Summary of research articles

ARTICLE 1

(Supervisors’ Ethical Leadership and Employee Job Satisfaction: A Social

Cognitive Perspective)

Summary
 Ethical leadership

Managers or supervisors also play a big role in employees’ job satisfaction. How much employees
are satisfied with their jobs become is important issue for leaders since employees’ job satisfaction may
well result in good performance and in turn may affect the overall organization positively. Leadership
has a strong connection with the working climate and relationships in the workplace. Ethical leadership
plays a significant role in improving work-related well-being of employees it also increase job
satisfaction level Supervisors’ ethical leadership was expected to be associated with employee moral
awareness.

 Moral cognition

It involves understanding the rationalizations and biases that affect moral decision-making. It is
an essential process in the relationship between supervisor’s ethical leadership and employee
subjective well-being.

 Moral awareness

Ethical leaders generate employees’ understanding of what is morally right and wrong. Ethical
leaders set ethical models for employees, express ethical expectations and discuss ethical values
with followers. Employees under the supervision of ethical leadership clearly understand what
they should and should not do. When the employees are morally aware they can report the
unethical problem in the organization. Supervisors’ ethical leadership is positively related to
employee moral awareness.

 Moral identity

Leadership has been identified as one important predictor for employee moral identity. Ethical
leadership shapes employee moral identity. Supervisors’ ethical leadership is positively related to
employee moral identity in a way that firstly the ethical supervisors tell the employees how to
behave morally in the workplace helping them to shape their moral identity. Then they advocate
ethical values and principles. And then they usually use social rewards and punishments to
reinforce moral behaviors. Therefore supervisors’ ethical leadership is an important source for an
employee to form moral self-cognition and construct moral self-dentition.
Summary of research articles

“Supervisors’ ethical leadership elevates employee moral awareness, and then stimulates
employee moral identity and finally results in employee job satisfaction. Ethical leadership
behavior increases the level of job satisfaction.”

Article 2

Job stress and job performance among employees in public sector in Istanbul:
examining the moderating role of emotional intelligence

Summary:

Job stress

Stress is a common complaint of workers world wide. Due to the increasing level
of stress among employees a research was conducted in Taiwanese finance
industry. It was founded that Job stress and job performance are negatively
related, it is obvious that when the employee is in stress he/she cannot perform
well. The results were not favorable job stress directly affect the performance of
individual and ultimately of the organization. With the increase in job stress, job
performance falls. An increase turnover was observed due to high levels of stress.
Motivation level of employees also falls due to job stress.