Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Introduction
History & Development of Grouting
Grout & its types
Desirable Characteristics of Grout
Grouting Methods
I. Permeation Grouting
II. Displacement-Compaction Grouting
III. Displacement-Soil Fracture Grouting
IV. Jet or Replacement –Displacement Grouting
V. Rock Fissure Grouting
VI. Tube-a-Manchettes(TAM) Grouting
• Conclusion
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Injection of slurry or a liquid solution into a soil or
rock formation is termed as grouting. The injected
material is referred to as the grout. The process of
grouting was developed primarily as a technique
for making vertical seepage barriers beneath dams
and hydraulic structures by injecting cement slurry
into the void space of river bed material.
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Its traceable record can be as early as in the beginning of 1800s.
In 1802, the idea of improving the bearing capacity under a
sluice by the injection of self-hardening cementitious slurry was
first introduced.
In 1893, the first systematic grouting of rock in the USA as
performed at the New Croton Dam, in New York.
In 1960s, jet grouting technique was developed.
In 1977, first application of compaction grouting for controlling
ground movement during construction of the Bolton Hill Tunnel.
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Grout is a construction material used to embed rebars in masonry
walls, connect sections of pre-cast concrete, fill voids, and seal joints
(like those between tiles).
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Suspension :- Suspensions consist of small-sized
particles dispersed in a liquid medium. These include
cement grouts, that is, slurry of cement in water; soil-
cement grouts consisting of slurry of soil and cement in
water; and Bentonite grouts comprising slurry of
Bentonite in water.
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3. Setting Time:- Is the time it takes before the grout sets into a cemented
mass or gel. Early setting can cause difficulty in grout reaching its
destination and late setting can result in the grout being washed away if
seepage is occurring through the soil. Additives are used to retard or
accelerate the setting time as required.
4. Permanence:- Indicates the resistance the grout possess against being
displaced from the soil voids with time. Cement grouts have greater
permanence than Bentonite grouts which can get washed away with time
by seepage of water through the grouted zone.
5. Toxicity:- Is the capacity of the grout to contaminate the ground water
coming in contact with it and of adversely affecting the health of workers
handling and injecting the grout into the soil.
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1. Permeation Grouting
2. Displacement-Compaction Grouting
5. Rock-Fissure grouting
6. Tube-a-Manchettes(TAM) Grouting
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1. Permeation Grouting:- Permeation Grouting is defined as a
means of impregnating the voids within a soil or rock mass and
thereby displacing water and air from the voids and replacing it
with grout, without displacing the soil particles or widening the
existing fissures in the rock. It includes:-
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Application of Permeation Grouting:-
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(a) Grout curtain beneath dam
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=
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2. Displacement-Compaction Grouting:- Compaction grouting is the
injection of a thick, low mobility grout that remains in a homogeneous
mass without entering soil pores. As the grout mass expands, the
surrounding soil is displaced and densified. A conceptual drawing of
compaction grouting is shown below:-
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Application of Displacement-Compaction Grouting:-
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3. Displacement-Soil Fracture Grouting:- Soil fracture grouting
technique is a displacement grouting technique in which a learn
slurry of cement, soil and water is injected into the soil at high
pressure to fracture the soil and form root-like or thin lens shaped
zones of grout material in the soil mass. The grout material
spreads all around the grout hole causing densification of the soil
mass and an increase in its macroscopic strength.
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4. Jet or Replacement-Displacement Grouting:-
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The sequence followed in jet grouting
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Application of Jet-Grouting:-
Grouted Columns:-
Jet grouted columns can be formed in almost all types of soil
ranging from sandy gravels to clays. Sands are best suited for
treatment yielding the largest diameter of columns. Presence of
inter particle attractive forces reduces the erosive efficiency of the
jets. Hence diameter of grouted columns are progressively smaller
in sandy silts, silts, clayey silts and clay. Gravels do not respond
well to jet grouting both because of loss of water or grout through
its voids and the difficulty in removing gravel particles.
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Applications of jet grouting
5. Rock Fissure Grouting:-
Rock fissure grouting is the use of a hole drilled through the fissures
and joints of a rock mass to allow grout to be injected at close
centers vertically and re-injecting, if necessary.
Grouting Mechanism
There is only one grouting mechanism for rock grouting. The
following schematic diagrams show how the mechanism for grouting
in rock is. The grout is injected under pressure through the grout
hole drilled into the rock mass to be treated.
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Grouting in Progress Grouting Completed
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Application of Rock-Fissure Grouting:-
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6. Tube-a-Manchettes(TAM) Grouting:-
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Applications of Tube-a-Manchettes(TAM) Grouting:-
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CONCLUSION
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THANK YOU
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