Republic of the Philippines

Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology

City of Mati, Province of Davao Oriental
INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING AND ENGINEERING

Name: RANDY D. MANDABON Group No.: 4 Rating: ______

Date Performed: Nov. 22, 2018 Date Submitted: Nov. 27, 2018

EXPERIMENT NO. 7
TENSILE STRENGTH OF HOT ROLLED STEEL BARS

Purpose:
To determine the tensile strength of hot rolled steel bars for the reinforcement of concrete.

Standard Reference:
MS 146:2006 Hot Rolled Steel Bars for the Reinforcement of Concrete
MS ISO 6892–1:2009 Tensile Testing – Method of Test at Room Temperature

Equipment:
Universal Testing Machine
Extensometer

Testing Instruction:
A. Selection of Test Samples
1. For the specified test, samples shall be 600mm long or 20 times the nominal size, whichever is the
greater. Samples shall be selected from each batch at a frequency of not less than one per x tonnes
or part thereof, where x has the value given in Table B1 provided that, if a batch comprises bars from
more than one cast, at least one test sample shall be selected to represent each cast. Samples for
the bend and rebend tests shall not be selected from the same bar.

Table B1. Frequency of tensile, bend and rebend testing

Nominal Size of Bar Value of x (quantity of material)
(mm) (metric tonnes)
For Tensile Test For Bend Test For Rebend Test
< 10 25 50 50
10 to 16 35 70 70
20 to 32 45 90 90
> 32 55 110 110

B. Preparation of Test Pieces

1. The tensile, bend and rebend tests shall normally be carried out on straight bars in the as-rolled
condition without machining or prior heat treatment.

C. Tensile Testing
1. The tensile strength, yield stress and elongation of the steel shall be determined generally in
accordance with MS ISO 6892.
2. For routine testing, the yield stress shall be derived from:
a. nominal stress measured when the plastic deformation of the test piece first occurs without
increase of load or, alternately; and
b. the load on the specimen corresponding to an increase measured by the extensometer of
percentage total strain specified in Table B2 on any convenient gauge length.

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 Table B2. Percentage Total Strain
Specified Characteristic Strength Percentage Total Strain
(N/mm²) (%)
250 0.33
460 0.43
500 0.43

3. In the case of steel with no distinct yield point, or when the yield stress results is in doubt or dispute,
the yield stress may be taken as the stress derived from the load on the specimen corresponding to
an increase, measured by an extensometer, of 0.2% strain in any convenient extensometer gauge
length of not less than the bar nominal size.
4. The strain rate when approaching the yield stress shall correspond to a rate of loading not exceeding
10 N/mm² per second.
5. For elongation values, the test results are regarded as valid, irrespective of the position of the
fracture, provided that the minimum elongation specified has been obtained.
6. Where the minimum elongation specified is not obtained, the results of the test shall be discarded
and the test considered invalid if the distance between the fracture and the nearer gauge mark is
less than one third of the gauge length and if the relevant end of the gauge length used for assessing
the elongation is 2d or closer to the face of the testing machine grips, where d is the diameter of the
test piece.
7. The stresses shall be calculated using the cross-sectional area of the bar tested.

D. Effective cross-sectional area of deformed bars

1. For bars where the configuration is such that by visual inspection, the cross-sectional area is
substantially uniform along the length of the bar, the effective cross-sectional area shall be the gross
cross-sectional area determined by weighing and measuring, to a precision of ± 0.5%, a length of
not less than 0.5m when:
gross cross-sectional area (in mm) = effective cross-sectional area
A = M / 0.00785L where, M mass of the bar (in kg)
L length of the bar (in m)
2. For a bar where the cross-sectional area varies along its length, a sample not less than 0.5m shall
be weighed (M) and measured to a precision of ± 0.5% in the as-rolled condition, and after the
transverse ribs have been removed, it shall be weighed again (M’).
3. Where the difference between the two masses (M – M’) is less than 3% of M’, the effective cross-
sectional area shall be obtained as in 12.1.
4. Where the difference between the two masses (M – M’) is equal to or greater than 3% of M’, the
effective cross-sectional area (mm²) shall be taken as:
A = 1.03M’ / 0.00785L where, M mass of the bar w/ transverse ribs removed
L length of the bar (in m)
5. For routine test purposes, a nominal ratio of effective to gross cross-sectional area of bars covered
by 4.17 shall be stated and used by the manufacturer.

E. Test Report
1. The following requirements on the individual values (x) and on the average value (m) of the cast shall
be met in assessing the characteristic strength.
a. x ≥ 0.93 x cv, where cv is the characteristic strength specified in Table 7.

Table 7: Tensile Properties

Grade Specified Characteristic Strength Min. Elongation on Gauge Length
(N/mm²) 5.65√S x d³ (%)
250 250 22
460 460 12
500 500 12
* d is the nominal size of the test piece

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 b. m ≥ cv + a, where a = 10 N/mm²
2. Each individual value for the tensile strength shall comply with the requirements of 16.1.3 and each
individual value of the elongation shall comply with the requirements of 16.1.2
3. The specified characteristic strength and elongation of the three grades of steel shall be as given in
Table 7.
4. The tensile strength shall be either:
a. at least 5% greater than the actual yield stress measured in the tensile test in accordance with
A, B, C; or
b. between 5% and 10% greater than the actual yield stress measured in the tensile test in
accordance with Annex B. In this case the actual yield stress shall not be less than the value
determined from the following formula in N/mm²;

A = (2.1 – B) where, A either 250, 460 or 500 according to the grade concerned
B ratio of measured tensile strength to actual yield strength

Computation:

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Test Method: BS EN ISO 15630

Grade of Steel 500

Specimen Reference 1

Manufacturer -

Heat No. -

Nominal Diameter, d (mm)

Mass of Bar, M (kg)

Length of the Bar, L (m)

Mass per Meter Run (kgs/m)

Effective Cross-sectional Area (mm²)

S0, M / (0.00785L)

Original Gauge Length (mm)

Extensometer’s Gauge Length (mm)

Yield Load (kN)

Maximum Load (kN)

Final Gauge Length after fracture (mm)

Yield Stress (N/mm²)

Tensile Strength (N/mm²)

Elongation (%)

Remarks

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Results and Discussion:

The results of the experiment shows that the specimen undergoes ductile fracture because there was
a reduction of area at the fractured point and the fracture appeared cup and cone, which concludes
that the higher diameter of steel bar gives a maximum tensile strength, and the small diameter gives
a minimum tensile strength with there corresponding strength can attend.

Documentation: