Retention Learning Outcomes Learning Activities

10% of what they

SYMBOLIC
- Define - Reading
read - Hearing words
PASSIVE

- Describe
20% of what they - List

This material is based from Edgar Dale’s work which has been developed by Bruce Hyland.
hear - Explain

ICONIC
- Demonstrate - Looking at the pictures
50% of what they - Apply - Watching movies
see and hear - Practice - Watching moving pictures

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- Analyze - View exhibits/viewing
70% of what they - Design exhibits
ACTIVE

say and write - Evaluate - Watching demonstrations

ENACTIVE
- Participate in hands-on
workshops
- Role play a situation
- Create
- Model or Simulate a real life
90 % of what experience
they do as they - Go through the real
perform a task experience

Dale’s Cone of Experience is a model that incorporates several theories related to instructional design and learning processes. During the 1960s, Edgar Dale theorized that
learners retain more information by what they “do” as opposed to what is “heard”, “read” or “observed”. His research led to the development of the Cone of Experience. The
Cone was originally developed in 1946 and was intended as a way to describe various learning experiences. Essentially, the Cone shows the progression of experiences from
the most concrete (at the bottom of the cone) to the most abstract (at the top of the cone).