International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)

Volume 8, Issue 5, May 2017, pp. 542–555 Article ID: IJMET_08_05_060

Available online at http:// http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=8&IType=5
ISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359

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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS AND WELD

CHARACTERISTICS ANALYSIS OF SINGLE PASS
SEMI AUTOMATIC TIG WELDING WITH
DISIMILAR STAINLESS STEELS
K. Subbaiyan
P.G Scholar M.E. (Manufacturing Engineering),
Mechanical Engineering Department, Ponnaiyah Ramajayam College of Engineering &
Technology, Tamil Nadu, India

V. Kalaiyarasan
Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, Ponnaiyah
Ramajayam College of Engineering & Technology, Tamil Nadu, India

M. AbdulGhaniKhan
Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department,
Ponnaiyah Ramajayam College of Engineering & Technology, Tamil Nadu, India

ABSTRACT
The dissimilar metal joints of have been emerged as a structural material for various
industrial applications which provides good combination of mechanical properties like
strength, corrosion resistance with lower cost. Selections of joining process for such a
material are difficult because of their physical and chemical properties. The stainless steel
with dissimilar grade joints are very common structural applications joining is very
critical because of carbon precipitation and loss of chromium leads to increase in porosity
affects the quality of joint leads deteriorate strength. In the present investigation, stainless
steel of grades 202 and 409 were welded by semi auto Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding
processes. Quality of the weld bead is always governed by its geometry and configuration
which, in turn are controlled by various welding process input parameters such as welding
speeds, current, and voltage as well as the type of the welding process. The planned
experiments were conducted in the semi auto TIG welding machine. Experimentally found
satisfied tensile and maximum bending strength were Peak current 140 Amps, Base current
100 amps and welding speed 50 mm/min was the best value and it did not create any major
changes and failures in the testing process. Finally optimized through Taguchi design

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 K. Subbaiyan, V. Kalaiyarasan and M. AbdulGhaniKhan

optimum parameter value for 4 mm dissimilar stainless steel was Peak current 140 Amps,
Base current 80 amps and welding speed 70 mm/min.
Key word: Face and Root bend, Hardness, optimization, orthogonal array, S/N ratio.
Cite this Article: K. Subbaiyan, V. Kalaiyarasan and M. AbdulGhaniKhan, Experimental
Investigations and Weld Characteristics Analysis of Single Pass Semiautomatic TIG
Welding with Disimilar Stainless Steels, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering
and Technology, 8(5), 2017, pp. 545-555.
http:// http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=8&IType=5

1. INTRODUCTION
Welding is a permanent joining process used to join different materials like metals, alloys or
plastics, together at their contacting surfaces by application of heat and or pressure. During
welding, the work-pieces to be joined are melted at the interface and after solidification a
permanent joint can be achieved. Sometimes a filler material is added to forma weld pool of molten
material which after solidification gives a strong bond between the materials. Weld ability of a
material depends on different factors like the metallurgical changes that occur during welding,
changes in hardness in weld zone due to rapid solidification, extent of oxidation due to reaction of
materials with atmospheric oxygen and tendency of crack formation in the joint position.

2. ARC WELDING
Among all these types of welding processes arc welding is widely used for different types of
materials. Common types of arc welding process are:

a) Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) or Manual Metal Arc Welding:

This is most common type arc welding process, where a flux coated consumable electrode is used.
As the electrode melts, the flux disintegrates and produces shielding gas that protect the weld area
from atmospheric oxygen and other gases and produces slag which covers the molten filler metal
as it transfer from the electrode to the weld pool. The slag floats to the surface of weld pool and
protects the weld from atmosphere as it solidifies.

b) Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) or Metal inert or active gas welding
(MIG/MAG):
In this type of welding process a continuous and consumable wire electrode is used. A shielding
gas generally argon or sometimes mixture of argon and carbon dioxide are blown through a
welding gun to the weld zone.

c) Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) or Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG):

GTAW or TIG welding process is an arc welding process uses a non consumable tungsten
electrode to produce the weld. The weld area is protected from atmosphere with a shielding gas
generally Argon or Helium or sometimes mixture of Argon and Helium. A filler metal may also
feed manually for proper welding. GTAW most commonly called TIG welding process was
developed during Second World War. With the development of TIG welding process, welding of
difficult to weld materials e.g. Aluminium and Magnesium become possible. The use of TIG today
has spread to a variety of metals like stainless steel, mild steel and high tensile steels, Al alloy,

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 Experimental Investigations and Weld Characteristics Analysis of Single Pass Semiautomatic TIG
Welding with Disimilar Stainless Steels

Titanium alloy. Like other welding system, TIG welding power sources have also improved from
basic transformer types to the highly electronic controlled power source today.

