1

Prepared by Ali Murat KAYIRAN Solution:

Room: A–209 Phone: 5266
E-mail: mkayiran@metu.edu.tr Date: 17/10/2008
10 kN Housing
ME 307 – MACHINE ELEMENTS I
TUTORIAL 4 Bushing
“CONTACT STRESSES” Oil
(Updated part is shown in red)
Prob.1. A pressure fed bearing is shown in the figure below. The journal diameter is Journal

50.00 mm. The bushing has a bore diameter of 50.30 mm and length of 55mm. When
the journal becomes stationary and subjected to 10 kN load, determine
a) the contact area
b) the maximum pressure a) The half width of the contact region is
c) the maximum shear stress and its location
(1 −ν 12 ) (1 −ν 2 2 )
between the journal and bushing. (Ejournal =210 GPa, υ journal =0.32, Ebushing =220 GPa, +
2⋅ F E1 E2
υbushing =0.29)
b= ⋅
π ⋅A 1 1
+
d1 d 2
where d1= 50.00 mm and d2 = -50.30 mm (Negative diameter shows concave surface).
Then,

(1 − 0.322 ) (1 − 0.292 )
+
2 ⋅ (10000) 210000 220000
b= ⋅ b = 2.86 mm
π ⋅ (55) 1
+
1
50.00 −50.30
Then the contact area is:

Ac = 2 ⋅ b ⋅ l = 2 ⋅ (2.86) ⋅ (55) = 314.7 mm 2

(Indices “1” shows journal and “2” shows bushing.)

b) The maximum pressure is

2⋅ F 2 ⋅ (10000)
pmax = = = 40.4 MPa
π ⋅ b ⋅ A π ⋅ (2.86) ⋅ 55
METU – ME 307 Machine Elements I – Fall 2008
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c) Since contact stresses in x, y and z directions are the principal stresses, shear
(1 −ν ) (1 −ν 2 )
2 2
(1 − 0.322 ) (1 − 0.292 )
stresses can be obtained as follows, + 1
+
σ x −σ z σ y −σ z σ x −σ y 2⋅ F E1 E2 2 ⋅ (10000) 210000 220000
τ xz ( z ) = , τ yz ( z ) = , τ xy ( z ) = . b= ⋅ = ⋅
2 2 2 π ⋅A 1 1
+ π ⋅ (55) 1
+
1
d1 d 2 50.00 −100.00
The maximum shear stress is one of the first two shear stresses, i.e.
τ max ( z ) = max (τ xz ,τ yz ) . In order to determine the maximum value of τ max ( z ) , b = 0.31 mm

τ x z ( z ) and τ yz ( z ) w.r.t. z should be equated to zero. When both

Then the contact area is:
derivative of
equations are solved it can be seen that τ yz ( zmax ) gives the maximum value of the Ac = 2 ⋅ b ⋅ l = 2 ⋅ (0.31) ⋅ (55) = 34.3 mm 2
maximum shear stress, τ max ( z ) . The maximum pressure is
2⋅ F 2 ⋅ (10000)
In addition, stress distributions of two contacting cylinders are given in Fig 3-39 for pmax = = = 370.4 MPa
υ = 0.3 . Since it is close to the Poison’s ratios of this question, location and π ⋅ b ⋅ A π ⋅ (0.31) ⋅ 55
magnitude of the maximum shear stress can also be found from the given graph.
Using Fig. 3-39 and the information given there τ yz becomes the largest of the three
shear stresses at about z/b=0,75. This stress occurs at zmax ≅ 0.75 ⋅ b ≅ 2.14 mm
¾ Case 2: D1=50.00mm, D2= ∞ (D2/ D1= ∞ )
below the contact surfaces. Its maximum value is given by:
τ yz ( zmax ) ≅ 0.30 ⋅ pmax ≅ 12.1 MPa

Supplementary Information:
In the journal bearings, diameters of bushing bore and journal are so close to each
other. In other words, diameter ratio is almost 1. In many cases, this ratio is different
than 1. In order to understand the effect of diameter ratio, bore diameter will be
(1 −ν 12 ) (1 −ν 2 2 ) (1 − 0.322 ) (1 − 0.292 )
increased while journal diameter will be held constant. Calculations of 3 different + +
2⋅ F E1 E2 2 ⋅ (10000) 210000 220000
cases are shown below. b= ⋅ = ⋅
π ⋅A 1
+
1 π ⋅ (55) 1
+
1
¾ Case 1: D1=50.00mm, D2=-100.00mm (D2/ D1=-2) d1 d 2 50.00 ∞
b = 0.21 mm
Then the contact area is:

Ac = 2 ⋅ b ⋅ l = 2 ⋅ (0.21) ⋅ (55) = 24.3 mm 2

The maximum pressure is

METU – ME 307 Machine Elements I – Fall 2008

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2⋅ F 2 ⋅ (10000)
pmax = = = 523.8 MPa
π ⋅ b ⋅ A π ⋅ (0.21) ⋅ 55

Pmax
¾ Case3: D1=50.00mm , D2=100.00 mm (D2/ D1=2) (MPa)

4 8
d2/d1

(1 −ν 12 ) (1 −ν 2 2 ) (1 − 0.322 ) (1 − 0.292 )
+ +
2⋅ F E1 E2 2 ⋅ (10000) 210000 220000
b= ⋅ = ⋅
π ⋅A 1 1
+ π ⋅ (55) 1
+
1 Ac
d1 d 2 50.00 100.00 (mm2)
b = 0.18 mm
Then the contact area is:

Ac = 2 ⋅ b ⋅ l = 2 ⋅ (0.18) ⋅ (55) = 19.8 mm 2

The maximum pressure is
2⋅ F 2 ⋅ (10000)
pmax = = = 641.5 MPa
π ⋅ b ⋅ A π ⋅ (0.18) ⋅ 55 4 8
d2/d1

As shown in the graphs below, the contact area increases rapidly as the diameters
Concave and convex Two convex surfaces are in
become equal (d2/d1=1). As the the d2/d1 ratio increases (Case 1), maximum pressure surfaces are in contact. contact. (Case 3)
increases and reaches to the maximum value of 523.8 MPa which corresponds to the (Case 1)

flat contact problem in Case 2. Note that Hertz equations are valid for b<<d.

METU – ME 307 Machine Elements I – Fall 2008