Green & Chemical Chemical

Process
UVARAJA A/L RAJAH 1103151016
YUVARAAJ A/L RAJA SEKARAN 1103151021
UDHAY SHARMA 11031510
CHOONG LEE TEIK 11031510
Definition of green chemistry

 Green chemistry is the design of chemical products and processes that

reduce or eliminate the use or generation of hazardous substances.
 Green chemistry applies across the life cycle of a chemical product,
including its design, manufacture, use, and ultimate disposal.
 Green chemistry is also known as sustainable chemistry.
 This is a field open for innovation, new ideas, and revolutionary
progress. This is the future of chemistry.
 Father of Green
Chemistry
 The concept of green chemistry
was formally established at the
Environmental Protection Agency
about 15 years ago in response to
Pollution Prevention Act of 1990.
 Paul T. Anastas for the first time
in 1991 coined the term green
chemistry. He is known as the
Power Player in the Global
Chemical Industry.
 Green chemistry
• Prevents pollution at the molecular level
• Is a philosophy that applies to all areas of chemistry, not a single discipline of
chemistry
• Applies innovative scientific solutions to real-world environmental problems
• Results in source reduction because it prevents the generation of pollution
• Reduces the negative impacts of chemical products and processes on human
health and the environment
• Lessens and sometimes eliminates hazard from existing products and
processes
• Designs chemical products and processes to reduce their intrinsic hazards
12 Principles of Green Chemistry

1. Prevention.
2. Atom Economy.
3. Less Hazardous Chemical Synthesis.
4. Designing Safer Chemicals.
5. Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries.
6. Design for Energy Efficiency.
7. Use of Renewable Feedstocks.
8. Reduce Derivatives.
9. Catalysis.
10. Design for Degradation.
11. Real-time Analysis for Pollution Prevention.
12. Inherently Safer Chemistry for Accident Prevention.
The 4th principle of green chemistry,
Designing Safer Chemicals
 The very concept of safe chemicals is not exactly common. Usually, all
chemicals are depicted as toxic substances.
 However, the word chemicals is used misleadingly in our everyday lives.
 Chemicals are literally everything around us where every substance that is
made of matter is a chemical.
 With this in mind, Principle 4 is a reminder to chemists that it is our
responsibility to design all chemicals to not only be efficient at their given
purpose, but to also reduce their toxicity by design.
 Reducing toxicity is a constant priority in chemistry.
METHOD 1
Process Description

 Straightforward reaction
 NaOH + HCL -> NaCL + H20
 1 mole to 1 mole
 Which indicates if the product requirement to be 100 000
metric tons per year , at least 200 000 metric tons of raw
materials needed.
 Our topic today are Design a Safer chemicals reaction
Safety about ACID (Class 8 Dangerous Goods )
 Hydrochloric Acid Storage and
Disposal.
 Hydrochloric acid stock should be
stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated
area away from sources of moisture.
Keep away from incompatible materials
such as oxidizing agents, organic
materials, metals and alkalis

 Hydrochloric Acid Storage in Large

Scale should stored in stainless steel
vessel (Anti Corrosive)
 All the piping in contact with
water/acid/alkaline should be all in SS
304 or higher.
HDPE storage
tank can be
used as well !
 NaOH storage
Class 8 - Corrosive material
3D CAD PLANT LAYOUT
CHEMICALS STORAGE
Advantages

 COST EFFECTIVE
 LESSER CAPITAL
INVESTMENT
 LESSER FOOTPRINT
 SIMPLE PROCESS
 Disadvantages
1. EXOTHERMIC REACTION
2. HCL & NAOH IS CONSIDER HARZARDOUS
CHEMICALS
3. WHEN INHALE NAOH , CAN HYDROLYZE PROTEINS
IN TISSUES AND CAN KILL CELLS IN TISSUES.
4. WHEN CONTACT WITH HCL , WILL CAUSE
CORROSIVE REACTION IN SKIN OR OTHER PLACES.
5. IN LARGE SCALE , THE CHEMICALS HANDLING ARE
ONE OF THE NIGHTMARE
6. ITS NOT A GREEN SUSTAINABLE CHEMICALS
REACTION TO OBTAIN SALT.
 Solar
Evaporation
Method
Solar Evaporation Method

 Solar evaporation is probably one of the earliest

methods used to produce salt.
 Sea water or natural brine evaporates up to the
saturation point in open basins, due to the action of
the sun and wind.
Solar Evaporation Method

 Crystallisation occurs in dedicated open basins as well, where the saturated

brine is finally poured.
 Once the salt crust is formed, the exceeding water is eliminated before
harvest.
 The raw salt may be further processed, including washing, drying, sifting and
grading, if necessary and depending upon the requirements.

References:-
1. https://eusalt.com/salt-production
2. Towards the Improvement of Salt
Extraction from Lake
Katwe Raw Materials in Uganda
Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages Disadvantages

Safer chemicals Higher cost

Less chemical usage Higher maintenance

Ease storage
Why design for safer chemicals to obtain
salt?

 Easily
transported/stored Reduce risk and NOT HAZARDOUS
hazard. RAW MATERIALS
Conclusion

 The first method uses a corrosive

solution known as hydrocholoric
acid
 Hydrocholoric acid can cause
irritation to eyes, damage to skin
and etc.
 It is an unsafe chemical.
 The feedstock is unsafe.
Conclusion

 The solar method is a method that uses a design where the

chemicals are safer.
 Solar method just evaporates the seawater.
 Seawater is non-corrosive, can be easily taken, transported
and stored and does not cause irritation to eyes.
 Seawater is the feedstock and it is safe.

 Therefore, the solar method is a SAFER DESIGN