INTRODUCTION WHAT ARE INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS GENERAL HAZARDS IN INDUSTRIES A) FIRE ACCIDENTS B) MECHANICAL C) ELECTRICAL D) CHEMICAL AND PHARMACEUTION E) DUST EXPLOSION
IMAGE FOR UNDERSTANDING BETTER
INDUSTRIAL SAFETY CONCULUSION REFRENCES. INTRODUCTION HAXARD is a situation the posses a leval of threat to life, Health, property or enviroment INDUSTRIAL HAZARD may be defined as any condtion produced by industries that may cause injury or death to personnel or loss of product or propety. SAFETY in simple terms means freedom from the occurrence of risk or injury or loss INDUSRTIAL SAFETY refers to the protection of workers from the danger of industrial accidents. WHAT ARE INDUSTRRIAL HAZARDS? Physical -Noise,Vibration,Heat,Cold,Pressure, Rediation, Fibres…. Chemical – Flammable/Explosive Meterials, Toxics, Senstising agents. Biological – Dust, Pathogens Psyhological – Work place practices & system, Payment system GENERAL HAZARD IN INDUSTRIES FIRE HAZARDS MECHANICAL HAZARDS ELECTRICAL HAZARDS CHEMICAL HAZARDS PHARMACEUTICAL HAZARDS RADIATION HAZARDS DUST EXPLOSION CHEMICAL HAZARDS Chemical hazards are: Toxic Corrosive Irritant Carcinogenic Flammable Mutagenic
Chemical reaction may get out of control due
to: Wrong raw materials Raw materials with impurities Changed operating condition Time delay Equipment failure
SOURCE OF CHEMICAL HAZARDS
1.Solvents used in extraction plants,purification of syuthetic dragus and in chemical analysis may prouduce vapors. This vapors or gases may produce: Breathing problem and suffocation to worker. Imitation or burn to eye or skin of the worker. Explosion in the work place. General anaesthesia or death e.g. chloroform and ether vapor. 2. Liquid chemicals if spilled on workers may produce Dehydration by strong dehydrating agents e.g. concentrated sulfuric acid. Burning by strong acid or alkalis. Oxidation by strong oxidizing agents. 3. Dusts of chemicals produced from different equipment may produce Dermatitis or dust allegies to the workers. Skin and eye imitations. Resistance to certain antibiotics e.g. resistant to chloroform if the same worker is exposed to it regularly. Same dusts may be carcinogenic (producing cancers) SAFETY MEASURES Before starting work with a chemical a “chemical hazard pocket guide” should be consulted for necessary information about the chemical. It will give the type of recation the chemical may produce, its inflammability, carcinogenicity, prevention and treament procedures etc. No eating, drinking, or smoking where chemical are used. Skin should be covered with protective clothing. Clothing should be removed immediately it gets wet or contaminated with a chemical. Eyes or skins should be washed plenty of water after an accident. Face mask may be used in toxic dust or gases. Workers working in antibiotic related products must be changed routinely so that an individual is not exposed to a certain antibiotic for a long period of time. Whenever a dust allergy or respiratory problem precipiutates the worker should immediately be removed from the work place and put under proper healthcare.
BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY
Bhopal gas tragedy, considered as one of the world’s worst industrial chemical hazard It occurred on the night of Dec 2-3,1984 at union carbide INDIA limited pesticid plant in BHOPAL Water enterd Tank 610 contaning 42 tons of MIC. The resulting EXOTHERMIC REACTION increased the temperature inside the tank to over 200 ^C(392 ^F) and raised the pressure. About 30 metric tons of methyl isocyanate (MIC) escaped from the into the atmosphere in 45 to 65 minutes. A leak of methyl isocyanate gas causes 8000 deaths, 5,58,125 injuries. Effects of chemical on exposure SKIN BURN ACHE ANTHRAX ULCER IN HAND, NOSE Etc CANCER IRRITATION ON WIND PIPE
Many chemicals can cause severe burns, if they
come in contact with living tissue. Living tissue may be destroyed by following chemical reactions: Dehydration by dtrong dehydrating agents Digestion by strong acids and bases Oxidation by strong oxidisting agents SOME CLINICAL SYMPTOMS AND HAZARD CAUSING CHEMICALS ORGAN SYMPTOMS CHEMICALS EYES Corneal and Sulphur Conjunctival dioxide, Disturbances hydroge Sulphide NERVOUS Drowsiness CNS SYSTEM depressants MOUTH AND Green tongue Vanadium THROAT Salivation Mercury
Additives Health effects
Azo dyes Bladder Cancer Benzens Leukemia Caustic Soda Blindess & respiratory damage Zinc salts Skin & eye damage Chlorine ions Lung and Skin damage lead Lead poisoning