SPEED CONTROL OF DC MACHINES

INSTRUCTED BY:
Mr. SUDASINGHE H.P.M.
GROUP MEMBERS:
130003P ABEYDHEERA U.S.
13000U ABEYGOONAWARDANA B.S.K.
130011M ABEYWICKRAMA G.P.R.
130021T ALWIS M.R.T.
130024F AMARANGA G.D.K.P.
130028V AMARATUNGE M.P.
130032D ANTHONY C.B.S. NAME : B.M.S.C.B.BALASURIYA
130034K APPUHAMI M.M.D.N.S. INDEX NUMBER : 130053R
130040B ARUMATHANTHRI R.B. CAURSE : B Sc ENGINEERING
130046A ASHOK S. DATE OF PER : 06.08.2015

130053R BALASURIYA B.M.S.C.B. DATE OF SUB : .08.2015

RESULTS
Armature Resistance vs. Speed

Armature
SPEED
Resistance
(rpm)
(𝛀)

0 1108

20 997

35.1 920

54.5 830

72 751

102.1 641

199.8 315

248.5 192

300 0
 Armature Resistance vs Speed
1200

1000

800
Speed

600

400

200

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Armature Resistance
Field Resistance vs. Speed

Field
Speed
Resistance
(rpm)
(𝛀)
0 1108

7.5 1105

29.5 1129

56.3 1160

92.7 1203

110.9 1217

125.8 1250

147.7 1272
 Field resistance vs. Speed
1300

1280

1260

1240

1220

1200
Speed

1180

1160

1140

1120

1100

1080
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Field resistance
Terminal Voltage vs. Field Current

Voltage Current
(V) (A)
200 0.59

196 0.56

192 0.52

188 0.47

184 0.44

180 0.43

176 0.41

172 0.395

168 0.38

164 0.37

160 0.35

156 0.34

152 0.33

148 0.31

144 0.3

140 0.29

136 0.28

132 0.27

128 0.26
 Terminal voltage vs. Field current
0.6

0.55

0.5

0.45
Field Current

0.4

0.35

0.3

0.25
120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
Terminal Voltage
DISCUSSION

Importance of starting methods of a DC motor

The DC motors are designed to work in the continuous rotating mode. During that rotation, reverse
voltage is induced in the coil so the current through the coil is limited. So the motor is designed for that
current. But when it is in stationary and the current is supplied, the reverse voltage is not induced since
there is no current flowing through. So if the same voltage during the operation is supplied in the start,
the high current through the coils will harm the motor. So to protect the motor, a limitation to the
starting current is added and is the starter. It add a resistance to the current at the beginning and the
resistance is gradually reduced with the increase in speed of motor.

Other starting methods of a DC motor

For the starting of the motor, the

3 point starter,
4 point starter are used.

Other speed control methods in a DC motor.

By controlling the armature:

 By changing the armature resistance: controlling resistance is directly connected to supply in
series.
 By connecting a rheostat in series and another rheostat shunting with the armature.
 By supplying the voltage from a variable voltage source and controlling that voltage.

By controlling the field:

 By reducing the flux by shunting a portion of motor current.
 By changing the number of field windings through which the current goes.
Methods of breaking a DC motor

Regenerative brakes:
This method of braking is applied when the rotor is rotating with a higher inertia. When the voltage
supplied to motor is reduced to a voltage value lesser than the backward electro motive force
generated by the motor, the rotor starts decelerating because the motor starts producing electricity
from the stored energy. This can be used to charge a battery.

Dynamic brakes:
When the motor is running, the power is disconnected from the motor and then the two poles are
connected to a resister. So the electrical energy produced by motor after sacrificing its speed converts
in to heat and so the speed of motor decrease.

Plugging brakes:
The two poles of the motor are disconnected and then the power is supplied in the reverse direction.
So the torque provided by the motor will be against the motion of motor and the motor starts
deceleration. If the power supply is kept turned on even after the motor come to instantaneous resting,
the motor will start rotating to the other direction.