Keberlanjutan Kualitas Lingkungan 1:

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Risiko Lingkungan & Kesehatan Manusia
BI2001 Pengetahuan Lingkungan
 Risiko lingkungan
 Risiko biologis, ekotoksikologi: penyakit
 Risiko kimiawi
 Atmosfer & pencemaran udara
 Sumber utama pencemaran udara
 Perubahan iklim dan penipisan lapisan
ozon
 Solusi berkelanjutan
 Contoh-contoh kasus di Indonesia

Pustaka Utama : Miller & Spoolman (2012); Botkin & Keller

(2011); Status Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia 2012
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 Menjelaskan resiko lingkungan, resiko biologis,

ekotoksikologi: penyakit, dan resiko kimiawi
 Menjelaskan pemahaman mengenai atmosfer &
pencemaran udara, dan sumber utama pencemaran
udara
 Menjelaskan perubahan iklim dan penipisan lapisan
ozon
 menjelaskan alternatif solusi yang berkelanjutan
 What Major Health Hazards Do We Face?
Concept 1:We face health
hazards from :
• Biological hazards : bacteria,
viruses, etc
• Chemical hazards : Harmful
chemical in air, water, & soil
• Natural hazards : floods,
earthquakes, volcanoic
eruptions
• Cultural hazards : unsafe
working conditions, criminal
assault, poverty.
• Lifestyle hazards : smoking,
drinking alcohol, etc.
 Pathway of infectious disease
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Concept 2A: Infectious disease are still major health threats

 Reduce the Incidence of Infectious Disease
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 Pathway of Toxic Materials
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Concept 2B: There is growing concern about chemicals in the enviroment that can cause
cancers and birth defect, and disupt the human immune, nervous, and endocrine system
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Concept 3: We can reduce the major risks we face by becoming
informed, thinking critically about risks, and making careful choices.
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 Air pollution
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Concept 4A: The Nature of

Atmosphere: the two innermost layers
of the atmosphere are
(1) the troposhere which supports
life, and
(2) the stratosphere, which contain
the portective ozone layer.
 The major outdoor air pollution problems
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Concept 4B: Pollutants mix in the air to form industrial smog, primarily as a result of burning
coal, and photochemical smog, caused by emissions from motor vehicle, industrial facilities, and
power plant.
 Climate disruption
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Concept 5A: Considerable scientific evidence indicates that the earth’s atmosphere is
warming, because of combination of natural effect and human activites, and that this
warming is likely to lead to significant climate disruption
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 Some Possible Effects of a Warmer
Atmosphere
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Concept 5B: The projected rapid change in the

atmosphere’s temperature could have severe and long-
lasting consequence, including increased drought and
flooding, rising sea levels, and shifts in the locations of
croplands and wildlife habitat.
What can we do to slow projected climate
disruption?
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 Ozone depletion
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Concept 6A: Our widespread use of certain chemicals has

reduced ozone levels on the stratosphere, which has
allowed harmful ultraviolet radiation to reach the earth’s
surfaces.
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Concept 6B: To reverse ozone depletion, we must stop

producing ozone-depleting chemicals and adhere to the
international treaties that ban such chemicals.
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 Montreal protocol
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In 1987, representatives of 36 nations met and developed

the Montreal Protocol. This treaty’s goal was to cut
emissions of CFCs by about 35% between 1989-2000.
 Later, in 1989 after hearing more bad news about seasonal ozone thinning above
Antarctica, 93 countries representatives met and adopted Copenhagen Protocol, an
amendment that accelerated the phase-out key ozone depleting chemicals.
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 Contoh Kasus Di Indonesia
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Polusi debu akibat aktivitas pabrik semen.

Debu hasil dari produksi semen dapat
masuk melalui proses inhalasi yang dapat
masuk ke paru-paru jika tidak tersaring
sebelumnya di hidung. Debu hasil aktivitas
produksi semen mengandung Oksida Silika
(SiO2), Oksida Alumina (Al2O3),
Magnesium Oksida (MgO), dan Trikalsium
Silikat (3CaOSiO2). Yang bisa
menyebabkan iritasi kulit dan gangguan
fungsi paru-paru, serta gangguan pada
organ lain.
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 Cita Citarum
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• Infographic video about Cita Citarum

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=neTc7sZRSd8
 Daftar Pustaka
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 Botkin, Daniel B. 2011.Environmental science : earth as a

living planet. Chapter 10, 21, & 22.
 Miller, G Taylor. Spoolman. 2012. Living in the
environment. Chapter 17, 18, &19.