‫الجمهورية الجزائرية الديمقراطية الشعبية‬

‫وزارة التعليم العالي و البحث العلمي‬

People’s And Democratic Republic Of Algeria
Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research
Kasdi Merbah University-Ouargla
Faculty of Economic Sciences, Commercial Sciences and Management

• Specialty :GRH

• level :2nd year Master

• Module :English

Prepared by : Supervised by :

 AZALI Hamza.  Prof : GHAZEL Amine

 FAKLOU Amira fatima zhra

 MAKHLOUFI Med abdelouahab

 OULED SALEM Hamza

Academic Year :2018-019

Introduction
In every kind of company whatever its kind of activities cannot be managed without
group of people take the responsibility to take decisions that guarantee the best
management of this company or enterprise.

Decision-making is the bedrock of business success. It influences almost every aspect

of corporate life, from investment to customer service. A good decision maker helps a
business succeed and boosts profit. A poor decision maker, on the other hand, could
jeopardize not only business growth but also sustainability.

In this article, we will discuss: who are decision makers? What does decision makers
do in the company? Benefits of the decision makers in a company, Groups of decision
makers in a company, Factors that influence decision makers, and steps of decision-
making.

I- Who are Decision Makers in a Company?

Businesses make complex decisions all the time. Managers decide whether to hire or
fire staff; sales managers determine the most lucrative sales leads; senior
administrators choose the best software for their purposes. All of these people make
choices before finding a solution to a problem. They are decision makers. “A decision
can be defined as a course of action purposely chosen from a set of alternatives to
achieve organizational or managerial objectives or goals.

The Cambridge English Dictionary defines a decision maker as a “person who decides
things, especially at a high level in an organization.”

A decision maker might be responsible for strategic decisions like acquisitions,

business expansion or capital investment.

II- What Does a Decision Maker Do in a Company?

According to the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, there are seven stages of

effective decision-making. First, a decision maker realizes he or she needs to make a
decision. Then, the person gathers relevant information, identifies the alternatives,
weighs up all of the evidence, selects the alternatives that are best for his or her
situation, and takes action. Finally, the decision maker reviews his or her choice and
its consequences.

Technology often helps decision makers in a company. Business decision-making

software provides these professionals with analytics so they can solve problems in a
quicker timeframe. These programs collect data from sources such as customer
relationship management (CRM) and enterprise resource planning (ERP) applications
so decision makers can analyze trends and patterns before making a decision that
impacts their business. Data-driven decision-making also helps them diagnose
business problems and identify opportunities.
 III- The Benefits of Decision Makers

Decision makers prevent companies from making rash decisions that hinder business
growth. They are an essential part of every business because they optimize
communication, human resources and supply chain management. Effective decision
makers navigate complicated situations and choose the right solution that provides
their company with the most benefits in the long term. In short, a good decision maker
can transform a business.

Poor decision-making can have serious consequences for businesses in every niche. In
contrast, good decision-making in management helps companies secure sales, generate
new leads, improve their marketing processes and increase the visibility of their brand.
It is useful for policy planning, too. Ultimately, the best decision makers ensure
business success in the future..

IV- Groups of Decision Makers

Sometimes, the best decisions involve more than one person. Decision makers who
include employees in the decision-making process likely improve morale.

In group decision-making, multiple individuals — or multiple decision makers —

ponder a problem and collectively agree on the best solution. Sometimes this process
is fraught with difficulties. Decision makers might disagree on how to solve a
problem. Also, the process of decision-making in a group sometimes results
in diffusion of responsibility, where no particular person is actually responsible for a
decision. Moreover, decision makers can blame other individuals in the group for a
bad judgment and deny personal responsibility.

Group decision-making benefits some businesses, however. This method draws on

the skills and expertise of each decision maker in the group, resulting in better
solutions to common problems. Employees in various departments within an
organization might have decision-making skills.

V- Factors That Influence Decision Makers

Various factors influence decision-making in business. One study suggests that

smaller groups of decision makers are more competent at making resolutions than
larger groups. The research, from Princeton University, says that people make
decisions based on correlated information — the facts known to all members of a
group, and uncorrelated information — the things known only to a few members of a
group. The larger the group, the more the uncorrelated information gets “drowned
out.”

Psychological and physiological factors also impact decision makers. Long days,
fatigue and eating habits could affect someone’s decision-making process.
Research from Stanford University says that good decision-making happens in the
morning when serotonin levels in the brain are at their highest. This, they say, makes it
easier for people to take risks.

The decision-making process in management comes with multiple benefits. Great

decision makers influence almost every business-related situation, and companies that
have proper decision makers are more effective at strategic planning. These companies
improve sales, boost productivity and increase morale, too.

VI- The Decision-Making Process in an Organization

Decision-making is one of the most important aspects of business, but the process of
arriving at a decision must be precise, so that it will yield the best results. It is also
important to remember that even though the decision-maker and his executive team
will make the major decisions, there are a number of smaller decisions that managers
and staff members will make, sometimes without decision-maker input. To ensure that
decision-making is uniform throughout the organization, it should implement a
process that everyone can follow.

VII- Steps of Decision-Making

a- Understand the Decision You Have to Make

This may seem obvious, but the first step in making a decision is the realization that a
decision is necessary. In other words, you have to identify and define the type of
decision that needs to be made, and how it will change your work process, or improve
a product or service for your customers.

b- Collect All the Information

Proper decision-making requires an evaluation of all the information and data that you
can gather. For example, if you own a marketing consulting firm and you’re
considering a pay-per-click advertising campaign, you would want to have
information, such as which keywords do customers use the most when searching
results related to consulting. In some instances, the information you need is internal
(within your organization), and in other instances, you will obtain that information
from external sources.

c- Identify All Alternatives

After you’ve analyzed the information, you must develop several different options
regarding the decision you have to make. Using the same example from earlier, you
may decide on alternatives, such as display ads, cost-per-thousand ads or re-marketing.
 d- Evaluate the Pros and Cons

Analyzing each alternative for its pluses and minuses can help you eliminate which
possible decision is the wrong one. Your goal in this step is to identify the options that
give you the best chance of success and the least chance of failure. In some instances,
there isn’t much difference between two options, which means you should consult
with your executive leaders to determine which option they like best, and then to rank
them in descending order.

e- Select the Best Alternative

After you’ve ranked your options, you must choose the one that you think has the
strongest chance of achieving your goal. In some instances, you can combine several
options, but in most cases, there will be a clear-cut direction you want to take.

f- Make the Decision

A decision is simply a choice until you put it into action. This means that you must
understand the resources available to help that decision become successful. You may
need to have several meetings with your managers and team leaders to explain your
decision to them, and how it will affect their daily tasks or how it will affect your
clients and customers.

g- Evaluate the Impact of Your Decision

It’s critical for you to evaluate your decision after sufficient time has passed, so that
you can analyze the effectiveness of the choice you made. The biggest question you
must ask is this: Did your decision resolve the problem, the need or the issue it was
meant to address? If you can answer, “Yes” to this question, then your work is done. If
the answer is “No,” then you may need to identify what went wrong and repeat the
decision-making process.

Conclusion

The process of Decision-Making is different from company to another, and from the
nature of etch one, and the number of its members. There are big companies that needs
to a group of Decision-Makers, and others need no more than one Decision-Maker.
The success or failure of the company in achieving its goals depends on the decision-
making, thus, the most succeeded companies are those which have the calcification
decision-maker with high skills.