2.1. Advantages of TIG welding

TIG welding process has specific advantages over other arc welding process as follows:
• Narrow concentrated arc
• Able to weld ferrous and non-ferrous metals
• Does not use flux or leave any slag (shielding gas is used to protect the weld-pool and tungsten
electrode)
• No spatter and fumes during TIG welding

2.2. Applications of TIG Welding

The TIG welding process is best suited for metal plate of thickness around 5- 6 mm. Thicker
material plate can also be welded by TIG using multi passes which results in high heat inputs, and
leading to distortion and reduction in mechanical properties of the base metal. In TIG welding high
quality welds can be achieved due to high degree of control in heat input and filler additions
separately. TIG welding can be performed in all positions and the process is useful for tube and
pipe joint. The TIG welding is a highly controllable and clean process needs very little finishing
or sometimes no finishing. This welding process cane used for both manual and automatic
operations. The TIG welding process is extensively used in the so-called high-tech industry
applications such as
• Nuclear industry
• Aircraft
• Food processing industry
• Maintenance and repair work
• Precision manufacturing industry
• Automobile industry

3. SCOPE OF WORK
The dissimilarity of the metals may arise due to the difference in chemical composition. The
chemical composition of the steel affects weld ability and other mechanical properties. Several
elements are purposefully added in the production of structural steel. The present study would be
beneficial in gaining an understanding about the Mechanical Properties that affect the service
performance of these welded joints made using different heat input combinations. Dissimilar joints
are to be conducted for Mechanical properties tests (tensile, hardness). So, there is a comparison
between the joints i.e. tensile and hardness test values in Low heat input and High heat input.

4. MATERIAL USED
Austenitic is the most widely used type of stainless steel. It has a nickel content of at least of 7%,
which makes the steel structure fully austenitic and gives it ductility, a large scale of service
temperature, non-magnetic properties and good weld ability. The range of applications of
austenitic stainless steel includes house wares, containers, industrial piping and vessels,

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 K. Subbaiyan, V. Kalaiyarasan and M. AbdulGhaniKhan

architectural facades and constructional structures. When welding stainless steels it is advisable to
follow the general welding guidelines valid for the type of steel, e.g. austenitic Stainless steels
have, due to their chemical compositions, a higher thermal elongation compared to mild steels.
This may increase weld deformation. Dependent of weld metal microstructure they might also be
more sensitive to hot cracking and sensitive to intermetallic precipitations compared to mild steels.
Austenitic grades are those alloys which are commonly in use for stainless applications. The
austenitic grades are not magnetic. The most common austenitic alloys are iron chromium- nickel
steels and are widely known as the 300 series. The austenitic stainless steels, because of their high
chromium and nickel content, are the most corrosion resistant of the stainless group providing
unusually fine mechanical properties. They cannot be hardened by heat treatment, but can be
hardened significantly by cold-working. The special material properties of stainless steels affect
all four mach inability factors: in general, it can be said that the higher the alloy content of a
stainless steel, the more difficult it is to machine. The special properties that make stainless steels
difficult to machine occur to a greater or lesser extent in all grades of stainless steels, but are most
marked in the austenitic grades. They can be summarized in five points: 1. Stainless steels work-
harden considerably 2. Stainless steels have low thermal conductivity 3. Stainless steels have high
toughness 4. Stainless steels tend to be sticky 5. Stainless steels have poor chip-breaking
characteristics
As the stainless steel is classified in different categories like austenitic, ferritic, martens tic etc.,
from this we have chosen austenitic stainless steel (304) because of its low cost, easy availability
in the market. Stainless steel is selected for carrying out the experimental analysis because of its
many advantages and easy availability in the market.
1. As the stainless steel is classified in different categories like austenitic, ferritic, martenstic etc…
from this we have chosen austenitic stainless steel (202 & 409) because of its low cost, easy
availability in the market.
2. Semi auto TIG welding process are chosen to carry out the experimental analysis on austenitic
stainless steel and martens tic stainless steel.
3. Procedure for carrying out the project : We have taken Nine samples plates (9 pieces of AISI
202and 9 pieces AISI 409 of authentic stainless steels, the material specifications are as follows:
Material: Austenitic& Martenstic stainless steel (202 & 409)
Thickness: 3mm
Length: 100mm
No of pieces: 18

4.1. SS 202
AISI 202 stainless steel is widely used in architectural decoration, municipal engineering,
guardrail, hotel facilities, shopping mall, vitreous armrest, public facilities, etc. By high precision
automation system, through our equipment corrosion, folding forming and welding soluble in any
metal filler, filled with gas protection (tube is welded inside and outside), the welding process and
mode for TIG online eddy current testing solution.

