TITTLE : RUNNING SPEED STUDY

TABLE CONTENT

1.0 Introduction 2

1.1 Objectives 2

1.2 Learning Outcomes 2

1.3 Theoretical Background 2

2.0 Problem Statement 2

3.1 Apparatus 3

3.2 Procedure 3

3.3 Data Acquisition 4

4.0 Discussion 6

4.1 Conclusion 6

5.0 Reference 7

5.1 Appendix 8

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

Level 1 laboratory activity refers to condition where the problem and ways & means
are guided and given to the students. However the answers to the assignment are left to
the students to solve using the group creativity and innovativeness. The activity is hope to
slowly introduced and inculcate independent learning amongst students and prepare them
for a much harder task of open-ended laboratory activities.

In this laboratory activity, running speed is determined by dividing the total distance
by the total running time (only the time vehicle is in motion) for the route. That is, all stop-
time delays are excluded. Running speed studies are conducted over a specified route for
determining quality of service between alternate routes. In this laboratory activity, the traffic
pattern at a distance of 0.5 kilometers between two points is identify by dividing the total
distance with the total running time taken

1.1 OBJECTIVE

The objective of the test is:

To determine the speed of vehicles travel between two points by using manual
calculation

1.2 LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the laboratory activity, students would be able to:

1. Identify the pattern of the running speed between two points at a particular location
2. Analyze the data correctly and present in typical format
3. Work in a group to produce a technical report.

1.3 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

For selecting a location and layout; care must be exercised so that the observer can clearly
see any vertical reference posts. The observer should be positioned higher than the study
area and be looking down. When recording observations on Stopwatch Spot Speed Data
Form, the observer should be records the date, location, and posted speed limit, weather
conditions, start time, end time, and down time. The watch is stopped when the vehicle’s
front wheels pass a reference line in front of the observer. To calculate vehicle speed, use
the predetermined study area length and the elapsed time as recorded on the stopwatch
data form. The formula is V = d / t unit in (km/hr).

Problem Statement

Running speed study is designed to measure the speed at a specific location under the
traffic and environmental conditions prevailing at the time of the study and determined
between two points on a roadway. Speeds vary with the type of road and traffic volume.

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Level of service based on speed is an indicator of quality of traffic flow. In this laboratory
activity, a distance of 0.5 km between two points at particular location is chosen and a time
for a vehicle passing through from first point to another point is recorded. The running speed
is measured by dividing the distance passing through with the time taken. Common unit is
km/hr.

3.1 APPARATUS

I. Stop watch
II. Distance tape measurement (Wheel Distance Measurement)
III. Road Cone
IV. Safety jacket

3.2 PROCEDURES

I. Site Location was choosed and it is main road in front of Seri Mutiara. Point A and B
was marked by Road Cone and distance between this two point is 0.5km and was
measured by Wheel Distance Measurement.
II. Two observer groups was formed and consist of two persons per group and was
placed on point A and point B
III. The position where the drivers will not be aware that their vehicle were being
recorded was selected .
IV. The plate number was recorded together with the time at which the car passes at
point A and point B by observer .
V. The delay time was observed and recorded (stop at traffic light or etc).
VI. The times of arrival at the beginning and end of the test section for each plate
number recorded was matched .
VII. The speed samples was observed for more than 50 for more accurate of the results.
At the end of this test, we were able to observed for 53 vehicles .

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3.3 DATA ACQUISITION

TIME TIME TIME

PLATE TIME DISTANCE
NO. CHECK TAKEN TAKEN SPEED(KM/HR)
NO. CHECK IN , KM
OUT (S) (HOUR)
1 7693 8.38 9.07 27 0.00750 0.5 66.67
2 1008 8.56 9.25 29 0.00806 0.5 62.07
3 3476 9.03 9.39 36 0.01000 0.5 50.00
4 6352 9.13 9.47 34 0.00944 0.5 52.94
5 1903 9.42 10.30 48 0.01333 0.5 37.50
6 9559 9.54 10.26 22 0.00611 0.5 81.82
7 2838 10.12 10.41 29 0.00806 0.5 62.07
8 6808 10.56 11.19 23 0.00639 0.5 78.26
9 4649 11.05 11.47 42 0.01167 0.5 42.86
10 550 11.21 11.59 38 0.01056 0.5 47.37
11 1909 11.40 12.10 30 0.00833 0.5 60.00
12 3229 12.12 12.35 23 0.00639 0.5 78.26
13 2352 12.19 12.48 36 0.01000 0.5 50.00
14 3938 12.31 13.00 29 0.00806 0.5 62.07
15 9949 13.29 13.50 21 0.00583 0.5 85.71
16 1696 13.41 14.10 19 0.00528 0.5 94.74
17 7228 14.18 14.41 23 0.00639 0.5 78.26
18 4991 14.19 14.48 29 0.00806 0.5 62.07
19 1086 14.44 15.07 23 0.00639 0.5 78.26
20 8570 14.50 15.25 25 0.00694 0.5 72.00
21 3708 15.05 15.47 42 0.01167 0.5 42.86
22 7744 15.37 15.58 21 0.00583 0.5 85.71
23 5923 16.21 16.53 32 0.00889 0.5 56.25
24 7729 16.25 16.48 23 0.00639 0.5 78.26
25 9681 16.46 17.14 28 0.00778 0.5 64.29
26 4236 16.48 17.17 29 0.00806 0.5 62.07
27 8008 16.57 17.25 28 0.00778 0.5 64.29
28 2365 17.05 17.38 33 0.00917 0.5 54.55
29 1378 17.18 17.47 29 0.00806 0.5 62.07
30 2104 17.31 18.00 29 0.00806 0.5 62.07
31 2020 17.40 18.09 29 0.00806 0.5 62.07
32 2882 18.11 18.40 29 0.00806 0.5 62.07
33 882 18.19 18.52 33 0.00917 0.5 54.55
34 93 18.19 18.53 34 0.00944 0.5 52.94
35 8200 18.41 19.09 28 0.00778 0.5 64.29
36 5586 19.14 19.40 26 0.00722 0.5 69.23
37 1971 19.21 19.52 31 0.00861 0.5 58.06
38 9514 19.36 20.05 29 0.00806 0.5 62.07
39 5969 19.38 20.26 48 0.01333 0.5 37.50
40 4037 19.51 20.20 29 0.00806 0.5 62.07

