Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Objectives
Contents
- Definitions
- Classification of Coasts (Primary and Secondary)
- Coastal Water Movements
- Coastal Features (Beaches, Dunes, Barrier Islands, etc)
- Coastal Ecosystems (Estuary, Lagoon, Coral Reef, etc)
- Impact of People’s Activities to the Coastline Changes
Wiwin Windupranata - Agung Budi Harto
Geodesy and Geomatic Engineering Study Program
Institut of Technology, Bandung GD-4301 Environmental Geography
Definitions
Coastal Zone
The transition zone where the land
meets water, the region that is directly
influenced by marine or lacustrine
hydrodynamic processes
Morphology
systematic study of forms and
processes that create the forms
Coast
Area of contact between land and sea
Extend inland until meets a different
geographical setting
Shore
The area extends from the low-water
line to the normal landward limit of
storm wave effects, i.e. the coastline
Coastline/Shoreline
Precise boundary where water meets
adjacent dry land
Secondary coasts are coasts that have been changed by marine influence
Waves and currents
Stream erosion
Abrasion of wind-driven particles
Freeze/thaw cycles
Slumping
Beach
Sand Spit
Muddy Coast
Ex. Pantai Air Mati, Ketapang, Kalimantan
http://www.borneophotography.org/wp-content/
uploadsgaya/ketapang-trip-2010/pantai%20air%20mati.jpg
Sandy Coasts
Ex. Pantai Santolo, Garut, Jawa Barat
Gravel Coasts
Ex. Pantai Batu Hijau, Ende, Sulawesi
http://thomaspm.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/hujan-di-
pantai-batu-hijau.jpg
Rocky/Cliff Coasts
Ex. Tanah Lot, Bali
http://ilove-indonesia.com/wp-
content/uploads/2010/11/uluwatu-temple.jpg
Breaking waves provide the energy that changes the shape and
texture of the beach deposits
Position of the divisions of the shore varies with the tides, advancing
landward with high tide and retreating seaward with low tide.
Pangandaran,
West Java
Waikiki Beach,
Hawaii
http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/sseop/images/ESC/small/ISS004/ISS004-E-9277.JPG
The term coast has a much broader meaning than shoreline and
includes many other habitats and ecosystems associated with
terrestrial and marine processes
• The six major coastal settings are: estuary, lagoon, salt marsh, mangrove
swamp and coral reef
• Shorelines are one of the most productive ecosystems and because they are
shallow, they strongly respond to the effects of waves, tides and weather
• Mangroves are the dominant plant of the tropical and subtropical intertidal
area
• Distribution of the trees is largely controlled by air temperature, exposure
to wave and current attack, tidal range, substrate and sea water chemistry
• Detritus from the mangrove forms the base of the food chain
Fringing Reefs
cling to the margin of land
Barrier Reefs
separated from land by a
lagoon
Atolls
ring-shaped islands of coral
reef enclosing lagoons
• An increase in sea level from global warming will cause more land
to be flooded and threaten more coastal buildings
Building Migration
Beach Nourishment
Dredging
Groin
Wave Breaker
Revetments
Bulkhead
Coastal Protection
Structures
Harbour
Houses
Coastrina
Batam Island
Indonesia
1.50 km2