plc

A programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is a digital computer

used for automation of electromechanical processes, such as control of machinery on factory
assembly lines, amusement rides, or light fixtures. PLCs are used in many industries and
machines. Unlike general-purpose computers, the PLC is designed for multiple inputs and output
arrangements, extended temperature ranges, immunity to electrical noise, and resistance to
vibration and impact

RELAY

A relay is a simple electromechanical switch made up of an electromagnet and a set of contacts.

Current flowing through the coil of the relay creates a magnetic field which attracts a lever and
changes the switch contacts. It is used for double through (changeover).

The relay's switch connections are usually labeled COM, NC and NO:

 COM = Common, always connect to this, it is the moving part of the switch.
 NC = Normally Closed, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is off.
 NO = Normally Open, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is on.

Advantages of relays:

 Relays can switch AC and DC.

 Relays can switch higher voltages.
 Relays are often a better choice for switching large currents (> 5A).
 Relays can switch many contacts at once.
 Relay can be rated for very high voltage.

Disadvantages of relays

 Relays are bulkier than transistors for switching small currents.

 Relays cannot switch rapidly (except reed relays), transistors can switch many
times per second.
  Relays use more power due to the current flowing through their coil.

CONTACTOR
What is contactor?
Contactors are used to switch relatively large outputs and currents.
Contactors work on the same basic principle as relays.
The typical features of contactor are:
 double- break ( 2 break points per contact)
 positive-action contacts and
 closed arcing chambers (spark arresting chambers).

Advantages of contactor:
 Easy to changeover.
 Durable.
 Easy to test.
 Basically used for high current ratings.

Disadvantages of contactor
 Required more power
 Contacts wear