PHYSICS CHAPTER 3 & 4 DEFINITION & FORMULA LIST

Chapter 3: Forces and Pressure

Related SI
No Terms Definition
Formula unit
The force acting normally on a unit of 𝑃𝑎 𝑜𝑟
55 Pressure, 𝑃 surface area. 𝑁 𝑚−2
The mass consists in a unit volume. 𝑘𝑔
56 Density, 𝜌
𝑚−3
State that in a fluid, an externally 𝑃𝑎
Pascal’s applied pressure is transmitted
57
Principle uniformly in all directions.
State that an object, whether
completely or partially immersed in a
Archimedes fluid, is acted on by a buoyant force,
58 𝐵 = 𝑉𝜌𝑔 𝑁
’ principle which is equal to the weight of the
displaced fluid.
State that in a steady flow of a fluid, the
Bernoulli’s pressure of the fluid decreases when
59
Principle the velocity of the fluid increases.
Apparent The weight of an object in a fluid.
60
weight
61 Real weight The weight of an object in the air.

Chapter 4: Heat
Related
No Terms Definition SI unit
Formula
Thermal The net rate of heat transfer between
62
equilibrium two bodies is zero.
Thermal Two objects are in thermal contact if
63 heat can flow between them.
contact
The amount of heat energy needed to
Heat increase the temperature of an object by
64 𝐽 𝑜𝐶−1
capacity 1 degree Celsius.
 specific The quantity of heat energy required to
increase the temperature by 1 kg of 𝐽 𝑘𝑔−1
65 heat 𝑜𝐶−1
capacity substance by 1 degree Celsius or 1 k.
The total energy absorbed or released
when a substance completely changed
66 latent heat its physical state at a constant
temperature.

latent heat The heat absorbed when a solid melts

67 at constant temperature.
of fusion
latent heat The heat absorbed when a liquid
68 of change into vapour at a constant
vaporisation temperature
Amount of heat required to change the
specific phase of 1 kg of a substance at a
69 𝐽 𝑘𝑔−1
latent heat constant temperature

Amount of heat energy required to

specific change 1 kg f a substance from a solid
70 latent heat phase to a liquid phase without a 𝐽 𝑘𝑔−1
of fusion change in temperature
Amount of heat energy required to
specific change 1 kg of a substance from liquid
latent heat phase to the gaseous phase without a
71 𝐽 𝑘𝑔−1
of change in temperature at its boiling
vaporisation point.
The relationship between the pressure
𝑃1𝑉1 =
72 Boyle’s law and volume of a given mass of gas at a
constant temperature 𝑃2𝑉2

The relationship between temperature

73 Charles’ law and volume of a given mass of gas at a
constant pressure.
The relationship between the pressure
74 pressure law and temperature of a given mass of gas
at a constant volume.

Absolute The lowest temperature can be 0 K=-273

75 achieved. 𝑜𝐶
zero