4.1.1. Composition
Typical compositional ranges for grade 202 stainless steels are give Table 4.1Composition ranges
for 202 grade stainless steel

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 Experimental Investigations and Weld Characteristics Analysis of Single Pass Semiautomatic TIG
Welding with Disimilar Stainless Steels

Table 4.1 Chemical composition of 202 grade stainless steel

Grade C% Mn% Cr% Mo% Ni% N%
min. - - 16 to - 0.00- 2.00-
202 max. 0.0 6.80- to 8.50 18 0.25 5.00

4.1.2. Mechanical Properties

Typical mechanical properties for grade 202 stainless steels are given in Table4.2

Table 4.2 Mechanical properties of 202 grade stainless steel

PROPERTIES
Density (×1000 kg/m3) 7.8
Poisson's Ratio 0.27-0.30
Elastic Modulus (GPa) 190-210
Tensile Strength (Mpa) 515
Yield Strength (Mpa) 275
Elongation (%) 40

4.2. SS409
409 is a martensitic stainless steel that provides good corrosion resistance plus high strength and
hardness. It is magnetic in both the annealed and hardened conditions. A wide range of properties
can be developed with different heat treatments. Applications requiring moderate corrosion
resistance and high mechanical properties are ideal for this alloy. Typical uses include flat springs,
knives, kitchen utensils and hand tools

WELDABILITY
The martensitic class of stainless steels has limited weldability due to its hardenability. Special
consideration is required to avoid cold cracking by preheating to 550°F (260°C). Post-weld heat
treatment should be considered to achieve required properties. This particular alloy is generally
considered to have the best weldability of this stainless class. A major difference is the lower
carbon content for this alloy which eliminates the need for post-weld heat treating. When a weld
filler is needed, AWS E/ER 410, 410 NiMo, and 309L are most often specified. Type 409 is well
known in reference literature and more information can be obtained in this way.

4.2.1. Composition
Typical compositional ranges for grade 409 stainless steels are given

Table 4.4 Composition ranges for 409 grade stainless steel

Grade C% Mn% Si% P% S% Cr% Mo% Ni% N%

min. - - - - - 10.50 - 0.50 0.02
409 max. 0.02 0.75 1.00 0.040 0.020 to
11.70

4.2.2. Mechanical Properties

Typical mechanical properties for grade 409 stainless steels are given in Table4.4

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 K. Subbaiyan, V. Kalaiyarasan and M. AbdulGhaniKhan

Table 4.5 Mechanical properties of 409 grade stainless steel

PROPERTIES
Density (×1000 kg/m3) 7.7
Poisson's Ratio 0.27-0.30
Elastic Modulus (GPa) 160-200
Tensile Strength (Mpa) 517
Yield Strength (Mpa) 265
Elongation (%) 30
4.5. SEMI AUTO TIG WELDING MACHINE

Figure 4.1 Semi Auto TIG Machine

GTAW is most commonly used to weld thin sections of stainless steel and non-ferrous metals
such as aluminum, magnesium, and copper alloys. The process grants the operator greater control
over the weld than competing processes such as shielded metal arc welding and gas metal arc
welding, allowing for stronger, higher quality welds. However, GTAW is comparatively more
complex and difficult to master, and furthermore, it is significantly slower than most other welding
techniques.

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 Experimental Investigations and Weld Characteristics Analysis of Single Pass Semiautomatic TIG
Welding with Disimilar Stainless Steels

