DE LA SALLE LIPA

COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ACAPDEV- AC APPARATUS AND DEVICES
LABORATORY EXPERIMENT MANUAL

DE LA SALLE LIPA
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

EXPERIMENT NO.3

VOLTAGE REGULATION OF A TRANSFORMER

NAME: INOCENO, IVYGEIL NICOLE N.

SECTION/YEAR: V4B – 4TH YR

ENGR. RODELIO CABRERA

INSTRUCTOR

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 DE LA SALLE LIPA
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ACAPDEV- AC APPARATUS AND DEVICES
LABORATORY EXPERIMENT MANUAL
I. OBJECTIVES
1. To study the voltage regulation of the transformer with a varying loads.
2. To study transformer regulation with inductive and capacitive loading.

II. DISCUSSION

The voltage regulation of a transformer may be calculated as the change in the

secondary voltage from secondary rated voltage, with the primary voltage kept
constant. The secondary voltage of a transformer vary with the load. Electrical
equipment being supplied by the transformer are all quite sensitive to these voltages
changes, hence the voltage regulation of a factor of the load must be specified when
stating the voltage regulation because it varies widely with the load power factor.

III. INSTRUMENTS AND COMPONENTS

IV. PROCEDURE

ITEM NO. DESCRIPTION QUANTITY

AC voltmeter 1
AC ammeter 1
Resistive load (950Ω, 1950Ω, 3770Ω) 1
Inductive load (3H, 6H, 12H) 1
Capacitive load (1μF, 2μF, 4μF) 1
Transformer (230V / 115V) 1
Variable AC power supply 1
1. Connect the primary to 230 V AC source as shown in Fig 3.1.
2. Connect a resistive load across terminals a and b.
3. Measure and record the voltage across a and b and the current I2.
4. Compute and record the voltage regulation under this load.
5. Repeat step 4 for two different resistive loads.
6. Repeat step 4 for three different capacitive loads.
7. Repeat step 4 for three different inductive loads.
8. Plot your record values of E2 (voltage across a and b) against each recorded of I2.
Label this curves "resistive load".
9. Repeat step 8 for the capacitive and inductive loads. Label these curves
"capacitive load" and "inductive load" respectively.

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 DE LA SALLE LIPA
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ACAPDEV- AC APPARATUS AND DEVICES
LABORATORY EXPERIMENT MANUAL

V. CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS

Fig. 3.1 Experimental circuit: Transformer regulation

VI. DATA AND RESULTS

Resistive Load I2 Voltage
(Ohms) E2 Regulation
3.46 %

950Ω 0.121 A 121.4 V

2.53 %

1950Ω 0.055 A 122.5 V

1.05 %

3770Ω 0.023 A 124.3 V

Capacitive Load I2 Voltage
(Ohms) E2 Regulation

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 DE LA SALLE LIPA
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ACAPDEV- AC APPARATUS AND DEVICES
LABORATORY EXPERIMENT MANUAL
1µF: 2652.58 Ω -0.24 %

0.047 A 125.9 V
2µF: 1326.29 Ω -0.32 %

0.101 A 126 V
-0.40 %

4µF: 663.15 Ω 0.197 A 126.1 V

Inductive Load I2 Voltage
(Ohms) E2 Regulation
3H: 1130.97 Ω 0.40 %

0.092 A
125.1 V
6H: 2261.95 Ω 0.16 %

0.043 A 125.4 V
12H: 4523.89 Ω 0.08 %

0.028 A 125.5 V

E2 (no load) = 124.3 V

%VR = (E2NL – E2FL)/E2FL x 100%

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 DE LA SALLE LIPA
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ACAPDEV- AC APPARATUS AND DEVICES
LABORATORY EXPERIMENT MANUAL

GRAPH: RESISTIVE LOAD

124.5

124

123.5

123
E2

122.5

122

121.5

121
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14

I2

GRAPH: CAPACITIVE LOAD

126.15

126.1

126.05

126
E2

125.95

125.9

125.85
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25

I2

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 DE LA SALLE LIPA
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ACAPDEV- AC APPARATUS AND DEVICES
LABORATORY EXPERIMENT MANUAL
GRAPH: INDUCTIVE LOAD

125.55
125.5
125.45
125.4
125.35
125.3
E2

125.25
125.2
125.15
125.1
125.05
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1

I2

VII. PROBLEMS

1. Explain why the output voltage increases when the capacitive loading is used.

The reason for this is that Armature reaction in an alternator, with capacitance loading
(leading power factor) gives Magnetizing effect as the main pole flux and armature flux are
in-phase, resultant flux increases and output voltage increases as capacitance nature load
increases.

2. What effect does a very low impedance (small Re and Xe) have on the regulation? on
short - circuit current?

If the Impedance of the transformer is very low as per V=IZ voltage drop will be less. So,
percentage of regulation will be low. But in practice winding reactance is made higher to limit
short-circuit current. But resistance is always kept low to reduce Copper-loss. Due to high
reactance Impedance is higher and there is a good percentage of voltage regulations about
5% to 20%. Which causes voltage drop.

3. Will transformer heating be approximately the same for resistive, inductive or capacitive
loads of the same VA rating? Explain.

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 DE LA SALLE LIPA
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ACAPDEV- AC APPARATUS AND DEVICES
LABORATORY EXPERIMENT MANUAL
There are two contributors to heating in a transformer. The 1st component is core or iron
losses. This is partly hysteresis loss and partly eddy current loss. Both are a rising but non-
linear function of primary voltage and frequency. This slightly reduces as the transformer
secondary is loaded because of voltage drop across primary winding resistance and
leakage inductance.
The 2nd loss component is winding or copper losses. This is caused by the resistance of
the winding wire and is a function of the square of the RMS values of the winding currents.
The phase relationship between secondary current and secondary voltage that is, the load
power factor has no effect on ohmic heating.
Hence the total heating is independent of the power factor of the load. It is dependent on the
primary voltage, frequency, and load current.

VIII. CONCLUSION

After conducting the experiment, It was concluded that Whenever the transformer is
loaded with continuous supply voltage, the terminal voltage of the transformer varies.
The variation of voltage depends on the load and its power factor. For example, If the
secondary terminals of the transformer are open circuited or no load is connected to the
secondary terminals, the no-load current flows through it. If the no current flows through
the secondary terminals of the transformer, the voltage drops across their resistive and
reactive load become zero. The voltage drop across the primary side of the transformer
is negligible. Else If the transformer is fully loaded, the load is connected to their
secondary terminal, the voltage drops appear across it. The value of the voltage
regulation should always be less for the better performance of transformer.

Based on what we’ve capacitor provides the leading current. If the capacitance value
increases the leading angle increases which decreases the cosine angle and increases
the sin angle so that the value of voltage regulation may be negative.