Freedoms of the Air:

• The Chicago Conference,1944 reached to the agreement on the granting of reciprocal rights
of the over flight or of transportation of passengers and cargo led to the adoption of two
supplementary agreements:

i) The International Air Services Transit Agreement (the 'Two Freedoms' Agreement), and

ii) The International Air Transport Agreement (the 'Five Freedoms' Agreement)

The 'Two Freedoms' Agreement refers only to transit rights, namely each Contracting State must
grant to all other Contracting States:

1. The privilege of flying across its territory without landing; and

2. The privilege of landing for non traffic purposes (for example refueling or maintenance).

The 'Two Freedoms' Agreement does not provide for commercial rights in the territory of the grantor
state.

• The 'Five Freedoms' Agreement embraces the fore mentioned freedoms plus three
additional freedoms which are traffic rights. These are:

3. The privilege of putting down passengers, mail and cargo taken on in the territory of the state
whose nationality the aircraft possess,

4. The privilege of taking on passengers, mail and cargo destined for the territory of the state whose
nationality the aircraft possess, and

5. The privilege of taking on passengers, mail and cargo destined for the territory of any other
Contracting State and the privilege to put down passengers, mail and cargo coming from any such
territory.

• The state granting the freedoms may require

i) Transit flights to follow designated routes,

ii) Airlines of states granted the freedoms to provide reasonable services at the airports they
use, and

iii) Payment for the use of airports.