TOPIC 1 : FURTHER DIFFERENTIATION & APPLICATION

PART 1 Date
1.1 Introductory Differential Calculus 18/1
• First Principles
1.2 Differentiation Rules
• Chain Rule
• Product Rule
• Quotient Rule
1.3 Derivatives of Exponential Functions
1.4 Derivatives of Logarithmic Functions
1.5 Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions
1.6 Second Derivatives

Differential Calculus is a branch of mathematics that deals

with _____________________
Instantaneous Rate of Change of a function at a particular
point can be found by _______________________________
_______________________________________________
The gradient of tangent to f (x ) at x  a is denoted by

1 By Suci Aida (2017)

 FINDING DERIVATIVES BY FIRST PRINCIPLES

There are TWO formulas:

f ( x  h)  f ( x)
1. f ( x )  lim
h0 h

f ( x )  f (a )
2. f ( a )  lim
xa xa

Example 1

a) Use First Principle to find f (x ) for f ( x )  3  x .

b) Find f ( 2 ) and interpret your answer.
(SACE 2012, 4 marks)

2 By Suci Aida (2017)

Example 2
10
Using First Principles, find the slope of the tangent to the curve f ( x )  5  at x  6 .
x
(SACE 2014, 5 marks)

## HOMEWORK ----- Exercise 1.1

1.2 Differentiation Rules

A. Simple Rules of Differentiation

f (x ) f ( x ) Name of rule
c, (a constant)
xn
cu(x)
u(x) + v(x)

3 By Suci Aida (2017)

 Example 3
Find f ' ( x ) for f (x ) equal to:
5 6
a) 2 x 3  7 x 2  5 x  4 b) 
x x2

Example 4
Find f ' ( x ) for f (x ) equal to:
3 9
b) 6 x  b)
x 3
x

 In Class Exercise 1B : Try Q4 & Q5

4 By Suci Aida (2017)

 B. The Chain Rule
What are Composite Functions?
Composition of functions is when one function is inside of another function.
We can often write complicated functions as the composite of two or more simpler functions.

Eg. y  ( x 2  3x ) 4 can be written as y  u 4 where u  x 2  3x or as

y  g ( f ( x )) where g (x )  and f (x ) 

Example 5
Find
(a) g ( f ( x )) if g ( x ) 
x and f ( x )  2  3x
1
(b) g ( x ) and f (x ) such that g ( f ( x ))  .
x  x2

The reason we are interested in writing complicated function as composite functions is to make
finding derivatives easier.

This rule is extremely important and enables us to differentiate complicated functions much
faster.
5 By Suci Aida (2017)
Example 6
Find
dy
if : 
(a) y  x 2  2x 
4
(b) y 
4
dx 1  2x

## HOMEWORK ----- Exercise 1C

6 By Suci Aida (2017)

C. The Product Rule

Example 7
Find
dy
dx
if: (a) y  x 2 x  1
3

(b) y  x 2 x 2  2x 
4

## HOMEWORK ----- Exercise 1D

7 By Suci Aida (2017)

D. The Quotient Rule

Derive quotient rule formula from product rule.

u( x )
Let Q ( x )  .
v( x )

Notice that u ( x )  Q ( x ).v ( x )

8 By Suci Aida (2017)

Example 8
dy 1  3x x
Find if: (a) y  (b) y 
dx x2  1 1  2 x 2

## HOMEWORK ----- Exercise 1E

9 By Suci Aida (2017)

1.3 Differentiating Exponential Functions

Try to derive the second rule by using chain rule.

Suppose y  e f ( x ) . Let u  f (x ) , then y  e u

dy dy du
 .
dx du dx du dy
 
dy dx du

dx

Example 9
Find the gradient function for:
e2x
(a) y  2e x  e 3 x (b) y  x 2 e  x (c) y 
x

10 By Suci Aida (2017)

Example 10
Find the gradient function for:


(a) y  e x  1 3
(b) y 
1
2e x  1

Past Year Question

dy
Find the for the following functions.
dx
y  e x 2 x .
4
(a) ( SACE 2013, 2 marks)

5x 4
(b) y  ( SACE 2012, 3 marks)
1  3e 2 x

## HOMEWORK ----- Exercise 1F

11 By Suci Aida (2017)

12 By Suci Aida (2017)