Dissertation : Evaluation of pipeline capacity with variation of water production during the life of the field

2016
duction during the life of the field
Input Data

Oil Water Liquid Gas Mixture

Flow Rate q 15000 2857.14 17857.1 4E+06

84218.745 16041.7 100260 4E+06 3.6E+12
Water Cut WC 16
Gas Liquid Ratio GLR 201.60
Oil Degree APIº 34
Specific Gravity SG 0.853952927 1 0.653
Density @StC ρ 53.20126735 62.3 54.6571 8.53595
Viscosity µ 0.23 1.02 0.3564 0.015
Surface Tension σ 8.41 8.41
Pipe Diameter d 24
2
Roughness ε 0.0015

Inclination ϴ 0
0
Horizontal Distance X

Elevation Z 100
328.084
Length L 10000
32808.4
Gravitational Constant g 9.80665
gc 32.174
Pressure Operating/Inlet P 2000000
290
Temperature Operating T 20
68
Output

Area of Pipe Ap 3.1415926536

Relative Roughness ε/d 0.0000625

Velocity - Superficial vs 0.310273833 0.0591 0.36937 1E+07 13262912

Reynold's Number Re 1.28446E+11

Flow [Laminar/ Turbulent] turbulent

Liquid HoldUp
No Slip λL 0.027095501
Froude Number NFr 2.73365E+12
 Seg/ Interm/
Flow Pattern Distribu Distributed
HL(0) 0.022765191
uphill/
Direction downhill downhill
Slip HL 0.022765191
Density - slip ρs 9.585903747
Density - no slip ρn 9.785622494
Viscosity - slip µs 0.022772036
Viscosity - no slip µn 0.024250404
Friction Factor fn 0.002743169
y 52.28228901
s 1.156893552
f/fn es 3.180039291
with slip f 0.008723384

Pressure loss due to friction

dP/dL 4.66709E+11
3.24E+09
dPf 1.06E+14

Pressure Loss due to Kinetic

dP/dL

dPkinetic

Pressure loss due to elevation

dP/dL 0
0
dPele 0

Total Pressure Drop

dP/dL 3241034863
dP 3.24103E+13

dP( including
Leff) 5.06241E+13

Poutlet -5.0624E+13
-3.4906E+12
 Conversion
Unit Factor
STB/d
MMSCFD 5.6146 ft3/barrel
sft3/d
%

lbm/ft3
cp
dynes/cm
inch 12 inch/ft
ft
inch

deg 0.0175
rad

m
ft 3.2808 ft/m
m 3.2808 ft/m
ft
m/ s2
ft/s2
Pa 0.0001 psi/pa
psi
C
F
b

ft2

ft/s In case of no Slippage, the superficial velocities will all be

equal per phase vL = vg = vm
psf/ft 144 psf/psi
psi/ft
psi

psf/ft
psi/ft
psi

psi/ft
psi

psia 14.503 psi/bar

bar
Fanning Friction Factor
Unit
Pipe Diameter d 24 inch
2 ft
roughness ε 0.0015 inch
relative roughness ε/d 0.0000625

Reynold Number Re 128445713775

Laminar/Turbulent turbulent

Friction Factor f 0.0027431687

Friction Factor - Turbulent f 0.0027431687

Constants A 7.983988E+22
B 2.82191E-105
Table 4.2
Flow Pattern a b c
Segregated 0.98 0.4846 0.0868
Intermitten 0.845 0.5351 0.0173
Distributed 1.065 0.5824 0.0609

Selected 1.065 0.5824 0.0609

HL(0) 0.02276519

NLv 1.14296311

Table 4.3
Flow Pattern e f g h
Segregated 0.011 -3.768 3.539 -1.614
Uphill Intermitten 2.96 0.305 -0.4473 0.0978
Distributed -
Downhill All 4.7 -0.3692 0.1244 -0.5056
Distributed C 0
ψ 1

Uphill
Selected NA NA NA NA

Final 4.7 -0.3692 0.1244 -0.5056

C -11.268464
ψ 1

HL(θ) 0.02276519

Y
Friction Factor Equations
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanning_friction_factor

http://www.efm.leeds.ac.uk/CIVE/CIVE1400/Section4/laminar_turbulent.htm
http://www.fekete.com/SAN/WebHelp/FeketeHarmony/Harmony_WebHelp/Content/HTML_Files/Reference_Materia
Flow-Pattern
http://www.slideshare.net/1948yo/flujo-multifasico
L_Files/Reference_Material/Calculations_and_Correlations/Pressure_Loss_Calculations.htm
Oil/Water Mixture

Black Oil Model - No free Water

Compositional Model - Free Water Exists

Category
Flow Pattern Prediction

Bubble/ slug transition

λg B/S = LB
LB -2E+12
Flow Pattern

Flow Pattern Transition Boundaries

λL 0.0270955013 0
L1 106.2727781818
L2 6.8194832563
L3 18.8552927572
L4 18117936658.05

NFr 2733648948069

Flow Pattern Conditions

Segregated
HoldUp λL<0.01 NO
Froude NFr<L1 NO
Met NO
or
λL>=0.01 YES
NFr<L2 NO
Met NO

Conditions Met NO

Transition
HoldUp λL>=0.01 YES
Froude L2<=NFr<=L3 NO

Conditions Met NO

Intermittent
HoldUp 0.01<=λL<0.4 NO
Froude L3<NFr<=L1 NO
Met NO
or
λL>=0.4 NO
L3<NFr<=L4 NO
Met NO

Conditions Met NO

Distributed
HoldUp λL<0.4 YES
Froude NFr>=L1 YES
Met YES
 λL>=0.4 NO
NFr>L4 YES
Met NO

Conditions Met YES

Flow Pattern Distributed

Effective Length
Conversion factor
D 24 inch 0.0254 m/inch
0.6096 m

fittings Number
Nozzle Outlet 19.5072 1 19.5072
Nozzle Inlet 39.0144 1 39.0144
90 Deg Elbow 12.192 2 24.384
45 deg Elbow 9.7536 2 19.5072
T-Straight 12.192 1 12.192
T-Side 39.624 0 0
Ball Valve 27.432 0 0
Gate Valve 7.9248 0 0
Globe Valve 97.536 2 195.072
Check Valve 82.296 4 329.184

Leff 638.8608 m 0.3048 m/ft

2096 ft

dP 1.82E+13 psi