4.5.1. TIG WELDING MACHINE SPECIFICATION

TIG Welding Machine: Make-RILON 315

TIG : 18 Amps- 315v
Cooling : Air cooling
Frequency : 50Hz

5. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
5.1. TAGUCHI DESIGN
Basically, experimental design methods were developed original fisher. However experimental
design methods are too complex and not easy to use. Furthermore, a large number of experiments
have to be carried out when the number of the process parameters increases, to solve this problem,
the Taguchi method uses a special design of orthogonal arrays to study the entire parameter space
with a small number of experiments only. The experimental results are then transformed into a
signal – to – noise (S/N) ratio to measure the quality characteristics deviating from the desired
values. Usually, there are three categories of quality characteristics in the analysis of the S/N ratio,
i.e., the – lower – better, the – higher – better, and the – nominal – better. The S/N ratio for each
level of process parameter is compared based on the S/N analysis. Regardless of the category of
the quality characteristic, a greater S/N ratio corresponds to better quality characteristics.
Therefore, the optimal level of the process parameters is the level with the greatest S/N ratio
Furthermore, a statistically significant with the S/N and ANOVA [3] analyses, the optimal
combination of the process parameters can be predicted. Finally, a confirmation experiment is
conducted to verify the optimal process parameters obtained from the parameter design. There are
3 Signal-to-Noise ratios of common interest for optimization of Static Problems. The formulae for
signal to noise ratio are designed so that an experimenter can always select the largest factor level
setting to optimize the quality characteristic of an experiment. Therefore a method of calculating
the Signal-To-Noise ratio we had gone for quality characteristic. They are
• Smaller-The-Better,
• Larger-The-Better,
• Nominal is Best.

1. SMALLER IS BETTER
The signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio is calculated for each factor level combination. The formula for the
smaller-is-better S/N ratio using base 10 log is: S/N = -10*log(S (Y2)/n) Where Y = responses for
the given factor level combination and n = number of responses in the factor level combination.

2. LARGER IS BETTER
The signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio is calculated for each factor level combination. The formula for the
larger-is-better S/N ratio using base 10 log is: S/N = -10*log(S (1/Y2)/n) Where Y = responses for
the given factor level combination and n = number of responses in the factor level combination.

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 K. Subbaiyan, V. Kalaiyarasan and M. AbdulGhaniKhan

3. NOMINAL IS BEST
The signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio is calculated for each factor level combination. The formula for the
nominal-is-best I S/N ratio using base 10 log is: S/N = -10*log (s2) Where s = standard deviation

5.2. DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT

Process parameters and their levels responses for all noise factors for the given factor level
combination
Process parameters
Levels PEAK CURRENT BASE CURRENT WELDING SPEED
Amps Amps mm/min
1 130 80 50
2 140 90 60
3 150 100 70

5.3.1. PROCESS PARAMETER

PEAK CURRENT BASE CURRENT WELDING SPEED
SL.NO
Amps Amps mm/min
1 130 80 50
2 130 90 60
3 130 100 70
4 140 80 60
5 140 90 70
6 140 100 50
7 150 80 70
8 150 90 50
9 150 100 60

6.1. INTRODUCTION OF HARDNESS

There are three types of tests used with accuracy by the metals industry; they are the Brinell
hardness test, the Rockwell hardness test, and the Vickers hardness test. Since the definitions of
metallurgic ultimate strength and hardness are rather similar, it can generally be assumed that a
strong metal is also a hard metal. The way the three of these hardness tests measure a metal's
hardness is to determine the metal's resistance to the penetration of a non-deformable ball or cone.
The tests determine the depth which such a ball or cone will sink into the metal, under a given
load, within a specific period of time. The followings are the most common hardness test methods
used in today`s technology:

6.2. ROCKWELL HARDNESS TEST

1. Rockwell Hardness systems use a direct readout machine determining the hardness number based
upon the depth of penetration of either a diamond point or a steel ball. Deep penetration indicated
a material having a low Rockwell Hardness number.
2. However, a low penetration indicates a material having a high Rockwell Hardness number. The
Rockwell Hardness number is based upon the difference in the depth to which a penetrator is driven
by a definite light or “minor” load and a definite heavy or “Major” load.
3. The ball penetrators are chucks that are made to hold 1/16” or 1/8” diameter hardened steel balls.
Also available are ¼” and ½” ball penetrators for the testing of softer materials.

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 Experimental Investigations and Weld Characteristics Analysis of Single Pass Semiautomatic TIG
Welding with Disimilar Stainless Steels

4. There are two types of anvils that are used on the Rockwell hardness testers. The flat faceplate
models are used for flat specimens. The “V” type anvils hold round specimens firmly.
5. Test blocks or calibration blocks are flat steel or brass blocks, which have been tested and marked
with the scale and Rockwell number. They should be used to check the accuracy and calibration of
the tester frequently.

