Dental Implants & Classification:

By Dr. Nomi Lee.

Nomi Lee, DDS
Address: 701 N. Highland Springs
STE 11Beaumont, CA 92223
Ph.No: 951-845-4557
www.nomileedds-beaumont.com
 Introduction

A dental implant is a titanium post that is surgically

positioned into the jawbone beneath the gum line
that allows your dentist to mount replacement teeth
or a bridge into that area. Dental implants also
benefit general oral health because they do not have
to be anchored to other teeth, like bridges.
 What Is Dental Implant?
●
A dental implant is a small titanium screw secured in the
jawbone that serves as the replacement for the root
portion of a missing natural tooth.
●
Titanium’s special property of fusing to bone allows the
dental implant to stabilize the bone preventing bone loss
and maintaining its shape and density.
●
The implant serves as an anchor for the replacement
tooth or teeth (single crowns, bridges or dentures)
●
Dental implants are surgically placed into the jaw. They
can be placed in either the upper or lower jaw.
●
Dental implants can be used in solutions for replacing
single or multiple missing teeth.
 Classification of Dental Implant:
The classification of dental implant is based on
five things:
1. Implant Design.
2. Mechanism of attachment.
3. Design of microscopic body.
4. Surface of the implant.
5. Material Used.
 Implant Design:

Implant design is sub

classified as follows.
●
Endosteal Implant.
●
Subperiosteal Implant.
●
Transosteal Implant.
●
Intramucosal Implant.
 Endosteal Implant:
●
These implant is made of
metallic, ceramic or polymeric
material and is available in the
form of blade, screw or pin
(Cylinder). They are horse
shoe shaped device placed
above gum tissue. This is the
most commonly used and
safer method than other
methods. This endosteal
implant is usually placed into
the bone.
 Subperiosteal Implant:

●
This implant is a
lightly weighted metal
implant. This is placed
under the bone and is
suitable for patients
having limited jaw
structure.
 Transosteal Implant:
●
This implant is
recommended for
people who do not
have enough jaw bone
and no teeth on the
lower jaw. This is
placed through the
chin bone until it gets
exposed into the
mouth.
 Intramucosal Implant:
●
This implant is
designed in a
mushroom shape with
titanium projections.
In this treatment,
implants are placed in
two rows and then
dentures are placed on
implants.
 Mechanism of attachment:
●
Mechanism of
attachment is
subclassified as
1. Osseointegration.
2. Fibrointegration.
 Osseointegration
●
It is a process in which
an implant is placed in
such a mechanism that
there is a contact
between bone and the
loaded implant's
surface. With this
process, one can
replace from a single
tooth to all the teeth
on upper and lower
jaw.
 Fibrointegration
●
It is also known as
periodontal fibers. In
this treatment, there is
an encapsulation of
implant with the soft
tissue. The abutment
is attached
immediately after the
placement of an
implant.
 Design of microscopic body
●
Design of microscopic body is
sub classified as
1. Cylinder dental implant.
2. Thread dental implant.
3. Plateau dental implant.
4. Perforated dental implant.
5. Solid dental implant.
6. Hallow dental implant.
 Cylinder dental implant
●
This dental implant is
available in a
cylindrical shape with
a small surface area.
This is used to replace
single teeth on the jaw
bone.
 Thread dental implant:
●
In these dental
implant, the surface is
threaded to maximize
the surface area of the
implant.
 Plateau dental implant:
●
These dental implants
have sloping shoulder
and are a plateau in
shape. It has a
maximum strength
between the bone and
the implant surface
area.
 Perforated dental implant
●
These dental implants
are perforated with
the mixture of
cellulose acetate and
supported by the
perforated metallic
sheet layer.
 Solid dental implant:

●
This dental implant
has a circular cross-
section without vent
or hallow in the body.
 Hallow dental implant

●
These dental implants
are hallow shaped in
the apical portion and
perforations are made
on the sides of the
implant.
 Surface of the implant
●
Surface of the implant is sub
classified as
1. Smooth surface implant.
2. Machined surface
implant.
3. Textured surface implant.
4. Coated surface implant.
 Smooth surface implant

●
These smooth surface
implant is designed to
have a very smooth
surface and is used to
prevent the microbial
plaque retention.
 Machined surface implant

●
These implants
provide support to the
bone and are
machined on their
surface.
 Textured surface implant

●
These implant the
bondage between the
implant and the bone
increases the surface
roughness of the
implant.
 Coated surface implant
●
The coating materials
used for coating the
implants are titanium
and hydroxyapatite.
 Material used
●
Based on the type of material
used the dental implant are
classified as
1. Metallic implant.
2. Ceramic implant.
3. Polymeric implant.
4. Carbon compounded implant.
 Metallic implant
●
The commonly used
metallic implants are
made up of titanium,
stainless steel,
Vitallium, and cobalt
chromium
molybdenum alloy.
 Ceramic implant

●
These implants are
coated with ceramic
materials like plasma
sprays to produce
bioactive surface.
 Polymeric implant
●
These dental implant
are made of Poly Methyl
methacrylate and
polytetraflouroethylene.
These implants acts as
adjuncts with other
implants.
 Carbon compounded implant

●
These dental implants
are made up of carbon
or stainless steel.