-75 70-100 15-25
AND BOX TOOLS
IPR .018-.0084 .015-.007 .015-.007 .015-.007 .015-.007 .007
SFPM 104 40 40 50 60 15
1
/16”
IPR .0018 .001 .001 .001 .002 .002
SFPM 104 40 40 50 60 15
1
/8”
CUT-OFF IPR .0024 .001 .001 .0015 .0025 .003
TOOL
SFPM 104 40 40 50 60 15
WIDTH 1
/4”
TURNING CUT-OFF IPR .0024 .0015 .0015 .002 .003 .004
AND FORM TOOLS
SFPM 104 40 40 50 60 15
1
/2”
IPR .0024 .0015 .0015 .001 .003 .004
SFPM 104 40 40 50 60 15
FORM
1”
IPR .0018 .001 .001 .001 .0025 .002
TOOL
WIDTH SFPM 104 40 40 50 60 15
1 /2”
1
YOU'LL FIND DETAILED INFORMATION ON HUNDREDS OF CARPENTER Free product literature and technical data
ALLOYS INCLUDING THESE CORROSION-RESISTANT ALLOYS: is available online at www.cartech.com.
7-Mo PLUS® stainless Chrome Core 18-FM The comprehensive database includes
20Cb-3 stainless
®
Chrome Core 29 searchable information on hundreds of
20Mo-4® stainless Custom 450® stainless alloys including interactive corrosion and
20Mo-6 stainless
®
Custom 455® stainless Selectaloy® diagrams. In addition, you’ll
20Mo-6 HS stainless Custom 465® stainless find more than 50 technical articles.
BioDur 108 alloy
®
Custom Age 625 PLUS® alloy
Registration is free and fast.
BioDur CCM Plus alloy
®
Gall-Tough® stainless
Carpenter 22Cr-13Ni-5Mn Gall-Tough PLUS stainless
Carpenter 25Ni-20Cr-6Mo Project 70+® Type 316 stainless
Carpenter C-276 Pyromet® Alloy 625
Carpenter Nickel-Copper 400 Pyromet Alloy 718
Chrome Core® 12-FM Type 430FR
11
Carpenter Technology Corporation
Wyomissing, PA 19610 USA