Using the “B” Scale;

a. Use a Diamond indenter
b. Major load: 100 Kgf, Minor load: 10 Kgf
c. Use for Case hardened steel titanium, tool steel.
d. Do not use on hardened steel

6.3. HARDNESS TEST-Rockwell-B-SCALE-HRB

Table 6.1 Hardness Value (After Welding)
BASE WELDING HARDNESS
PEAK CURRENT
Materials CURRENT SPEED HRB
AMPS
AMPS mm/min SS202 SS409
130 80 50 104 96
130 90 60 102 92
130 100 70 103 95
140 80 60 99 92
SS202&SS409 140 90 70 102 97
140 100 50 97 95
150 80 70 104 96
150 90 50 100 98
150 100 60 103 97

6.4. TENSILE TEST&ELONGATION

Friction processed joints are evaluated for their mechanical characteristics through tensile testing.
A tensile test helps determining tensile properties such as tensile strength, yield strength,
percentage of elongation, and percentage of reduction in area and modulus of elasticity. The
welding parameters were randomly chosen within the range available in the machine. The joints
were made with random parameters and evaluate tensile strength and burn off. Then the joints
were made and evaluate the mechanical and metallurgical characteristics. The friction welded
specimens were prepared as per the ASTM standards. The test was carried out in a universal
testing machine (UTM) 40 tones FIE make.

Elongation
Deformation in continuum mechanics is the transformation of a body from a reference
configuration to a current configuration. A configuration is a set containing the positions of all
particles of the body. Contrary to the common definition of deformation, which implies distortion
or change in shape, the continuum mechanics definition includes rigid body motions where shape
changes do not take place A deformation may be caused by external loads, body forces (such as
gravity or electromagnetic forces), or temperature changes within the body.

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 K. Subbaiyan, V. Kalaiyarasan and M. AbdulGhaniKhan

Strain is a description of deformation in terms of relative displacement of particles in the body.

Different equivalent choices may be made for the expression of a strain field depending on whether
it is defined with respect to the initial or the final configuration of the body and on whether the
metric tensor or its dual is considered.
In a continuous body, a deformation field results from a stress field induced by applied forces
or is due to changes in the temperature field inside the body. The relation between stresses and
induced strains is expressed by constitutive equations, e.g., Hooke's law for linear elastic materials.
Deformations which are recovered after the stress field has been removed are called elastic
deformations. In this case, the continuum completely recovers its original configuration. On the
other hand, irreversible deformations remain even after stresses have been removed. One type of
irreversible deformation is plastic deformation, which occurs in material bodies after stresses have
attained a certain threshold value known as the elastic limit or yield stress, and are the result of
slip, or dislocation mechanisms at the atomic level. Another type of irreversible deformation is
viscous deformation, which is the irreversible part of visco elastic deformation

TENSILE STRENGTH RESULT

Table 6.2 Tensile strength value
PEAK BASE WELD
CSA TENSILE LOAD TENSILE STRENGTH
SL.NO CURRENT CURRENT SPEED
mm2 KN N/mm2
Amps Amps mm/min
1 130 80 50 75.60 28.62 378.56
2 130 90 60 76.89 31.42 408.64
3 130 100 70 73.59 28.62 388.93
4 140 80 60 75.25 27.56 366.22
5 140 90 70 75.66 30.26 399.94
6 140 100 50 73.04 31.48 430.98
7 150 80 70 77.77 30.69 394.63
8 150 90 50 76.91 29.86 388.23
9 150 100 60 76.68 31.36 408.97

6.5. TAGUCHI ANALYSIS RESULT-SN RATIO

Table 6.3 S-N Ratio table for Tensile strength

PEAK BASE WELDING TENSILE

SL.NO CURRENT CURRENT SPEED STRENGTH SNRA1
Amps Amps mm/min N/mm2
T1 130 80 50 378.56 51.5627
T2 130 90 60 408.64 52.2268
T3 130 100 70 388.93 51.7974
T4 140 80 60 366.22 51.2748
T5 140 90 70 399.94 52.0399
T6 140 100 50 430.98 52.6891
T7 150 80 70 394.63 51.9238
T8 150 90 50 388.23 51.7818
T9 150 100 60 408.97 52.2338

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 Experimental Investigations and Weld Characteristics Analysis of Single Pass Semiautomatic TIG
Welding with Disimilar Stainless Steels

TAGUCHI ANALYSIS: TS VERSUS PEAK, BASE, WS

6.6 Response Table for Signal to Noise Ratios

Larger is better
Level BASE PEAK WELDING SPEED
1 51.86 51.59 52.01
2 52.00 52.02 51.91
3 51.98 52.24 51.92
Delta 0.14 0.65 0.10
Rank 2 1 3

