Structural Mechanics and

Finite Elements
Course work 2

University of Surrey
Erfan Ahmad
MSc Structural Engineering
Module: Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements
(ENGM053)
10/01/2011
For preliminary analysis of the structural reinforced concrete box girder the steps
below have been taken by using sap2000 to calculate displacement and stresses:

Analysis stages:

Step one:

The grids and cross section area of the box girder has been drawing in sap2000 as
shown in figure 1.

Figure -1-
Step two:

Materials for (concrete and steel supports) have been defined with regarding of
requirement of the course work and applied. Furthermore, the areas selected and
auto mesh of (6 by 6) used as seen in figure 2.

Figure-2-

Step three:

In this step the steel has been extruded by 400mm and duplicated to other end of the
structure. The pin support fixed to the one end and roller to the other end.

Furthermore the concrete sections extruded over span of the 6000mm with respect
to delete the original source of the element. As shown in figure 3.

Figure -3-
Step four:

The load which has been given as 1𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 over top surface on the structure has
applied by using selected top surface with neglecting self weight of the structure. the
load applied as surface pressure as shown in figure 4.

Figure -4-

Step five:

The analysis has run and maximum deflection of the top and bottom of the concrete
occurred in the structure sufficiently as shown in figure 5 and 6.

Figure -5-
 Figure -6-

The table below has shown the total displacement of all joints.
Stresses:

The analysis is shown the stress which carried out by the sap2000 and
demonstration as following:

First maximum stresses (SMAX) as shown in figure (7) can be explained that the
colour in the bottom of the graph shows the range of the stress. For example the red
colour is in the range of (0 to -45) 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 indicating the stress appeared in the
element of the top left wing corner.

Figure -7-

Minimum stresses (SMIN) shown in figure (8)

Figure -8-
The mid stresses (SMID) shown in figure (9) can be seen that the top surface
indicated by dark green colour rang of stress goes from (0 to 24)𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 .

Figure -9-

Hand calculation check:

After the analysis has done by sap2000 the module has simplified and some
assumptions made to box girder to calculate the moment, shear and defection to see
the result achieved accurately.

First the simplification of the cross section has done as shown in the figure (10). The
structure is simply supported.

Figure -10-
Finding

Moment:

The load is 1𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 therefore the uniformed load calculated on the surface of the
box girder as:

𝑈𝐷𝐿(𝑞) = 3800 × 1 = 3800𝑁/𝑚𝑚

𝑞 × 𝐿2 3800 × 56002
𝑀= = = 1496 × 106 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚
8 8
Shear:

𝑞𝑙 3800 × 5600
𝑉= = = 1064 × 104 𝑁
2 2
Deflection:

The centre of the section and second moment of area calculated as following.

(300 × 1400 × 1500) + (300 × 650 × 625 × 2) + (250 × 3800 × 1075)

𝑦𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 =
( 300 × 1400 × + 300 × 650 × 2 + (250 × 3800))
= 754𝑚𝑚

800 × 3003 300 × 9503

𝐼𝑦 −𝑦 = + 800 × 300 × 6042 + 2 × + 300 × 950 × 2792
12 12
3800 × 2503
+ + 3800 × 250 × 3212 = 2.7943 × 1011 𝑚𝑚4
12

Deflection

5𝑞𝑙 4 5 × 3800 × 36000000

𝛿= = = 11.474 𝑚𝑚
384𝐸𝑙 384 × 20000 × 2.7943 × 1011