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 TIME TIME TIME
PLATE TIME DISTANCE
NO. CHECK TAKEN TAKEN SPEED(KM/HR)
NO. CHECK IN , KM
OUT (S) (HOUR)
41 4422 20.16 20.55 39 0.01083 0.5 46.15
42 7563 20.16 20.46 30 0.00833 0.5 60.00
43 9314 20.44 21.19 35 0.00972 0.5 51.43
44 5609 20.48 21.22 34 0.00944 0.5 52.94
45 2213 21.09 21.34 25 0.00694 0.5 72.00
46 9683 21.18 21.46 28 0.00778 0.5 64.29
47 8688 21.26 21.55 29 0.00806 0.5 62.07
48 8372 21.32 22.07 35 0.00972 0.5 51.43
49 7077 21.52 22.14 22 0.00611 0.5 81.82
50 314 22.04 22.54 50 0.01389 0.5 36.00
51 633 25.52 26.08 16 0.00444 0.5 112.50
52 8882 25.25 26.01 36 0.01000 0.5 50.00
53 912 28.58 29.20 22 0.00611 0.5 81.82
TOTAL : 3342.61
AVERAGE SPEED KM/H : 63.07
Table 1.0 : Result of the experiment

Calculation:

Example for no. 5

𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 = 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐵 – 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐴

= 10.30 − 9.42

= 48 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠

1 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 = 0.000277778 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠

48 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 = 0.01333 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠

𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒(𝑘𝑚) / 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 (ℎ𝑟)

𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = 0.5𝑘𝑚/0.01333 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠

𝑺𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 = 𝟑𝟕. 𝟓𝟎𝒌𝒎/𝒉𝒓

𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 / 𝑛𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑒ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒

= 3342.61/53

= 𝟔𝟑. 𝟎𝟕 𝒌𝒎/𝒉𝒓

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4.0 DISCUSSION

After conducting this experiment, many things that we can see and we can observe.
In fact, in the course of this experiment, there are several factors that influence the result.
Firstly, there are some vehicles that slow down their vehicle after knowing we're making an
observation. Because of this, we cannot know the actual speed of the vehicle should be.

In addition, it is due to lack of tools to communicate with the other group at other
check point. This cause we do not know some information that we should know. Moreover,
there are some interruptions in the conducting of this experiment. For example, one of the
road user try to bother us from conducting this experiment because they thinks bad because
of what we do. Because of them, we miss to take some readings and time to stopwatch has
been altered. Because of this, our data on point B are not same as data on point A. After
thats, vehicle too much at one time also makes us difficult to get the plate number and an
accurate reading.

The average speed was calculated and the speed is more than speed limit which
was set on this main road ( 60km/h) . This may be due to several factors such as user was
hurry to go home because it is time to go home from work.

But, from the observation there are some car are too slow when crossing this road.
This is due to the surface of road that has some potholes and uneven road. To prevent this
,the region's roads should be repaired immediately because it can bring many benefits such
as the avoidance of accidents.

4.1 CONCLUSION

At the end of this experiment, we were able to determine the speed of vehicles travel
between two points by using manual calculation and formula. The formula of speed is
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑(𝑣) = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒(𝑘𝑚) / 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 (ℎ𝑟).

To get the right decisions, every error or mistake must be overcome. by providing
adequate equipment before starting experimen.tambahan again, make sure the position of
the observer can not be seen by the driver. Finally, the students should be focused and
careful when doing observations

We can conclude that average the speed of vehicles in Jalan Persiaran Seri Alam
after 5 p.m is about 63.07 km/hr higher than speed limit given (60km/hr). This is because the
users of the road rashly back to home from workplace. We were able to Identify the pattern
of the running speed between two points at a particular location

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5.0 REFERENCE

Website :

1. wheel Distance Measurement , retrieved June 20 2015 from:

http://www.engineersupply.com/measuring-wheels.aspx
2. safety Jacket, Retrieved june 20,2015 from: http://www.tsasafety.com/safetyjackets.html

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5.1 APPENDIX

Figure 1 : Wheel Distance Measurement Figure 2 : Safety Jacket

Figure 3 : Students in group at point A is making observation

Figure 4 : Road Cone Figure 5 : Stop Watch

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