6.7 Response Table for Means

Level BASE PEAK WELDING SPEED
1 392.0 379.8 399.3
2 399.0 398.9 394.6
3 397.3 409.6 394.5
Delta 7.0 29.8 4.8
Rank 2 1 3

6.8. Table of Analysis of Variance

Source DF Seq SS Adj MS F P % OF CONTRIBUTION
BASE 2 79.57 39.78 0.06 0.945 3
PEAK 2 1369.79 684.90 1.00 0.501 48
W.SPEED 2 44.23 22.11 0.03 0.969 1
Error 2 1376.63 688.31 48
Total 8 2870.22 100

Main Effects Plot for SN ratios

Main Effects Plot for SN ratios

Data Means
PEAK BASE WS
52.3

52.2

52.1
Mean of SN ratios

52.0

51 .9

51 .8

51 .7

51 .6

51 .5
1 30 1 40 1 50 80 90 1 00 50 60 70

Signal-to-noise: Larger is better

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 K. Subbaiyan, V. Kalaiyarasan and M. AbdulGhaniKhan

Main Effects Plot for Means

Main Effects Plot for Means

Data Means
PEAK BASE WS
41 0

405
Mean of Means

400

395

390

385

380

1 30 1 40 1 50 80 90 1 00 50 60 70

6.9. BEND TEST

Many welding codes require bend tests as part of the testing required to qualify welders and
welding procedures specifications (WPSs). The concept of a bend test for welds is simple: two
plates are welded together and a flat strap of metal is cut from the welded plates. Next, the flat
strap of a prescribed size is bent into a U-shape, stretching the material on the outer surface of the
"U," while compressing the material on the inside surface. The purpose is to make certain the weld
and the base metal are properly fused, and that the weld metal and the heat affected zone (HAZ)
have appropriate mechanical properties. Although bend tests appear to be simple, any number of
things can cause good welding procedure specifications or good welders to fail. The person
responsible for accepting or rejecting test results must understand those factors, and know how to
correct for any that are causing inappropriate failure.

6.10. FACE AND ROOT BEND TEST

Root and face bend tests are another simple low cost method of testing. It gives very simple to
understand results and will show any signs of poor fusion or weaknesses such as porosity within
the weld. There are numerous variations on this method, we will look at one of the most simplest
methods.
Whether the sample piece is bent root up or root down decides whether it is a root or face bend
test, with the root on the outside of the bend, in tension that would be a root bend test.
Once a suitable section of the weld is selected, it is prepared for testing. The test piece is then
put into a bending jig and force applied to it directly over the welded area. The piece should bend
around without cracking. A crack would show a weakness of the weld. A neatly bent strip would
show the weld is as strong as the parent metal. This is another testing method that is suited to
students learning welding due to its ease and low cost. When used in recorded circumstances, a
test procedure would be issued, specifying the details such as radius of the punch used and degrees
it needs to be bent to

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 Experimental Investigations and Weld Characteristics Analysis of Single Pass Semiautomatic TIG
Welding with Disimilar Stainless Steels

Table: 6.4 Face and Root Bend Test Result

PEAK BASE WELDING BENDING

SL.NO CURRENT CURRENT SPEED STRENGTH
Amps Amps mm/min RESULT
T3 130 100 70 Not satisfactory
T6 140 100 50 Satisfactory
T9 150 100 60 Not satisfactory

Above mentioned result were obtained from Root and face bend test.

7. CONCLUSION&RESULT
From the investigation on and mechanical property of semi auto TIG butt welding of SS
202&SS409 steel, conclusions were summarized as following TIG welding of stainless steel was
carried out by keeping the constant Gas pressure and varying the other three main welding
parameters, i.e. first peak current Base current asewellas welding speed were varied. Parameter
was selected through design of experiments. Experimentally found the input parameter value Peak
current 140 Amps, Base current 100 amps and welding speed 50 mm/min was the best value and
it did not create any major changes and failures in the testing process and it was comparatively
higher tensile value than other values as well as bending strength value also satisfactory. Finally
optimized value for Tensile strength through Taguchi design for 3 mm dissimilar stainless steel
was Peak current 140 Amps, Base current 80 amps and welding speed 70 mm/min.

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and Technology- Volume2Issue2- 2011
[2] A. Almazrouee, T. Shehata and S. Oraby Effect of Welding Parameters on the Weld Bead
Geometry of Low Alloy Steel using FCAW –Empirical Modeling Approach International
Journal of Mining, Metallurgy & Mechanical Engineering (IJMMME) Volume 3, Issue 3
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